Cement is a mixture of calcareous, siliceous, and argillaceous substances that is used as a binding agent in construction. It is produced through a process involving mixing raw materials, burning in a rotary kiln, and grinding the clinker produced. The manufacturing process can be either dry or wet. Key tests are conducted on cement to check properties like strength, color, presence of lumps, and solubility in water. There are various types of cement suited for different applications.

1. CEMENT

2. Topics To Be Covered
ConclusionGrades of
Cement
Tests for
Cement
Ball Mills &
Tube Mills
Site for Cement
Factory
Manufacture &
CharacteristicIntroduction

3. Introduction
• Mixture of calcareous, siliceous, argillaceous and other substances
• It helps in fill voids between fine & course aggregate.
• It have adhesive and cohesive properties.
• It is popular as building material
• It binds fine & course aggregate together.

4. Characteristics Of Cement
• Color should be grey with greenish shade
• It feels smooth when touched
• It feel cool and warm when hand inserted in bag of
Cement.
• It should free from hard lumps
• When immersed in water, it sinks should not float.
• Color should be grey with greenish
shade
• It feels smooth when touched
• Paste of cement feel sticky
• It should free from hard lumps
• When immersed in water, it sinks
should not float.

5. Properties Of Cement
Physical Properties Mechanical properties Chemical Properties
• Strength to masonry Compressive strength :- • Loss of Ignition < 4%
• Excellent binding
material
• At end of 3 days should
not be less than 11.5
N/mm
• Sulphur content <
2.75%
• Easily workable • At end of 7 days should
not be less than 11.5
N/mm
• Weight of Insoluble
residue < 1.50 %
• Offers good resistance Tensile strength :-
• Possesses a good
plasticity
• At end of 3 days should
not be less than 11.5
N/mm
• Weight of magnesia <
1.50%
• Stiffens or hardens early • At end of 7 days should
not be less than 11.5
N/mm

6. Site For Cement Factory
• Climatic Condition
• Labour
• Market
• Power
• Raw Material
• Transport facilities
• Climatic Condition
• Labour
• Market
• Power
• Raw Material
• Transport facilities

7. Manufacture Of Ordinary Cement
Mixing of
Raw material
Burning Grinding

8. Mixing of Raw Material
DRY PROCESS
WET PROCESS

9. • DRY PROCESS
• Raw material reduced to size 25 mm in crusher
• Dry air passed over dried material
• Then dried material put in ball or tube mill and become fine powder.
Note :- All operations done separately for each raw material
• Now they stored in hopper .
• Mixed in correct proportions and made ready for rotary kiln
• We get ground powder is know as raw mix.

10. • WET PROCESS

11. BURNING
• Raw mix Feed into a preheating tower where it is heated.
• As raw meal moves downwards by gravity, and hot gases resulting from the
fuel combustion.
• The rotary kiln move upwards
• Kiln feed is heated from approximately 80°C up to 850°C,
• During this process, the emitted gases - which include CO2 - are cooled down
from 1,050°C to 350°C
• Afterwards to dry out the wet raw materials during the grinding process.

12. GRINDING
• The cooling stage, gypsum is
added to the clinker and
• The mix is then finely ground
to a form of grey powder
called "cement" in a finishing
mill.
• Which is similar to a raw
material mill but relatively
larger in size.

13. Ball Mill & Tube Mill

14. Field Test For Cement

15. Colour – It should be uniform that is grey with greenish
shade. It is indication of excess of lime or clay.
Physical properties – It should feel smooth, and it
should sink not float when throw in bucket of water. Thin
paste of cement fell sticky.
Presence of Lumps – Cement should be free from
hard lumps. Lumps formed due to absorption of moisture.
Strength – Cement is used in different quantity with
different size of blocks or bricks. Thick paste of cement
with water is made for the thick glass and kept for 24
hours.

16. Varieties of Cement
1. Acid-resistant cement
2. Blast Furnace cement
3. Coloured cement
4. Expanding cement
5. High alumina cement
6. Hydrophobic cement
7. Low heat cement
8. Pozzolana cement
9. Quick setting cement
10. Rapid hardening cement
11. Extra rapid hardening cement
12. Sulphate resisting cement
13. White cement

17. Conclusion
Cement is a binder, a substance
that sets and hardens
independently and can bind
other material together.

18. THANK YOU