The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Experimental Comparison Study for Savonius Wind Turbine of Two & Three Blades...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Experimental Comparison Study for Savonius Wind Turbine of Two & Three Blades...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
In this slide, 8 parameters are being considered to define the wind turbine blade efficiency and finally I have concluded some of the best conditions to get the optimum efficiency.
Analyzed, optimized, and prototyped design patented by Dr. Gecheng Zha of a carbon fiber VAWT; unique in its usage of a concentric outer ring of fixed stator blades which direct and accelerate airflow. Achieved optimized turbine efficiency of 22.25% (a 57.15% increase over base-model efficiency).
Advisor: Dr. Gecheng Zha.
Among the Renewable Energy Sources, Wind Energy is taken up with careful prior efforts before implementation as it requires all capital and technical inputs before payback starts. However, it is a clean source of electric power compared to coal based thermal power. India is a country that has made progress in wind power investment.
Airfoil linear wind generator (alwg) as a novel wind energy extraction approachijmech
Linear wind generator (LWG) is a sufficient way of wind energy harnessing process. However, complicated
LWG energy extraction mechanism such as complex system for transferring linear motion to rotational
motion and problems related to changing the angle of attack is resulted to energy dissipation. In the other
hand the linear generator that delivers ocean wave energy to electricity has been developed as a new renewable energy extraction method. Some of the problems associated with this technology are corrosion,
high cost of manufacturing, high requirement for installation and construction, economical consideration,etc. In the most recent works, low dissipation energy in mechanism, low cost, simplicity and high performance are highly regarded as environmentally friendly methods for wind energy extraction mechanisms. In the current study, we would like to introduce a new and efficient method to extract wind energy using airfoil linear wind generator(ALWG). ALWG is a new method that produces liner reciprocating motion via attached airfoils to a mover in a magnetic field in order to generate electricity.The most important advantage of ALWG is its simplicity and its compatibility to all wind situations that can be more controllable relative to ocean-based and also relative to LWG that become challengeable problem.
Impact of Different Wake Models on the Estimation of Wind Farm Power GenerationWeiyang Tong
For citations, please refer to the journal version of this paper,
by Tong et al., "Sensitivity of Wind Farm Output to Wind Conditions, Land Configuration, and Installed Capacity, Under Different Wake Models", J. Mech. Des. 137(6), 061403 (Jun 01, 2015) (11 pages), Paper No: MD-14-1339; doi: 10.1115/1.4029892
available at:
http://mechanicaldesign.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=2173776
The turbo machine is an energy conversion device which converts mechanical energy to kinetic/pressure energy or vice versa. The conversion is done through the dynamic interaction between a continuously flowing fluid and rotating machine component. Turbo machines comprise various types of fans, blowers, compressors, pumps, turbines etc. More and more experimental research work is available in the field of turbo machine design and its evaluation. Literature review has revealed that a few literatures are available on three dimensional numerical analysis of a centrifugal fan/blower. Literature review in present work is highly focused on centrifugal blower and use of CFD techniques in turbo machines. In this course of work, input parameters and design parameters of centrifugal blower is obtained as per church and Osborne design methodology developed by Kinnari Shah, PROF. NitinVibhakar. Fluid model is made as per this design data in PRO-E SOFTWARE. And this fluid model is simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach in ANSYS (CFX). Numerical analysis carried out in this work is to understand the flow characteristics at design and off-design conditions under varying mass flow rates, varying rotational speeds and number of blades in both design methodology. This numerical analysis is under consideration of steady flow and for rotational domain (frozen rotor interference) is used. Performance curves are obtained under different variable inlet parameters like volume flow rate, rotational speed and number of impeller blades. Here mass flow rate as a inlet boundary condition and static pressure as a outlet boundary condition. Volume flow rate is changed by changing the mass flow rate at inlet. Overall work carried out on flow behaviour and performance graphs for different cases are discussed in length in results and discussions chapter. Comparative evaluation of two design method indicates that error in static pressure gradient is higher in Osborne design rather than church design, and performance parameters are better for church design than the Osborne design.
