This is the slides of the overview of FACTS devices

1. FLEXIBLE ALTERNATING CURRENT
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
U.N.S.I.E.T. V.B.S.P.U. JAUNPUR
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
AKASH VISHWAKARMA
B.Tech. EE 3rd Year
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2. Contents
 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 CLASSIFICATION OF FACTS DEVICES
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
 TYPES OF FACTS CONTROLLER
 SERIES CONTROLLER SERIES CONTROLLER
 SHUNT CONTROLLER
 SERIES SHUNT CONTROLLER
 SERIES SERIES CONTROLLER
 ADVANTAGES
 DISADVANTAGE
 APPLICATIONS
 CONCLUSION 2

3. As a result of the continuous advancement In modern life, demands for
power will keep increasing.
• Consequences : voltage or frequency instability, line overloaded and power
system blackouts.
 Solution: Built new transmission line.
INTRODUCTION
 Solution: Built new transmission line.
• Challenges: limited energy resources, deregulated electricity market,
environmental constraints, time and capital
Alternative solution : Improve the power system performance with existing
transmission lines.
• FACTS Devices : Flexible Alternating Current Transmission Line System
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4.  The term FACTS describes a wide range of controllers, many of which
incorporate large power electronics converter.
 In general , FACTS devices possess the following technological attributes:
1) Provide dynamic reactive power support.
2) Voltage control
3) Improve system stability
4) Control real and reactive power flow
5) Line impedance and phase angle control5) Line impedance and phase angle control
 FACTS are new integrated concept based on electronic converter to
enhance system utilization , reliable , stability and power quality of ac
transmission system. FACTS devices is power electronics based controller
that provide control for 1 or more transmission system parameter to
enhance controllability and to increase the power transfer capability.
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5. HISTORY
 Dr. Narain Hingorani is a father of FACTS technology.
 The first FACTS installed by General Electric (GE) at Nebraska, North
America in 1974.
This is a 500KV 3 phase 60Hz substation and was developed by EPRI , This is a 500KV 3 phase 60Hz substation and was developed by EPRI ,
the Bonneille Power Adminstration and general electric component .
 The first FACTS device installed in India is Thyristor Controlled
Series Capacitor (TCSC) with fixed series compensation at 400kV
transmission line between Kanpur (U.P.) and Ballabgarh (Haryana ) in the
Northern Grid .
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6. CLASSIFICATION OF FACTS CONTROLLERS
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7. TYPES OF FACTS CONTROLLERS
 Series Controllers :-
• The series controller could be a variable impedance, such
as capacitor, reactor, or power electronics based variable source of main
frequency, and harmonic frequencies to serve the desired load.
• In principle, all series controllers inject voltage in series with the line. As long
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• In principle, all series controllers inject voltage in series with the line. As long
as the voltage in phase quadrature with the line current, the series controllers
only supply consumers variable reactive power.
• Series controllers includes Static Series Synchronous Capacitor (SSSC) and
Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC).

8. 8
Diagrams of series controller -TCSC and SSSC

9. Shunt controllers:-
As in the case of series controllers, the shunt controllers may
be variable impedance, variable source or a combination of these.
• In principle, all shunt controllers inject current into the system at the point of
connection.
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• Even a variable shunt impedance connected to the line voltage causes a variable
current flow and hence represents injection of current to the line.
• Any other phase relationship involve handling of a real power as well. Shunt
controllers includes Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), Static Voltage
Compensator (SVC)

10.  STATCOM:-
STATCOM is stands for static
synchronous compensator also known as
synchronous condenser . A STATCOM is a
regulating device used on alternating current
electricity transmission network. It is based on a
power electronics voltage source converter.
 SVC:-
SVC stands for static variable
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Diagram of Static Variable Compensator (SVC)
SVC stands for static variable
compensator. SVC is a set of electrical devices
for providing fast acting reactive power on
high voltage electricity transmission system.
Elements which may be used to make SVC
typically include:
i. TCR where reactor or iron cored.
ii. TSR Thyristor switched reactor
iii. Harmonic filter
!V. TSC Thyristor switched capacitor

11.  Series shunt controller:-
• It is a combination of separate series and shunt
controllers, being operated in a coordinated manner. Hence, they are capable of
injecting current into the line using the shunt part and injecting series voltage
with the series part of the respective controller.
• It includes Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFC)
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12.  Series Series controller:-
• This category comprises of separate series controllers
controlled in a coordinated manner in the case of a multiline transmission
system. It can also be a unified controller in which the series controllers
perform the reactive power compensation in each line independently whereas
they facilitates real power exchange between the lines via the common DC link.
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• In unified series-series controllers like Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC), the
DC terminals of the controller converters are all connected together.

13. ADVANTAGES
1. Improving power transfer capability
2. Confining power flow to designated routes
3. Transient and dynamic stability improvement
4. Damping of power system oscillations
5. Better voltage regulation5. Better voltage regulation
6. Flexible operation and control of the system
7. Secure loading of the transmission lines close to their thermal limits
8. Prevention of cascading outages by contributing to emergency control

14. DISADVANTAGES
1. High initial cost
2. Joints required for contraction and expansion
3.Generally rough riding quality
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3.Generally rough riding quality
4. High repair cost

15. APPLICATIONS
• Power flow control,
• Increase of transmission capability,
• Voltage control,
• Reactive power compensation,
• Stability improvement,
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• Stability improvement,
• Power quality improvement,
• Power conditioning,
• Flicker mitigation,
• Interconnection of renewable and distributed generation and storages

16.  This paper has presented various FACTS controllers and analyze their
control attribute and benefits.
 FACTS , a new technology based on power electronics , offers an
opportunity to enhance controllability, stability and power transfer capability
CONCLUSION
opportunity to enhance controllability, stability and power transfer capability
of ac transmission system.
 The application of FACTS controllers throws up new challenges for
power engineers , not only in hardware implementation , but also in design
of robust control system, planning and analysis.