The document discusses Facts (Flexible AC Transmission Systems) and their role in enhancing the controllability and power transfer capability of AC transmission systems. It outlines the types of FACTS controllers, including shunt and series connected controllers, and details specific devices such as static var compensators and unified power flow controllers. Additionally, it highlights the advantages and applications of FACTS devices in improving transmission system reliability, stability, and voltage profiles.

1. ON
2013-2014
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
VIVEKANANDA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,JAIPUR
Ajit Singh Rajawat
VIII th semester
Electrical Branch
Mr. Pawan Kumar Sharma
Electronics Department
Presented To :- Presented By :-
Power SystemStability & control using Facts devices

2. Contents
 What is FACTS?
 Basic types of FACTS Controllers
 Shunt connected controllers
 Series connected controllers
 Combined shunt and series connected controllers
 Static VAR Compensator
 Static Series Synchronous Compensator
 Unified Power Flow Controller
 Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator
 Advantages of FACTS Devices
 Application of FACTS Devices

3. What is FACTS?
 (FACTS) is defined as `Alternating current transmission systems
incorporating power electronic-based and other static controllers to
enhance controllability and increase power transfer capability'

4. Basic types of FACTS Controllers
 Series controllers:
The series controller could be a variable impedance or a variable source
both are power electronics based. In principle, all series controllers inject
voltage in series with the line.
 Shunt controllers:
The shunt controllers may be variable impedance connected to the line
voltage causes a variable current flow hence represents injection of
current into the line.
 Combined series-series controllers:
The combination could be separate series controllers or unified series-
series controller Interline Power Flow Controller.
 Combined series-shunt controllers:
The combination could be separated series and shunt controllers or a
unified power flow controller

5. Shunt connected controllers
Shunt compensation is used to influence the natural electrical
characteristics of the transmission line to increase the steady-state
transmittable power and to control the voltage profile along the lin

6. Series connected controllers
The control strategy of the SSVC is typically based on
achieving an objective line power flow in addition to the
capability of damping power oscillations.

7. Combined shunt and series connected
controllers

8. Static VAR Compensator
 A shunt-connected static var generator or absorber
whose output is adjusted to exchange capacitive or
inductive current so as to maintain or control
specific parameters of the electrical power system
(typically bus voltage)

9. Static Series Synchronous Compensator
 This type of series compensation can provide a continuous
degree of series compensation by varying the magnitude of
Vc. Also, it can reverse the phase of Vc, thereby increasing
the overall line reactance; this can be desirable to limit fault
current, or to dampen power oscillations.

10. Unified Power Flow Controller
1.It can be used to enhance steady state stability, dynamic stability and transient
stability.
2.The UPFC is capable of both supplying and absorbing real and reactive power
and it consists of two ac/dc converters.
3.Series converter can exchange real power with the transmission line and thus
improves the power flow capability of the line as well as its transient stability
limit.
4.It is normally controlled to balance the real power absorbed from or injected
into the power system by the series converter plus the losses by regulating the dc
bus voltage at a desired value.

11. Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator
•The TCSC behaves as a tunable parallel LC-circuit to the line
current. As the impedance of XL is varied from its maximum
(infinity) toward its minimum wL , the TCSC increases its
capacitive impedance.

12. FACTS devices v/s Conventional
Devices
 Fast Acting Switching Response
 Greater Reliability
 Improve voltage Stability of power system
 Very low loss of energy in power system

13. Advantages of FACTS
Devices
 Better utilization of existing transmission system assets
 Increased transmission system reliability and availability
 Increased dynamic and transient grid stability and reduction of loop flows
 Increased quality of supply for sensitive industries
 Environmental benefits Better utilization of existing transmission system assets

14. Application of FACTS
Devices
1. They contribute to optimal system operation by reducing power losses and
improving voltage profile.
2. The transient stability limit is increased thereby improving dynamic security of
the system and reducing the incidence of blackouts caused by cascading outages.
3. The steady state or small signal stability region can be increased by providing
auxiliary stabilizing controllers to damp low frequency oscillations.
4. The problem of voltage fluctuations and in particular, dynamic over- voltages can
be overcome by FACTS controllers

15. THANK YOU