Secure and efficient management of confidential data in the decentralized dis...theijes
Mobile Nodes in some difficult areas subjected to intermittent network property and frequent partitions for e.g. battlefield. Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN) technologies are designed to specific situations wherever it will tolerate noise, attacks etc which means that nodes will get confidential information with none loss. Many application situations need a security for data that has secure access to information hold on in storage nodes at intervals a DTN or to contents of the messages routed through the network. Here, we have a tendency to use a way that allows secure access of data that is referred to as Ciphertext Policy Attributed-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) approach. There are many problems during this state of affairs. Some of those are control of policies needed for correct authentication of user and therefore the policies to retrieve the information. Therefore we have a tendency to use a promising solution i.e. Ciphertext-policy attribute-based encoding (CP-ABE) to resolve the problem of accessing information. But, by applying CP-ABE in decentralized DTNs results into many security and privacy challenges with reference to the attribute revocation, key escrow, and coordination of attributes issued from multiple authorities. Here, we have a tendency to propose a secure and efficient management of data within the decentralized Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN) wherever multiple key authorities severally manage their attributes.
Photovoltaic subpanel converter system With Mppt controltheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
In this slide, 8 parameters are being considered to define the wind turbine blade efficiency and finally I have concluded some of the best conditions to get the optimum efficiency.
Analyzed, optimized, and prototyped design patented by Dr. Gecheng Zha of a carbon fiber VAWT; unique in its usage of a concentric outer ring of fixed stator blades which direct and accelerate airflow. Achieved optimized turbine efficiency of 22.25% (a 57.15% increase over base-model efficiency).
Advisor: Dr. Gecheng Zha.
Among the Renewable Energy Sources, Wind Energy is taken up with careful prior efforts before implementation as it requires all capital and technical inputs before payback starts. However, it is a clean source of electric power compared to coal based thermal power. India is a country that has made progress in wind power investment.
Airfoil linear wind generator (alwg) as a novel wind energy extraction approachijmech
Linear wind generator (LWG) is a sufficient way of wind energy harnessing process. However, complicated
LWG energy extraction mechanism such as complex system for transferring linear motion to rotational
motion and problems related to changing the angle of attack is resulted to energy dissipation. In the other
hand the linear generator that delivers ocean wave energy to electricity has been developed as a new renewable energy extraction method. Some of the problems associated with this technology are corrosion,
high cost of manufacturing, high requirement for installation and construction, economical consideration,etc. In the most recent works, low dissipation energy in mechanism, low cost, simplicity and high performance are highly regarded as environmentally friendly methods for wind energy extraction mechanisms. In the current study, we would like to introduce a new and efficient method to extract wind energy using airfoil linear wind generator(ALWG). ALWG is a new method that produces liner reciprocating motion via attached airfoils to a mover in a magnetic field in order to generate electricity.The most important advantage of ALWG is its simplicity and its compatibility to all wind situations that can be more controllable relative to ocean-based and also relative to LWG that become challengeable problem.
