Presentation on Over-/under-voltage protection of electrical applianceNishant Kumar
Sudden fluctuation in supply is a very big problem in industries and domestic applications. It causes a major loss for industries, offices and homes.
This project gives a low cost and powerful solution for this problem. This Circuit protects refrigerators ,ACs, Microwave ovens as well as other appliances from over and under voltage fluctuations.
Power System protection and Metering,Types of Faults and effects,Symmetrical faults,Unsymmetrical faults,Fault Statics,Components of power System protection,Relay,Classification of Relay,Induction relay,thermal relay,Static Relay,Numerical Relay
Presentation on Over-/under-voltage protection of electrical applianceNishant Kumar
Sudden fluctuation in supply is a very big problem in industries and domestic applications. It causes a major loss for industries, offices and homes.
This project gives a low cost and powerful solution for this problem. This Circuit protects refrigerators ,ACs, Microwave ovens as well as other appliances from over and under voltage fluctuations.
Power System protection and Metering,Types of Faults and effects,Symmetrical faults,Unsymmetrical faults,Fault Statics,Components of power System protection,Relay,Classification of Relay,Induction relay,thermal relay,Static Relay,Numerical Relay
A switchgear or electrical switchgear is a generic term which includes all the switching devices associated with mainly power system protection. It also includes all devices associated with control, metering and regulating of electrical power system. Assembly of such devices in a logical manner forms a switchgear. This is the very basic definition of switchgear.
⋗To get more with details
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2SvKI7eepP241VLoui1D5A
This Presentation is about l.v switch gear design, presented during the graduation project final discussion 15/7/2018.
It presented a good summary of switch gear components and types and practicing on AL.HAMOOL W.T.P M.D.B design using SIEMENS SIVACON S8
Importance on switchgear, its teatings commesioning
saving on losses instad of using stat delta starter use of VFDs with same operation but savings in losses
The apparatus used for switching, controlling & protecting the electrical circuits & equipments are known as switchgear.
The switchgear equipments is essentially used with switching & interrupting currents either under normal or abnormal operating condition.
It consists of devices such as switches, fuses, circuit breakers, relays etc.
Basically every electric circuit needs a switching device & a protecting device.
Bus Bar protection Schemes,Simple Current differential scheme,Need for bus bar protection,requirement of bus bar protection,recommendations for providing bus bar protection,basics of busbar protection,Types of bus-bar protections,High speed differential protection
A switchgear or electrical switchgear is a generic term which includes all the switching devices associated with mainly power system protection. It also includes all devices associated with control, metering and regulating of electrical power system. Assembly of such devices in a logical manner forms a switchgear. This is the very basic definition of switchgear.
⋗To get more with details
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2SvKI7eepP241VLoui1D5A
This Presentation is about l.v switch gear design, presented during the graduation project final discussion 15/7/2018.
It presented a good summary of switch gear components and types and practicing on AL.HAMOOL W.T.P M.D.B design using SIEMENS SIVACON S8
Importance on switchgear, its teatings commesioning
saving on losses instad of using stat delta starter use of VFDs with same operation but savings in losses
The apparatus used for switching, controlling & protecting the electrical circuits & equipments are known as switchgear.
The switchgear equipments is essentially used with switching & interrupting currents either under normal or abnormal operating condition.
It consists of devices such as switches, fuses, circuit breakers, relays etc.
Basically every electric circuit needs a switching device & a protecting device.
Bus Bar protection Schemes,Simple Current differential scheme,Need for bus bar protection,requirement of bus bar protection,recommendations for providing bus bar protection,basics of busbar protection,Types of bus-bar protections,High speed differential protection
A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.
Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow.
i have complited the summer training from Bihar State Power Transmission Company LTD.where i learned a lots of thing about the Grid Substation and Various Type Of Component ,which is used in the Grid sub-station.
It describes about the circuit breaker and components and types of high voltage circuit breaker. It also explains about the working principle of the circuit breaker.
Air Blast & SF6 Circuit Breaker Design and Construction anuphowlader1
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow.
Circuit Breaker is one of the most important device in Power System.
