This document provides information on plumbing systems and components. It defines plumbing as the art and science of installing pipes, fixtures, and accessories for water supply, drainage, and ventilation in buildings. It then describes various types of water supply systems, sanitary systems, pipes used in plumbing like uPVC, CPVC, ABS, and galvanized iron pipes. It also discusses valves, traps, fixtures like sinks, water closets, and more. Key points in plumbing installation and various plumbing codes are highlighted.

3. Introduction
The word plumbing derived from Latin word “Plumbum” means lead.
Efficient laying out of pipes and using befitting fittings is the art of plumbing.
Selecting appropriate pipe, equipments, accessories and its installation and
maintaining is the science.
Definition:
Plumbing is the art and science of designing, installing and maintanence of
pipes, fixtures, equipments and its accessories for controlled flow of fluids
(water, gas and water conveying waste) required in a building and its premises.

4. U G TANK
OH TANK
RISER
PIPE
LOW
PRESSURE
BRANCH
PIPE
UG-OH TANK
SYSTEM
U G TANK
NO OH TANK
RISER
PIPE
BRANCH
PIPE
UP-FEED/
PRESSURIZED
SYSTEM
Various
Water
Supply
System
in
Building

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6. SANITARY SYSTEM(Two pipe)
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8. Plastics are a family of man-made materials developed from synthetic
organic chemicals like oil, natural gas, coal and cellulose (from wood fibers).
These raw materials are made into resins.
Rigid type plastic pipe: Various types of rigid plastic pipes used in
plumbing system.
1. Unplastisized polyvinyle chloride (uPVC) pipe.
3. Clorinated polyvinyle chloride (CPVC) pipe.
4. Acrylonitrite Butadiene Styrene (ABS) pipe.
5. Poly propylene (PP) pipe.
6. Styrene Rubber (SR) pipe.
Plastic Pipes
Tests indicated that plastic pipe may last for 30 years under favorable
condition.
Working pressure range is 2.5 bar to 10 bar.
1 bar = 14.70 psi. 1 Mpa =145.038 psi

9. uPVC pipe: Manufactured by plastic resins extruded in special machines
under closed temperature control and manufacturing process. uPVC pipes
are suitable for temperature up to 60ºc ( ºF ). These pipes should not be
installed exposed to direct sunlight due to its high co-efficient of thermal
expansion which is 7 x 10.5 mm /m/ ºc and loss of strength. Rigidly fixed
pipes may deform due to high thermal expansion. As a result joint may start
leaking. So provision for pipe expansion should be kept in the piping system
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) pipe :CPVC pipes are useful for
handing high temperature, corrosives fluids, having a maximum service
temperature of 99 ºc (210 ºF). It has good chemical resistance like PVC
pipes. These pipes are also recommended for hot and cold water lines and
for process piping for the hot corrosive liquids.
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) pipe: ABS pipes has high impact
strength, is very tough and can be used at temperatures up to 180º F. It has
lower chemical resistance and lower design strength than PVC pipes. These
pipes are generally used in conveying water for irrigation, gas transmission,
draining wastes and venting. Solvent welding and threading are the
recommended process for jointing these pipes.
Plastic Pipes (contd…)

10. Nominal
Size
Outside
Diameter
Wall Thickness
Class B
(6 Bar)
(87 psi)
Class C
(9 Bar)
(130.5 psi)
Class D
(12 Bar)
(174 psi)
Class E
(15 Bar)
(217.5 psi)
Inch Min. mm Max.
mm
Min. mm Max.
mm
Min. mm Max.
mm
Min. mm Max.
mm
Min. mm Max.
mm
1/2 21.2 21.5 - - - - - - 1.7 2.1
3/4 26.6 26.9 - - - - - - 1.9 2.5
1 33.3 33.8 - - - - - - 2.2 2.7
1.1/4 42.0 42.5 - - - - 2.2 2.7 2.7 3.2
1.1/2 48.0 48.5 - - - - 2.5 3.0 3.1 3.7
2 60.0 60.7 - - 2.5 3.0 3.1 3.7 3.9 4.9
3 88.4 89.4 2.9 3.4 3.5 4.1 4.6 5.3 5.7 6.6
4 113.7 114.9 3.4 4.0 4.5 5.2 6.0 6.9 7.3 8.4
5 139.4 141.0 3.8 4.4 5.5 6.4 7.3 8.4 9.0 10.4
6 167.4 169.1 4.5 5.2 6.5 7.6 8.8 10.2 10.8 12.5
8 218.0 220.2 5.3 6.1 7.5 9.0 10.3 11.9 12.6 14.5
10 271.6 274.4 6.6 7.6 9.7 11.2 12.8 14.8 15.7 18.1
12 322.2 325.5 7.8 9.0 11.5 13.3 15.2 17.5 18.7 21.6
14 353.7 357.3 8.5 9.8 12.6 14.5 16.7 19.2 - -
16 404.3 408.5 9.7 11.2 14.5 16.7 - - - -
uPVC Pipe Classification