Impact of Different Wake Models on the Estimation of Wind Farm Power GenerationWeiyang Tong
For citations, please refer to the journal version of this paper,
by Tong et al., "Sensitivity of Wind Farm Output to Wind Conditions, Land Configuration, and Installed Capacity, Under Different Wake Models", J. Mech. Des. 137(6), 061403 (Jun 01, 2015) (11 pages), Paper No: MD-14-1339; doi: 10.1115/1.4029892
available at:
http://mechanicaldesign.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/article.aspx?articleid=2173776
The turbo machine is an energy conversion device which converts mechanical energy to kinetic/pressure energy or vice versa. The conversion is done through the dynamic interaction between a continuously flowing fluid and rotating machine component. Turbo machines comprise various types of fans, blowers, compressors, pumps, turbines etc. More and more experimental research work is available in the field of turbo machine design and its evaluation. Literature review has revealed that a few literatures are available on three dimensional numerical analysis of a centrifugal fan/blower. Literature review in present work is highly focused on centrifugal blower and use of CFD techniques in turbo machines. In this course of work, input parameters and design parameters of centrifugal blower is obtained as per church and Osborne design methodology developed by Kinnari Shah, PROF. NitinVibhakar. Fluid model is made as per this design data in PRO-E SOFTWARE. And this fluid model is simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach in ANSYS (CFX). Numerical analysis carried out in this work is to understand the flow characteristics at design and off-design conditions under varying mass flow rates, varying rotational speeds and number of blades in both design methodology. This numerical analysis is under consideration of steady flow and for rotational domain (frozen rotor interference) is used. Performance curves are obtained under different variable inlet parameters like volume flow rate, rotational speed and number of impeller blades. Here mass flow rate as a inlet boundary condition and static pressure as a outlet boundary condition. Volume flow rate is changed by changing the mass flow rate at inlet. Overall work carried out on flow behaviour and performance graphs for different cases are discussed in length in results and discussions chapter. Comparative evaluation of two design method indicates that error in static pressure gradient is higher in Osborne design rather than church design, and performance parameters are better for church design than the Osborne design.
Secure and efficient management of confidential data in the decentralized dis...theijes
Mobile Nodes in some difficult areas subjected to intermittent network property and frequent partitions for e.g. battlefield. Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN) technologies are designed to specific situations wherever it will tolerate noise, attacks etc which means that nodes will get confidential information with none loss. Many application situations need a security for data that has secure access to information hold on in storage nodes at intervals a DTN or to contents of the messages routed through the network. Here, we have a tendency to use a way that allows secure access of data that is referred to as Ciphertext Policy Attributed-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) approach. There are many problems during this state of affairs. Some of those are control of policies needed for correct authentication of user and therefore the policies to retrieve the information. Therefore we have a tendency to use a promising solution i.e. Ciphertext-policy attribute-based encoding (CP-ABE) to resolve the problem of accessing information. But, by applying CP-ABE in decentralized DTNs results into many security and privacy challenges with reference to the attribute revocation, key escrow, and coordination of attributes issued from multiple authorities. Here, we have a tendency to propose a secure and efficient management of data within the decentralized Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN) wherever multiple key authorities severally manage their attributes.
Photovoltaic subpanel converter system With Mppt controltheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Application of Mobile Computing In Tertiary Institutions: Case Study of Midla...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems in the Implementation ...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Determining Measurement Uncertainty Parameters for Calibration Processestheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Benefits and Challenges of Implementing Carbon Capture and Sequestration Tech...theijes
This paper reviews the state of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, the potential benefits and challenges of
implementing Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) technology in Nigeria as a means of mitigating the
threat posed in emitting CO2. In 2010 Nigeria was ranked 44th by the International Energy Agency (IEA) for
emitting about 80.51 million metric tons of CO2 annually. In this paper, the three different stages that constitute
carbon capture and sequestration are discussed individually, and then the potential for their integration into a
commercial scale CCS process is considered. CCS technology shows promising possibility for application in
plants that emit large amounts of CO2 and also considered are some technological improvements to capture
CO2 from air, as the technology can be applied for removing CO2 directly from the atmosphere and thus
reducing the effect of emissions from vehicles and other moving sources. The development and deployment of
CCS in Nigeria will be very significant in ensuring that we are able to meet increasing energy demand and keep
the lights on whilst minimizing the environmental damage. The market for CCS in Nigeria is likely to be
measured in $billions with the potential of creating over 100,000 jobs.
Physico – Chemical and Bacteriological Analysis of Well Water at Crescent Roa...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
As India’s population continues to grow, more citizens will move to cities. Experts predict that about 25-30 people will migrate every minute to major Indian cities from rural areas in search of better livelihood and better lifestyles. It is estimated that by the year 2050, the number of people living in Indian cities will touch 843 million. To accommodate this massive urbanization, India needs to find smarter ways to manage complexities, reduce expenses, increase efficiency and improve the quality of life.