This presentation gives general information about the working principle, types, advantages & Disadvantages, application of circuit breaker.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
1. Power System Protection Presentation
High Voltage Circuit Breakers: SF6 vs. Vacuum
Presented By:
Adeen Syed
2009-EE-391
2. Abstract
• The aim of this paper is to review the existing
different types of HV CB, comparing the most
commonly used, i.e. SF6 and Vacuum CB, which has
been developed and recently applied for HV, and
could become the future environmental friendly HV
CB.
3. Introduction
Circuit Breaker & its Principle:
• A switching device which can open or close a circuit and is achieved by the
separable contacts and allows to interrupt the current.
CBs can be grouped into following:
• air magnetic circuit breakers.
• air blast circuit breakers.
• oil circuit breakers.
• sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) circuit
breakers.
• vacuum circuit breakers.
4. SF6 Circuit Breakers
• SF6 CBs replaced oil and air CBs for HV applications due to its high
dielectric strength.
• The current continues flowing after contact separation through an arc
plasma of ionized SF6. A constant gas flow is directed to the arc that
extracts heat from it and so allows its extinction.
• The gas flow deionizes also the
contact gap and re-establishes
the required dielectric strength
to prevent an arc restrike.
5. Gas Flow in SF6 CBs
The direction of gas flow can either be:
• parallel.
• across the axis of the arc.
Cross gas flow cooling of the are is achieved by making the arc move in
the stationary gas.
Axial gas flow creates a turbulence
causing interaction b/w gas and plasma.
This needs, a differential pressure and is
created along the arc.
• Later, the arc energy was itself used to
create a differential pressure to reduce the
cost.
6. Vacuum CBs (VCB)
General Features:
•Contacts separate and current
flowing through electrodes initiate
a metal vapor arc discharge in the
contacts called the vacuum arc.
•It flows through the plasma. The
arc is then extinguished and the
conductive metal vapor condenses
on the metal surface.
7. Modes of Vacuum Arcs in VCBs
Different modes of vacuum arcs and depend on the current level and the
size of the contacts.
Diffuse Mode:
•This is assumed at lower currents. Here one or more cathode spots move
constantly over the contact surface. These spots repel each other and have
a finite and variable lifetime.
Constricted Mode:
•The arc changes in appearance with the changing current and the plasma
is focused on a small area of the electrode, about 1 cm2, so instead of
multiple moving cathode spots the appearance is a constricted mode.
8. Modes of Vacuum Arcs Contd.
• Transition from diffuse to constricted mode occurs between 10 and 15
kA depending on the size of the contact and the material . Constricted
mode has some disadvantages - the interruption of the current is difficult
and produces severe erosion on contacts.
• To overcome this the root must be
moved over the contact surface by the
appropriate shape of the contacts called
the “radial magnetic field or spiral
contacts” so that the current flowing
through them results in a radial magnetic
field. This rotate the arc root rapidly
around the contact resulting in a uniform
heat distribution over its surface.
10. MV Application in VCB
Medium voltage is where VCB has its wide applications
ranging between 5 to 38 kV.
Both the diffuse and constricted modes of arc is found
here and the switching of arc from one form to other is
done by subjecting it to radial or transverse magnetic
field.
11. HV Application in VCB
• At high voltage, the arc adopts a constricted form and arc quenching
is more difficult. As the size of the contacts will be large enough for
HV application to transition from diffused to constricted will not be
achieved by radial magnetic field.
• Hence for HV, axial magnetic
field through the axial magnetic
field electrodes is applied by
leading the arc current through a
coil arranged outside the
vacuum chamber.
12. Comparison b/w SF6 and VCB
SF6 CBS
•Use SF6 as a quenching media.
•Better dielectric strength.
•Reduce the size of electrical
equipment.
•SF6 is inert, nonflammable,
noncorrosive, odorless and non-toxic
gas.
•Labelled as one of the major global
warming gases.
•Less cost.
•Difficult to maintain.
VCB
•Quenching media is vacuum.
•Environment friendly.
•Simple construction and small
number of components.
•Long operation live in terms of high
number of operating cycles.
•Compact size and light weight.
•High dielectric resistance recovery
after zero current.
•No risk of explosion or fire.
•More cost.
•Easily maintenance.
14. Conclusion
• Power demand is growing day by day so it is
important t develop new CB technology.
Compromise is must when it comes to the CB
selection.