The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Challenges to the Implementation of Information Technology Risk Management an...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Adoption of Ict in the Tourism and Hospitality Sector In Zimbabwetheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
An Analysis of the Information Security Governance in the State Owned Enterpr...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems in the Implementation ...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
An Empirical Study on the information systems in the Moroccan organizations: ...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
An information system, it’s the key point of the success of companies [5] [6]. Where from the necessity of investing to develop information systems, these investments concern to infrastructures, application software’s, set up systems, and existing processes. Companies have to follow policies to manage well their investment of information systems in an economic and optimal way, it is the subject of this paper. To validate our subject, our hypothesis, a study of ground was necessary. We opted for an empirical study on the information systems of the high-level Moroccan organizations in various sectors, by basing itself on scientific foundations. The study and the data analysis allowed us to propose new simplified models.
Challenges to the Implementation of Information Technology Risk Management an...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Adoption of Ict in the Tourism and Hospitality Sector In Zimbabwetheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
An Analysis of the Information Security Governance in the State Owned Enterpr...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems in the Implementation ...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) is dedicated to protecting personal information and will make every reasonable effort to handle collected information appropriately. All information collected, as well as related requests, will be handled as carefully and efficiently as possible in accordance with IJCER standards for integrity and objectivity.
An Empirical Study on the information systems in the Moroccan organizations: ...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
An information system, it’s the key point of the success of companies [5] [6]. Where from the necessity of investing to develop information systems, these investments concern to infrastructures, application software’s, set up systems, and existing processes. Companies have to follow policies to manage well their investment of information systems in an economic and optimal way, it is the subject of this paper. To validate our subject, our hypothesis, a study of ground was necessary. We opted for an empirical study on the information systems of the high-level Moroccan organizations in various sectors, by basing itself on scientific foundations. The study and the data analysis allowed us to propose new simplified models.
This paper investigates the impact of perceived risk and perceived legislation on ecommerce
acceptance. Questionnaire was used to collect data from 666 come-toclaim
customers of top 4 e-Commerce organizations. Hypotheses were tested using
Hierarchical Regression Analysis. The results revealed that perceived risk and
legislation have significant effects on e-Commerce acceptance. The study expanded
the application of theory discussed in this study which allow for contribution to the
theorizing of e-commerce adoption by substituting behavioural variables with internet
security variables to the already established UTAUT model. The paper recommends
that government should provide a regulatory framework to drive the e-commerce
sector.
In this study, the researcher evaluated the challenges of e-governance implementation in
Nigerian aviation industry, using Dana Airline. The objectives of the study are; to examine the
factors that hinder the effective implementation of e-governance in the selected airline in
aviation industry in Nigeria; and to examine if the factors identified in the implementation of egovernance
have significantly affected the performance of selected airlines in aviation industry
in Nigeria. Recorded population of the study is 850, and the study used Yaro Yamane formula
at 95% confidence level to obtain a sample size of 272. Cronbach alpha was employed to obtain
a reliability instrument that yielded an index coefficient of 0.843, which made the instrument
reliable. In line with the design of this study, the data that were collected for this study were
analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The objectives posed for the study were
answered using mean, standard deviation, and sample independent t-test statistics. The
hypothesis was tested at 5% level of significance. Based on the findings of the study, it was
concluded that ICT infrastructure is the most factor that hinders the implementation of egovernance
in Nigerian aviation industry. This means that without proper ICT infrastructure, it is
impossible to implement the e-governance in aviation industry in a developing country like
Nigeria. In the absence of proper awareness among the users of the e-governance system, it is
impossible to set up an effective e-governance system. Non-acceptability of IT systems, Low
financial capability, Lack of electricity, High-cost, low-reliability of Internet access, Lack of
training facilities and Lack of planning are all factors that hinder the effective implementation of
e-governance in aviation industry in Nigeria. The study also concluded that the
factors/challenges identified in the implementation of e-governance have significantly affected
the performance of selected airlines in aviation industry in Nigeria. The study therefore
recommends among others based on the findings of the study that it is paramount to have a
proper ICT infrastructure to implement e-governance; government should take appropriate steps
to enhance the awareness among the users of e-governance by organizing seminar meeting and
other enlighten the users in the proper application of e-governance.