Onto-Ethological Studies: How an Environmental Imaginary Envisions a Shared H...theijes
Jakob Von Uexkull’s groundbreaking work on the Umwelt discusses how alive creatures have a wall of senses. I
seek to extend his theories by applying them to what I call the human-beagle Umwelt. Sources will be used from
environmental imaginaries because they have the theories and the requisite knowledge of abstraction. These
ideas are not necessarily readily apparent or even obvious since most people do not think about animals and
environments this way. Therefore, we need environmental imaginaries, to help us think about beagles, in
terms of what their lives, are really like in relation to our own. Ordinarily, we tend to view beagles, in
comparison to our lives, and how these animals can serve us. Of course, this limits our view about their very
potential and undercuts our ability to know, understand, and to fully appreciate beagles. Beagles, like humans,
are actually shaped and influenced by their landscapes. We can consider the beagle’s body type, voice, lifestyle,
and how these specific things compliment an environment. The beagle has become central to human survival
and at times, the beagle’s powerful nose is an extension of our bodies, the way that a cane is central to
the blind, or to the disabled. Therefore, humans and the beagle share a joint Umwelt as the beagle’s heightened
sense of smell is used by humans to become an extension of our human sense. My journal entries should help to
further illustrate some of the abstract ideas gathered from the scholarly sources.
Challenges to the Implementation of It Governace in Zimbabwean Parastatalstheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Basian-Markovian Principle in Fitting of Linear Curvetheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Study of Incidence and Etiology of Prolapse at Rural Based Teaching Hospitaltheijes
In our country as large number of woman deliver at home, usually conducted by untrained dias, incidence of prolapse is higher. The etiology of prolapse was discussed by ARETAEUS, a Greek physician who believed procedentiato be result of weakness of ligaments of the uterus. There are multiple etiological factors in the developed of prolapse. Diagnosis of prolapse at the earliest will help to reduce the complications of prolapse as well as continue child bearing function of the young woman.
Numerical Simulation of Bumper Impact Analysis and To Improve Design for Cras...theijes
The major concern in design of bumper is their potentiality to bear impact loads. Therefore, bumper impact test is required to fulfill the safety requirement. In development of bumper systems for the automotive industry, iterative Finite Element (FE) simulations are normally used to find a bumper design that meets the requirements of crash performance. The crash performance of a bumper system is normally verified by results from standardized low speed crash tests based on common crash situations. Explicit finite element method is used to investigate stress and effective plastic strain of bumper at impact. Design modification is applied to the bumper to improve its impact performance.
The concept of Photo catalysis is being incorporated into catalytic converter to increase the efficiency as well
as to reduce the production cost. Conventional converters make use of surface catalyst process using noble
metals like palladium and rhodium. Our concept works based on photo catalytic reactions by Titanium dioxide
and Zinc oxide thereby reducing the NOx emissions and CO emissions. Development of this proposal will reduce
the fabrication cost of catalytic converter as well as lay seeds of foundation for the future of photocatalytic
converters.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
APPLYING CONCENTRATED SOLUTION OF PALM SUGAR + 5% NaCl PRIOR TO EXERCISING AN...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Combinatorial Identities Related To Root Supermultiplicities In Some Borcherd...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Brimmed diffuser is collection�acceleration device which shrouds a wind turbine.For a given turbine di ameter,the power augmentation can be achieved by brimmed diffuser,p opularly known as wind lens. The present numerical investigation deals with the effect of low pressure region created by wind l ens and hence to analyze the strong vortices formed by a brim attached to the shroud diffuser at exit. Also in this analysis,a c omparative numerical prediction of mass flow rates through the wind turbine has been carried out with various types of wind lens wh ich in turn helps to optimize the torque augmentati on. It has been numerically proved that there is significant increase in the wa ke formation & vortex strength when brimming effect is added to a diffuser
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Review of a Shrouded Wind Turbine for Low Wind Speedsdbpublications
The use of renewable energy is promoted
worldwide to be less dependent on fossil fuels
andnuclear energy. Therefore research in the field
is driven to increase efficiency of renewable energy
systems. This study aimed to develop a wind
turbine for low wind speeds. The extent of power
increase, or augmentation, the factors influencing
shrouded wind turbine performance, the optimal
geometry and economical benefit remained
unanswered.
