The paper investigates factors that influence student performance in online and campus-based courses as measured by final course grade. It focuses on the relationship between e-learning tools (like discussion forums and chats) and performance. The paper studies how perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, computer self-efficacy, computer anxiety, and ability to work independently correlate with course grade. It finds that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and ability to work independently significantly predict grade. The paper aims to explore how e-learning tools affect performance, rather than compare online to campus-based courses.

1. IT ELECTRONIC GROUP
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT, IIUM
INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR MANAGERS (INFO6600)
Journal Review:
E-Learning Tools and Student Performance
Q.1) How is this journal linked to MIT?
The journal is linked to Management Information System because all form of information
technology related to administration and management is MIT. The name of the journal is
Journal of information technology education, it reflects that the journal beers information
about technology education.
Actually education /learning is a part of management, the journal beers information about
technology education so this journal is linked with MIT.
Another important information about this journal is that the most authors’ writing in this
journal their field is MIT.
Q.2 why did your group pick this journal?
Our group found the articles of the journal are important for our learning, that’s why our
group picked this jo
Why do our group choose the article means the importance of the article :-
User acceptance of E –learning tools in online and campus based classrooms has been an
important field of study for over two decades now. Although many models have been
proposed to explain and predict the use of a system,
the Technology Acceptance Model has been the only one which has captured the most
Attention of the Information Systems community. Thus, it is essential for anyone willing to
study user acceptance of technology to have an understanding of the Technology
Acceptance
Model. This article provides a historical overview of the Technology Acceptance Model
(TAM) by summarizing the evolution of TAM, its key applications, extensions, limitations,
and criticisms from a selective list of published articles on the model. Current observations
indicate that although TAM is a highly cited model, researchers share mixed opinions
regarding its theoretical assumptions, and practical effectiveness. It is concluded that
research
in TAM lacks sufficient rigor and relevance that would make it a well established theory for
the Information system(IS) community.

2. IT ELECTRONIC GROUP
Q.3) what are the main ideas of the paper?
It’s a study investigates the factors influencing student performance as reflected by their final
course grade Focusing on e-learning tools and their relationship to student performance in both
online and campus-based classes. Data for this study were collected from students pursuing a
Bachelor of Business Administration, who were given the choice of enrolling in either the online
section or campus based classroom section of the same course during the Fall Semester of
2009. Students’ performance in this study was based on multiple assessment measures
including exams, discussion, and individual project-based work, in this study, e-learning tools
are defined as the electronic delivery of learning materials and instruction over the internet
such as(discussion forums and chat). The investigators determine 4 components used as a
framework to measure the effectiveness of using e-learning tools as the following:
perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use:
Perceived usefulness is the extent to which a person believes that using the system will
enhance his or her job performance.
Perceived ease of use is the extent to which a person believes that using the system will be free
of efforts.
Computer Self Efficacy
Self efficacy is a person’s perception regarding his or her ability to successfully execute a
behavior required in accomplishing a desired outcome
Computer Anxiety
Computer anxiety is the Inclination of an individual to have a negative reaction while
considering computer usage.
Ability to work independently( WORK)
Work is the self-management of studies by working on one’s own initiative where a student
takes more responsibility for his or her own learning.

3. IT ELECTRONIC GROUP
Therefore the following hypothesis was formulated to explore the relationship between the
performance and the above mentioned components:
H1: Perceived Ease of Use of e-learning tools will have a statistically significant correlation to
the course grade a student will achieve.
H2: Perceived Usefulness of e-learning tools will have a statistically significant correlation to the
course grade a student will achieve.
H3: Computer Self-Efficacy will have a statistically significant correlation to the course grade a
student will achieve.
H4: Computer Anxiety will have a statistically significant correlation to the course grade a
student will achieve.
H5: The Ability to Work Independently will have a statistically significant correlation to the
course grade a student will achieve.
Finally the study demonstrated that PU, PEU and WORK were shown to be indeed related to
final course grades; therefore H1, H2 and H5 do play an important role in performance in both
online and campus based courses. This study did not find any statistically significant difference
between the final grades of the two groups, thereby indicating that students were able to
attain the course learning objectives at an equivalent level in both online and campus-based
sections using similar e-learning tools despite of this study was not concerned with finding any
differences in performance between online and campus-based courses but aimed to explore
the effects of e-learning tools on performance.
Q.4) How does the paper relate to any organization that you know?