11. Galvanized Iron (G.I) pipe: Galvanizing is done by dipping the clean surfaced
iron pipes into molten pure zinc. Galvanized iron pipes are used mainly for
preventing pipe from corrosion. In aggressive corrosive conditions, galvanized
iron pipes should not be used.
G.I.Pipe
Class of pipe available are A, B and C.
Pressure rating in Kg/cm2: ClassB: 30 at test and 20 at working;
Class C: 50 at test and 30 at working
GI pipes are connected mostly by threaded joints. Welding of galvanized pipe
shall be avoided since it results in emission of a toxic gas from the zinc coating.
Corrosion is the major problem. Zinc coating thickness
shall be ranged between 45µm to 100µm

12.  Soil pipe: A soil pipe is a pipe Through which human excreta flows.
 Water Pipe: it is a pipe which carries only the liquid waste. It does not
carry human excreta.
 Vent pipe; it is a pipe which is provided for the purpose of the
ventilation of the system. A vent is open at top and bottom, to facilitate
exit of foul gases. It is carried at least one meter higher than the roof
level.
 Rain water pipe: it is a pipe which carries only the rain water.
PIPES

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16. VARIOUS VALVES , CLIPS AND TAPE
Copper Pipe Clips Gate ValveBall Valve
Thread seal tape (also known as PTFE tape or plumber's tape) is a polytetrafluoroethylene
(PTFE) film for use in sealing pipe threads.

17. GATE VALVE

18. Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV)

19. Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV)

20. For shut off or closing a pipe
Plug: Plug is used for closing the end of a pipe or a fitting having a female
thread.
Cap : Cap is used for closing the end of a pipe or fittings having a male thread.
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21. Floor drains
The floor drain is a plumbing fixture, which provides an opening in the
floor to drain wastewater generated on the floor and discharged into the
plumbing system. In areas where there is chance of receiving
wastewater, a floor drain of adequate size should be provided.

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23. Cleanouts
A plumbing cleanout is a cleanout fitting with a removable plug.
It is designed to help keep clear any type of debris that could
cause any type of stoppage in the water drain lines.
Cleanouts are usually placed at the connection point between
the sewer lines and the drain lines where the base is located of
a vertical stack and at all places were the pipe direction changes
at 90 degrees.

24. Plumbing Trap
A plumbing trap is a curved pipe that is located underneath a plumbing
fixture. A plumbing trap is an essential part of a building’s plumbing for
two main reasons.
 trap prevents the entry of odors into a building.
 trap also catches items that may cause major clogs or blockages if allowed to
travel further into the drainage system.
In most municipalities, the installation of plumbing traps on all plumbing
fixtures is required.

25. TRAPS ACCORDING TO
SHAPE

26. TRAPS EXAMPLES
‘P’ TRAP
‘S’ TRAP

27. Kitchen sink

28. Water closets are water flushed plumbing fixtures that receive human
excrement and finally dispose off into drainage system using water as a
conveyance medium.
Siphon Jet
Water closet

29. Water closet

30. Water closet
Consume much Water

31. Water closet
Siphon Jet Flushing System

32. Water closet Flushing System
Float Valve

33. Water closet Flushing System
Conventional System

34. Water closet Flushing System

35. Squatting urinal Long Pan

36. LAVATORIES - বেসিন
The lavatory is a bowl or basin used for washing of the hands, face etc. The
bowl is usually oval in shape. Generally the bowl has a capacity of about
4.5 liter (1 gal) up to the overflow line.
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48. 1. Bib cock for commode 18″
2. Angle stop cock for combi closet 18″
3. Angle stop cock for lowdown 28″
4. Angle stop cock for wash basin 23″
5. Bib cock below shower 28″
6. Conceal stop cock 44″
7. Head shower 78″
8. Soap case 44″
9. Paper holder 24″
10. Towel rail 48″
11. Glass shelf 12″ (From Basin Top)
12. Mirror 15″ (From Basin Top)
Sanitary Fitting Standard Height