The most important matter at hand when dealing
with a shrouded wind turbine is to determine if the
overall diameter or the blade diameter of the
turbine should be the point of reference. As the
wind turbine is situated in a shroud that has a larger
diameter than the turbine blades, some researchers
believe that the overall diameter should be used to
calculate the efficiency Theory was revised to
determine the available energy in the shroud after
initial calculations showed that the power
coefficients should have been higher than the open
wind turbine with the same total diameter. A new
equation was derived to predict the available
energy in a shroud.
An Overview of Wind Power Generation and Design Aspects in Indiaijiert bestjournal
There is huge activity in wind power,pan-India with the instal led capacity increasing to 10,000MW. India today has the fifth largest installed capacity of wind power in the world w ith 11087MW installed capacity and potential for on-shore capabilities of 65000MW. However the plant load factor (PLF) in wi nd power generation is very low,often in the single digits. The increase in interest in wind energy is due to inves tment subsidies,tax holidays,and government action towards renewable energy playing a big part in nation�s energy system. T here is a need to generate environment friendly power that not only raises energy efficiency and is sustainable too. The time has come for moving to generation based subsidies and understanding the drawbacks associated with wind power in India. The capital cost of wind power is third higher than Conventional thermal power;further electrical problems like v oltage flicker and variable frequency affect the implementation of wind farm. However advances in technologies such as offshore construction of wind turbines,advanced control methodologies,and simulation of wind energy affecting over all grid performance are making a case for wind energy.
Design of PVC Bladed Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine for Low Wind Speed RegionIJERA Editor
The Project is aimed at designing a wind turbine that can be able to build by Laypersons, using readily available material which is feasible & affordable to provide much needed electricity. Since most of the high wind power density regions in the zone of high wind speed are already being tapped by large scale wind turbine and so it required creating a large scope for the development of low wind speed turbines. Our study focuses primarily on designing the blade for tapping power in the regions of low wind power density. The aerodynamic profiles of wind turbine blades have major influence on aerodynamic efficiency of wind turbine. This can be achieved by comparing the effectiveness of a crude blade fashioned from a different Size, Material & standard of PVC drainage pipe which are easily available in market. It can be evaluated by performing experimental analysis, data collection & its evaluation on different type & size of PVC Pipe & preparing an analytical tool for best Design.
Expression and Calculation of Betz Constant for Expanding Air Streamijtsrd
The key hypothesis of plan and activity of wind turbines is inferred in light of a first standards approach involving protection of mass and preservation of energy in a breeze stream. A point by point induction of the Betz Equation and the Betz Criterion or Betz Limit is introduced, and its nuances, bits of knowledge as well as the entanglements in its inference and application are talked about. The hypothesis that is created applies to both flat and vertical pivot wind turbines. The power coefficient of a breeze turbine is characterized and is connected with the Betz Limit. A depiction of the ideal rotor tip speed proportion of a breeze turbine is likewise introduced. This is contrasted and a depiction in light of Schmitz whirlpool proportions representing the various misfortunes and efficiencies experienced in the activity of wind energy change frameworks. The hypothetical and an amended diagram of the different breeze turbine functional systems and designs, relating the power coefficient to the rotor tip speed proportion are shown. The overall normal standards hidden breeze, hydroelectric and nuclear power transformation are talked about. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji "Expression and Calculation of Betz Constant for Expanding Air Stream" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59654.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/59654/expression-and-calculation-of-betz-constant-for-expanding-air-stream/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji
Similar to Power Generation through the Wind Energy Using Convergent Nozzle (20)
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Fundamentals of Electric Drives and its applications.pptx
Power Generation through the Wind Energy Using Convergent Nozzle
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
|| Volume || 4 || Issue || 11 || Pages || PP -24-27|| 2015 ||
ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 24
Power Generation through the Wind Energy Using Convergent
Nozzle
SANDEEP JAIN
MTech Scholar, SIRT Bhopal (M.P.)