A review on a thesis, titled The Impact Of Information Technology On Producti...Ukam John Victor
The power point presentation reviewed a mater's thesis as written by AHMAD SOBHANI. LULEÅ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, 2008. and reviewed by VICTOR JOHN UKAM
For more information, please visit: http://bit.ly/1PCZc0T
Cloud services, big data analytics and the Internet of Things can transform the public sector. While the opportunities appear to be innumerable, restricted primarily by finite budgets, barriers to adoption commonly emerge in three areas: quality of infrastructure, legal framework and skills. Comprehensive coverage and bandwidth are important infrastructure requirements but cost of access can impede take-up, a problem which countries can potentially manage by reducing entry barriers in their telecommunications sector. Facilitating adoption requires clear rules relating to data collection, storage, sharing, privacy and security.
Effect of Electronic Accounting on Operations of Selected Commercial Banks in...ijtsrd
This study examines the effect of electronic accounting on operation of commercial banks in Nigeria. Specifically the study sought to determine whether e accounting has restored customer's confidence on the safety of their fund and whether channel delivery system can sustain customer patronage. Survey research designs were adopted for the study. Data were collected through survey in which questionnaire was administered on a sample of 180 was purposively collected from population of selected banks. Data collected were analyzed by use of means and standard deviation and the formulated hypotheses were tested by the use of t test and Analysis of Variance statistical tools. Findings show that emergence of e accounting has restored confidence of the customers on the safety of their funds and delivery channels systems have helped to sustain customer's patronage in commercial banks. The findings of this study imply that e accounting in the banking system has increased Patronage of banks customers. In fact, e accounting has impacted positively on the banking system in Nigeria increasing its profitability, productivity and efficiency. Therefore, the researcher recommends that Central Bank of Nigeria should make it mandatory for all banks to embrace e accounting. Afodigbueokwu, Hillary E. (ACA) | Ofurum, Dalington C "Effect of Electronic Accounting on Operations of Selected Commercial Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25257.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/25257/effect-of-electronic-accounting-on-operations-of-selected-commercial-banks-in-nigeria/afodigbueokwu-hillary-e-aca
Prove It - The Disciplines of Harvesting Value from Public Sector Information...NIC Inc | EGOV
A white paper that redefines the mission of government IT, performance measurements, and using technology to more effectively serve constituents -- including the benefits of the self-funded model for delivering eGovernment services.
Employees Adoption of E-Procurement System: An Empirical StudyIJMIT JOURNAL
Today, organizations are investing a lot in their IT infrastructure and reengineering their business processes by digitizing firms. If organizational employees will not optimum utilize its IT infrastructure, the productivity gain reduced enormously. In Uttarakhand e-procurement system implemented by public sector under e-governance integrated mission mode projects. So, there is need to find the determinants which influence employee’s adoption and uses of e-procurement systems. This research study assesses the organizational and individual determinants that influence the use of e-procurement system in Uttarakhand public sector. This study provides managers with the valuable information to take intervention programs to achieve greater acceptance and usage of e-procurement system. Data collected for this study by the means of a survey conducted in Uttarakhand state in 2011. A total 1200 questionnaire forms were distributed personally and online to employees using e-procurement system in Uttarakhand.
Benefits and Challenges of Implementing Carbon Capture and Sequestration Tech...theijes
This paper reviews the state of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, the potential benefits and challenges of
implementing Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) technology in Nigeria as a means of mitigating the
threat posed in emitting CO2. In 2010 Nigeria was ranked 44th by the International Energy Agency (IEA) for
emitting about 80.51 million metric tons of CO2 annually. In this paper, the three different stages that constitute
carbon capture and sequestration are discussed individually, and then the potential for their integration into a
commercial scale CCS process is considered. CCS technology shows promising possibility for application in
plants that emit large amounts of CO2 and also considered are some technological improvements to capture
CO2 from air, as the technology can be applied for removing CO2 directly from the atmosphere and thus
reducing the effect of emissions from vehicles and other moving sources. The development and deployment of
CCS in Nigeria will be very significant in ensuring that we are able to meet increasing energy demand and keep
the lights on whilst minimizing the environmental damage. The market for CCS in Nigeria is likely to be
measured in $billions with the potential of creating over 100,000 jobs.
Determining Measurement Uncertainty Parameters for Calibration Processestheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Application of Mobile Computing In Tertiary Institutions: Case Study of Midla...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
This paper investigates the impact of perceived risk and perceived legislation on ecommerce
acceptance. Questionnaire was used to collect data from 666 come-toclaim
customers of top 4 e-Commerce organizations. Hypotheses were tested using
Hierarchical Regression Analysis. The results revealed that perceived risk and
legislation have significant effects on e-Commerce acceptance. The study expanded
the application of theory discussed in this study which allow for contribution to the
theorizing of e-commerce adoption by substituting behavioural variables with internet
security variables to the already established UTAUT model. The paper recommends
that government should provide a regulatory framework to drive the e-commerce
sector.