4. IT ELECTRONIC GROUP
Q.5)What are the main lessons learned from the paper?
The proliferation of the personal computer was possible because of the applications
written for it. The continuous creation of new applications has created ample ground to
test the technology. Acceptance model to determine how a user will decide to adopt such
applications. The recent escalation of delivering online education via the Internet has again
sparked a new dimension of information systems. This has given rise to research using the
Technology Acceptance Model for applications in the Education fields.
Today’s modern classroom, whether online or campus based, uses e-learning Management
System that capture student cognition and engages them in the learning process via
technology, while increasing their need for self-directedness. In view of this, the present
study also considers the students, ability to work independently.
The results of the statistical analysis used in this study revealed marked differences in
student perceptions of e-learning tools between students who choose to an online course
and students who preferred to take the campus-based section. Additionally, Perceived
Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and the students’ ability to work independently were all
statistically significant factors in predicting students/ final grades.
E-learning defined as a computer networked technology to provide course material and
content (Welsh, Wanberg, Brown & Simmering 2003). The Sloan Consortium has
conducted annual reports concerning DE trends in the United States. Sloan – C provides the
following definitions that are useful in distinguishing classroom types:
- Traditional – Course without online technology used; therefore, 0% of content is
delivered online,
- Web Facilitated - Courses that used web-based technology to facilitate what is
essentially a face-to-face course and may use a Learning Management System or
web pages to post syllabus and assignments. Less than 30% of the content is
delivered online.
- Blended/Hybrid – Substantial proportion of content is delivered online, typically
uses online discussions and has a reduced number of face-to-face meetings. 30-
79% of the content is delivered online,
- Online –More than 80% of the content is delivered online. Typically there are no
face-to-face meetings.
Additionally, current trends in education confirm that instructors are shifting away from
authoritarian and non interactive courses. Students have gained control in their course

5. IT ELECTRONIC GROUP
with the aid of two way communication, as well as group-oriented activities. Student self-
directed courses use audio, videotapes, and other web-based recourse
Q.6) What are some limitations of the paper in your view and how can these be addressed?
There are several limitations that have been recognized from this paper. For an example
are the study was limited only to one campus only where the sample are the Hispanic
student population. Therefore, the result cannot be generalize to more culturally diverse
population. In practice, the sample size used in a study is determined based on the expense
of data collection and the need to have sufficient statistical power.
This limitation can be addressed by increase the volume of sample size, so that it will
provide more insight into various e- learning tools and their relationship to performance.
Larger sample sizes generally lead to increased precision. the sample size also must have
concluded students from various majors and different background such age , skills and
experience.
Other than that, this paper also limit the sample to instructors who kept both of these
sections as similar as possible, using the same text and almost identical course content. For
future research, we gave to spread it to others instructors.
This paper choose to take grades as the performance measure. This only limit the result of
the study. Researcher can use other method in order to measure the result such as course
satisfaction, by using questionnaires. A questionnaire is essentially a structured technique
for collecting primary data. It is generally a series of written question for which the
respondent has to provide the answer. Other method is by using interview. Interview are
useful tool which can lead to further research using other methodologies such as
observation and experiment. Interview can have one of two basic structures: they can be
either structured or unstructured. Thus, more than one method will provide a well
rounded, richer study.
We also can implementing testing before and after a student participates in a course with e-
learning tools to measure the differential gains of student perception of e- learning tools.
This paper suggest that for future research, we can try to investigate the effectiveness of
hybrid courses to determined the best combination of campus based versus Distance
Education interactions.