--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-----------------------------------------------------------
The title power generation through the wind energy using convergent nozzle, is the new form of wind energy
plant. Under this scheme new wind power plant is modified by using convergent nozzle. That nozzle increase
the pressure of the wind, and that pressurized winds are sticks on the fan. That is increase the speed of the
blade, and power generation ratio of the plants are also increase. There are major role of the nozzle in
generation of electricity in large scales. In this plant nozzle is setup in the front way of the wind direction and
the single base plant is moved according to the wind direction. That nozzles design is uniformly varying
sectional view and concentrates at the wind blades. And remain all the instruments are setups in the single
shaft. And plant is setups in the single base movable with base pillar. The pillar is fixed and energy generation
plants are movable with the pillar.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date of Submission: 10 October 2015 Date of Accepted: 16 November 2015
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wind power
Wind power is extracted from air flow using wind turbines or sails to produce mechanical or electrical
power. Windmills are used for their mechanical power, wind pumps for water pumping, and sails to
propel ships. Wind energy as an alternative to fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean,
produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation and uses little land. The effects on the environment are
generally less problematic than those from other power sources.
Large wind farms consist of thousands of individual wind turbines which are connected to
the transmission net work. According to the recent EU analysis for new constructions, onshore wind is an
inexpensive source of electricity, competitive with or in many places cheaper than coal, gas or fossil fuel
plants. Offshore wind is steadier and stronger than on land, and offshore farms have less visual impact, but
construction and maintenance costs are considerably higher. Small onshore wind farms can feed some energy
into the grid or provide electricity to isolated off-grid locations.
Wind power is very consistent from year to year but has significant variation over shorter time scales. It
is therefore used in conjunction with other sources to give a reliable supply. As the proportion of wind power in
a region increases, a need to upgrade the grid and a lowered ability to supplant conventional production
canoccur. Power management techniques such as having excess capacity storage, geographically distributed
turbines, dispatch able backing sources, storage such as pumped, exporting and importing power to neighboring
areas or reducing demand when wind production is low, can greatly mitigate these problems. In
addition, weather forecasting permits the electricity network to be readied for the predictable variations in
production that occur.
Definition
Power generation through the wind energy using convergent nozzle is the process of generation of
electricity through the wind energy power generation plant by using convergent nozzle at the entrance of air at
the blade of the wind energy plant.
Wind Nozzle Design
Our proposed method of improving turbine efficiency is to put a duct around the turbine, often termed
as Nozzle Augmented Wind Turbine (NAWT), an improvement to the conventional open rotor Horizontal Axis
Wind Turbine (HAWT). NAWTs employ a duct around the HAWT that decreases in the area as it extends after.
The purpose is to increase the mass flow through the blades and hence increase the power extracted for a given
rotor size. The Wind Nozzle concept is a ducted rotor design. In contrast to an open rotor, such as the Bergey
Turbine the rotor is enclosed in a duct. The Wind Nozzle also utilizes an increased blade number and does not
need an additional tail to keep it aligned into the wind. The current configuration utilizes a nozzle to increase the
2. Power Generation through the Wind Energy…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 25
power produced by an open rotor turbine. This concept combines several concepts into a functionally attractive
design to eliminate the need for higher wind velocity and larger height. This design improves efficiency by
accelerating the wind through turbine blades and carries more dynamic energy. One such method of improving
turbine efficiency is a nozzle augmented wind turbine (NAWT) as an improvement to the conventional
horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT). A nozzle augmented wind turbine (NAWT) has a bucket-shaped duct
that surrounds the wind turbine blades and this enhances the turbine to run more efficiently than traditional
open-bladed systems by extracting more energy from the wind. In nozzle type arrangement the inlet diameter is
larger than the outlet diameter; due to this the air velocity at the inlet is low. When it comes to the outlet, the
velocity gets increased due to a reduction of area, at the same time air starts to flow in all directions. In order to
bring the air in the horizontal direction cylinder is connected at the outlet side of the nozzle. So the air is
concentrated to the narrow path of the cylinder with increased velocity.