In this study, the researcher evaluated the challenges of e-governance implementation in
Nigerian aviation industry, using Dana Airline. The objectives of the study are; to examine the
factors that hinder the effective implementation of e-governance in the selected airline in
aviation industry in Nigeria; and to examine if the factors identified in the implementation of egovernance
have significantly affected the performance of selected airlines in aviation industry
in Nigeria. Recorded population of the study is 850, and the study used Yaro Yamane formula
at 95% confidence level to obtain a sample size of 272. Cronbach alpha was employed to obtain
a reliability instrument that yielded an index coefficient of 0.843, which made the instrument
reliable. In line with the design of this study, the data that were collected for this study were
analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The objectives posed for the study were
answered using mean, standard deviation, and sample independent t-test statistics. The
hypothesis was tested at 5% level of significance. Based on the findings of the study, it was
concluded that ICT infrastructure is the most factor that hinders the implementation of egovernance
in Nigerian aviation industry. This means that without proper ICT infrastructure, it is
impossible to implement the e-governance in aviation industry in a developing country like
Nigeria. In the absence of proper awareness among the users of the e-governance system, it is
impossible to set up an effective e-governance system. Non-acceptability of IT systems, Low
financial capability, Lack of electricity, High-cost, low-reliability of Internet access, Lack of
training facilities and Lack of planning are all factors that hinder the effective implementation of
e-governance in aviation industry in Nigeria. The study also concluded that the
factors/challenges identified in the implementation of e-governance have significantly affected
the performance of selected airlines in aviation industry in Nigeria. The study therefore
recommends among others based on the findings of the study that it is paramount to have a
proper ICT infrastructure to implement e-governance; government should take appropriate steps
to enhance the awareness among the users of e-governance by organizing seminar meeting and
other enlighten the users in the proper application of e-governance.
A review on a thesis, titled The Impact Of Information Technology On Producti...Ukam John Victor
The power point presentation reviewed a mater's thesis as written by AHMAD SOBHANI. LULEÅ UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, 2008. and reviewed by VICTOR JOHN UKAM
For more information, please visit: http://bit.ly/1PCZc0T
Cloud services, big data analytics and the Internet of Things can transform the public sector. While the opportunities appear to be innumerable, restricted primarily by finite budgets, barriers to adoption commonly emerge in three areas: quality of infrastructure, legal framework and skills. Comprehensive coverage and bandwidth are important infrastructure requirements but cost of access can impede take-up, a problem which countries can potentially manage by reducing entry barriers in their telecommunications sector. Facilitating adoption requires clear rules relating to data collection, storage, sharing, privacy and security.
Effect of Electronic Accounting on Operations of Selected Commercial Banks in...ijtsrd
This study examines the effect of electronic accounting on operation of commercial banks in Nigeria. Specifically the study sought to determine whether e accounting has restored customer's confidence on the safety of their fund and whether channel delivery system can sustain customer patronage. Survey research designs were adopted for the study. Data were collected through survey in which questionnaire was administered on a sample of 180 was purposively collected from population of selected banks. Data collected were analyzed by use of means and standard deviation and the formulated hypotheses were tested by the use of t test and Analysis of Variance statistical tools. Findings show that emergence of e accounting has restored confidence of the customers on the safety of their funds and delivery channels systems have helped to sustain customer's patronage in commercial banks. The findings of this study imply that e accounting in the banking system has increased Patronage of banks customers. In fact, e accounting has impacted positively on the banking system in Nigeria increasing its profitability, productivity and efficiency. Therefore, the researcher recommends that Central Bank of Nigeria should make it mandatory for all banks to embrace e accounting. Afodigbueokwu, Hillary E. (ACA) | Ofurum, Dalington C "Effect of Electronic Accounting on Operations of Selected Commercial Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25257.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/25257/effect-of-electronic-accounting-on-operations-of-selected-commercial-banks-in-nigeria/afodigbueokwu-hillary-e-aca
Prove It - The Disciplines of Harvesting Value from Public Sector Information...NIC Inc | EGOV
A white paper that redefines the mission of government IT, performance measurements, and using technology to more effectively serve constituents -- including the benefits of the self-funded model for delivering eGovernment services.