49. Sanitary Fitting Standard Height

50. Water Lifting pump (Centrifugal)
Centrifugal pump should be selected considering its flow rate for particular head at its
maximum efficiency. Power consumption should also be considered.
Self primed centrifugal pump should be used. Pump installing by the side of reservoir will
not require priming.
Pump and motor shall be truly aligned horizontally or vertically.
Provide drainage facilities in pump room. Pump room shall be made well ventilated.
Provide short suction pipe with minimum
bend. Horizontal part shall be slightly
sloped downward.
Install pump on a massive base and use rubberized sheet under base plate.
Provide flexible joints both in suction and
delivery pipe.
Bending of suction pipe shall be 12 times
diameter of pipe apart from pump end.
VWLP
GATE VALVE
CHECK VALVE
FLEXIBLE CONNECTION
U.G. TANK WALL
PIPE SLEEVE
AdjustablePUMP BASE
STRAINER
450
900

51. Water Lifting pump (Submersible)

52. Water Lifting pump (Sump pump)

53. Over head Water Tank
Size of O.H. tank is primarily governed by; how many times in a day a pump and at what
capacity it will operate to fill the tank.
Position of water tank should be at the centroid of volume of water supply outlets.
Elevated position shall be based on pressure
needed to supply through top most faucet.
Electronic sensor can be used to
control inflow of water into the tank
Water reservoirs shall be cleaned at
least twice a year
Provide a drainage pipe at the floor of
reservoir.

54. The pressure is a function of water height and density of water i.e.
P = hD. where h = depth of water in ft and D = density of water
For 1 ft of water column, pressure exerted is
P = h D= [(1 ft) x (62.4) 1b /ft 3)] (1ft2 / 144 in2 ) = 0.433 h psi/ ft depth.
So p = 0.4333 h psi
So one psi pressure is developed for 1/0.433 = 2.304 ft of water column.
h = 2.304 p ft of water column.
Static water pressure
Absolute pressure is the gauge pressure plus 14.7 psi because at mean sea level where the
absolute atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psi. But the gauge reads zero pressure there.

55. * Flow pressure is the pressure in the pipe at the entrance to the particular fixture considered.
** Flushometer type.
Required pressure & discharge in the faucets for different fixtures.
Sl.
No Fixture
Flow
Pressure
psi
Flow Rate
(US gpm)
1 Ordinary basin faucet 8 2
2 Self- closing basin faucet 12 2.5
3 Sink faucet, (⅜ in) 10 4.5
4 Sink faucet, (1/2 in) 5 4.5
5 Bathtub faucet 5 6
6 Laundry tub cock, (1/2 in) 5 5
7 Shower 12 5
8 Ball cock for closet 15 3
9 Flush valve for closet ** 10-20 15-35
10 Flush valve for urinal ** 15 15

56. Maintenance Tools & Checking
Source : http://www.ramonasplumber.com/dpatoollist.shtml
Pressure Test:
To test a pipe system increasing pressure in the system is
the best way to determine, either the system is ok or not.
Pressure given in the system must be one & half times than
actual design pressure.
Pressure Gauge
Manual Pressure Testing Device

57. Maintenance Tools & Checking
Source : http://www.ramonasplumber.com/dpatoollist.shtml
Pressure Test:
Mechanical Pressure Testing Device

58. Maintenance Tools & Checking
Flow Meter:
Ultrasonic Flow Meter
Tube Flow Meter Flow Meter cum regulator
Pipe Flow Meter

59. HAND OPERATED AUGERS FOR CLEANING WATER-
CLOSETS, PIPES AND SEWERS
Source : https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.9110.1979.html

60. HAND OPERATED AUGERS FOR CLEANING WATER-
CLOSETS, PIPES AND SEWERS
Source : https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.9110.1979.html

61. HAND OPERATED AUGERS FOR CLEANING WATER-
CLOSETS, PIPES AND SEWERS
Source : https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.9110.1979.html

62. HAND OPERATED AUGERS FOR CLEANING WATER-
CLOSETS, PIPES AND SEWERS
Source : https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.9110.1979.html

63. HAND OPERATED AUGERS FOR CLEANING WATER-
CLOSETS, PIPES AND SEWERS
Source : https://law.resource.org/pub/in/bis/S03/is.9110.1979.html

64. CLEANING WATER-CLOSETS, BASIN, PIPES AND SEWERS
BY USING PLUNGER
Source : http://www.familyhandyman.com/plumbing/drain-repair/how-to-clear-clogged-drains/view-all

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77. Questions Please

78. Reference:
(1)Haque, S. Azizul, Plumbing Practice, 1st Endition.
(2)Bamgladesh National Building Code.
(3)R. D. Treloar, Plumbing Encyclopedia, 4th Edition.
(4)M. Feroze Ahmed, Md. Mujibur Rahman, Water
Supply and Sanitation for rural and low income
urban communities.
(5)Donald Watson, Michael J. Crosbie, John
Hancock Callender, Time-Saver Standards for
Architectural Design.
(6)Several web sites for different pictures
(7)International Plumbing Code(IPC)