In nozzle type wind turbines this principle is used to increase the wind velocity. From Figure the
velocity of air at the inlet is V1. This wind is concentrated to the cylinder with a velocity of V2. Due to the
Bernoulli’s principle velocity of air at the cylinder is greater than the inlet velocity (V1) by using nozzle type
wind turbines. The diameter of the nozzle of its inlet is D1; Diameter of the cylinder at its outlet is D2. Tapering
angle is denoted as θ. Length of the nozzle and the cylinder is LN and LC. In case of conventional wind mills,
blades are directly driven by wind. When wind velocity decreases the blade speed also decreases. This decrease
in the blade speed is insufficient to produce power but in nozzle type wind mills the velocity of the air is
increased by the nozzle and it operates at low wind velocity also. So we can generate power even at low wind
speed. This nozzle utilizes a decreased number of blades and does not need any tail to keep it aligned into the
wind. Studies on NAWT show that a sucking effect can be produced according to the Bernoulli’s principle and
this significantly increases the wind speed inside the duct and substantially enhances the efficiency of the wind
turbine. NAWT equipped with an aerodynamically designed nozzle demonstrated power augmentation for a
given turbine diameter and wind speed by a factor of about 5–6 is compared to standard micro wind turbine. Our
NAWT design is also safer due to the shroud with no lunar or solar flicker, blade/ice throw and is avoidable to
birds and bats. Even more attractive is the potential for operational flexibility afforded by the nozzle, enabling
the useful power generation at lower and higher wind velocities, and simpler control features.
Analysis of nozzle velocity
The relation between velocity and radius in free vortex is obtained by putting the value of external
torque equal to zero or the time rate of change of angular momentum is moment of momentum must be zero.
Consider air particle of mass ‘m’ at radial distance r from the axis of rotation having a tangential velocity V.
Then,
Time rate of change of angular momentum = t(mVr)/ t
Integrating we get
3. Power Generation through the Wind Energy…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 26
mVr = constant or Vr = constant / m = constant … (1)
Equation of motion for vortex flow
Consider a wind element ABCD shown in Figure 2 (shaded), rotating at a uniform velocity in a horizontal plane
about an axis perpendicular to the plane of paper and passing through O
. Let r = Radius of the element from O
= Angle subtended by the element at O
r = Radial thickness of the element.
∆A = Area of cross section of element
The forces acting on the element are
(a) Pressure force, p∆A, on the face AB.
(b) Pressure force,( (p+ r p/r) ∆r) ∆A on the face CD.
(c) Centrifugal force, mV 2/ r acting in the direction away from the centre O.
Now, the mass of element = mass density × volume
= ρ × ∆A × ∆ r
Centrifugal force = ρ∆A ∆ r V 2/2
Equating the forces in the radial direction, we get
( (p+ r p / r)∆r) ∆A -p∆A = ρ∆A∆r V2/r
Cancelling r × ∆A from both sides, we get
rp/r = ρ(V 2/r) … (2)
Equating (1) gives the pressure variation along the radial direction for a forced or free vortex flow in a
horizontal plane. The expression p/r is called pressure gradient in the radial direction. As p/r is positive,
hence pressure increase with the increase of radius ‘r’. The pressure ‘p’ varies with respect to r. p = ρ r V 2 r
… (3)
Consider two points 1 and 2 in the air (wind) having radius r1 and r2 from the central axial respectively as
shown in Fig.2. Integrating the above equation for the points 1 and 2, we get
+
Equation (4) is Bernoulli’s equation. Hence in case of free vortex flow Bernoulli’s equation is applicable in the
nozzle velocity is increase in the pressure decrease.
Design Analysis of Nozzle Using CFD
The tapering angle plays a key role in determining the output wind velocity of nozzle. Hence it is
important to choose this angle properly while designing the nozzle aerodynamically. With the help of the well-
known CFD software FLUENT (by ANSYS) we analyzed various tapering angle and which has the maximum
constant output velocity. The constant wind velocity of 27.309 m/s is obtained by the input wind velocity of 5
m/s when it is applied in the nozzle wind turbine with the taper angle of 38.66 degrees. Here the range of the
output velocity is constant, and hence no oscillations are present and it is shown in Figures The diameter of the
front end of the cone is 2m. The diameter of the rear end of the hollow cylinder is 0.4m. The length of the
hollow cylinder is 0.4m and that of the tapering length of the cone is 1m. The total length of the nozzle wind
turbine with tapering angle 38.66 degrees is 1.4 m.
Combined with the wind turbine, the frame structure and the enhanced nozzle shape of the duct design,
a model of the ducted wind turbine was designed and manufactured. This turbine consists of a rotating part, and
the completed installation is tested for its practical use. The crucial dimensions of the structure decided are as
follows: the work consists of two diameters, the outlet small diameter is 0.4 meters and the inlet large diameter
is 2 meters and the overall height is 3 meters. The ratio of the inner and outer diameter of the turbine has to be
designed in the ratio of 5:1.We adopted turbulent wind powered permanent magnet synchronous motor for the
experiment. The nozzle design is thus economically and dimensionally compromised due to machine
capabilities and cost considerations. The nozzle shape is illustrated as in Figure it is concluded that any new
profile can be derived from scaling known optimal results. Despite the trivial difference between the
experimental and typical designs.
The stationary part consists of the turbine, the nozzle and their supporting structure, while the rotary
part includes a nozzle with a window and a set of rollers providing the rotating abilities for the nozzle to
orientate its inlet toward the wind. All the features mentioned above tie as the final design of the nozzle wind
turbine, a corresponding CFD model in FLUENT was established to verify the final design. Due to the
manufacturing limitations, the wind speed is increased by a factor of 0.95 rather than 1.6 of the optimal nozzle
4. Power Generation through the Wind Energy…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 27
in Figure. The vibrant energy of the passing airflow is raised by 5 times with respect to input velocity and it
should also be noticed that the outer halves of the blades divert most of the dynamic energy.
Since the final design of the nozzle duct is verified, the detailed mechanisms are designed and
assembled in the CFD Fluent software and the whole installation is realistically set up as shown in Figure.
Testing of Nozzle Augmented Windmill The nozzle augmented windmill which we designed and
implemented is tested for the analysis of the speed (rpm) versus wind velocity (m/s) in our laboratory with the
help of blower fans. Table 1 shows the characteristics of the nozzle augmented wind turbine, that wind velocity
is directly proportional to the speed of the rotor. The change in wind velocity directly affects the speed of the
rotor. A set of readings is taken comparing the output wind velocity of the windmill and speed of the rotor. The
voltage generated by the nozzle augmented wind turbine for various rotor speeds shown in Table 2.The output
wind power obtained from nozzle type wind turbine is compares with the wind power obtained from open type
model no: bsl-yz-500W18. The comparison is literally discussed in the figurative illustration is shown in Figure.
The illustration clearly explains the efficient, increase in output wind power with the increase in velocity. The
comparison shows that there is a 40% increase in output power in nozzle type proportionately when compared to
open type.
Conclusion
The Nozzle Augmented system has been reported to have a greater efficiency than the HAWTs based
on the structural design. The above illustrated graphs show the performance of the nozzle augmented wind
turbine for various wind velocity and its power generation capacity. Thus, it is clear from the results and
discussion that the proposed system can generate more power at the lower wind velocity than the conventional
horizontal axis wind turbine. In this nozzle augmented system the length of the blades are made shorter and the
nozzle is made up of mild steel because of cost considerations. In nozzle augmented system, the output power
depends upon the tapering angle of the nozzle and the wind flow at the inlet. Hence, if it is possible to determine
more accurate tapering angle and if the nozzle is designed for a larger diameter it is possible to generate more
power. The nozzle augmented system works effectively where the wind velocity is even. In future with the help
of large nozzle and standard ratings of alternator the nozzle augmented system can be mounted to generate more
power than the conventional systems
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