Employees Adoption of E-Procurement System: An Empirical StudyIJMIT JOURNAL
Today, organizations are investing a lot in their IT infrastructure and reengineering their business processes by digitizing firms. If organizational employees will not optimum utilize its IT infrastructure, the productivity gain reduced enormously. In Uttarakhand e-procurement system implemented by public sector under e-governance integrated mission mode projects. So, there is need to find the determinants which influence employee’s adoption and uses of e-procurement systems. This research study assesses the organizational and individual determinants that influence the use of e-procurement system in Uttarakhand public sector. This study provides managers with the valuable information to take intervention programs to achieve greater acceptance and usage of e-procurement system. Data collected for this study by the means of a survey conducted in Uttarakhand state in 2011. A total 1200 questionnaire forms were distributed personally and online to employees using e-procurement system in Uttarakhand.
Benefits and Challenges of Implementing Carbon Capture and Sequestration Tech...theijes
This paper reviews the state of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, the potential benefits and challenges of
implementing Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) technology in Nigeria as a means of mitigating the
threat posed in emitting CO2. In 2010 Nigeria was ranked 44th by the International Energy Agency (IEA) for
emitting about 80.51 million metric tons of CO2 annually. In this paper, the three different stages that constitute
carbon capture and sequestration are discussed individually, and then the potential for their integration into a
commercial scale CCS process is considered. CCS technology shows promising possibility for application in
plants that emit large amounts of CO2 and also considered are some technological improvements to capture
CO2 from air, as the technology can be applied for removing CO2 directly from the atmosphere and thus
reducing the effect of emissions from vehicles and other moving sources. The development and deployment of
CCS in Nigeria will be very significant in ensuring that we are able to meet increasing energy demand and keep
the lights on whilst minimizing the environmental damage. The market for CCS in Nigeria is likely to be
measured in $billions with the potential of creating over 100,000 jobs.
Determining Measurement Uncertainty Parameters for Calibration Processestheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Application of Mobile Computing In Tertiary Institutions: Case Study of Midla...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Basian-Markovian Principle in Fitting of Linear Curvetheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Secure and efficient management of confidential data in the decentralized dis...theijes
Mobile Nodes in some difficult areas subjected to intermittent network property and frequent partitions for e.g. battlefield. Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN) technologies are designed to specific situations wherever it will tolerate noise, attacks etc which means that nodes will get confidential information with none loss. Many application situations need a security for data that has secure access to information hold on in storage nodes at intervals a DTN or to contents of the messages routed through the network. Here, we have a tendency to use a way that allows secure access of data that is referred to as Ciphertext Policy Attributed-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) approach. There are many problems during this state of affairs. Some of those are control of policies needed for correct authentication of user and therefore the policies to retrieve the information. Therefore we have a tendency to use a promising solution i.e. Ciphertext-policy attribute-based encoding (CP-ABE) to resolve the problem of accessing information. But, by applying CP-ABE in decentralized DTNs results into many security and privacy challenges with reference to the attribute revocation, key escrow, and coordination of attributes issued from multiple authorities. Here, we have a tendency to propose a secure and efficient management of data within the decentralized Disruption Tolerant Network (DTN) wherever multiple key authorities severally manage their attributes.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Numerical Simulation of Bumper Impact Analysis and To Improve Design for Cras...theijes
The major concern in design of bumper is their potentiality to bear impact loads. Therefore, bumper impact test is required to fulfill the safety requirement. In development of bumper systems for the automotive industry, iterative Finite Element (FE) simulations are normally used to find a bumper design that meets the requirements of crash performance. The crash performance of a bumper system is normally verified by results from standardized low speed crash tests based on common crash situations. Explicit finite element method is used to investigate stress and effective plastic strain of bumper at impact. Design modification is applied to the bumper to improve its impact performance.
Study of Incidence and Etiology of Prolapse at Rural Based Teaching Hospitaltheijes
In our country as large number of woman deliver at home, usually conducted by untrained dias, incidence of prolapse is higher. The etiology of prolapse was discussed by ARETAEUS, a Greek physician who believed procedentiato be result of weakness of ligaments of the uterus. There are multiple etiological factors in the developed of prolapse. Diagnosis of prolapse at the earliest will help to reduce the complications of prolapse as well as continue child bearing function of the young woman.
Photovoltaic subpanel converter system With Mppt controltheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Physico – Chemical and Bacteriological Analysis of Well Water at Crescent Roa...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
APPLYING CONCENTRATED SOLUTION OF PALM SUGAR + 5% NaCl PRIOR TO EXERCISING AN...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The concept of Photo catalysis is being incorporated into catalytic converter to increase the efficiency as well
as to reduce the production cost. Conventional converters make use of surface catalyst process using noble
metals like palladium and rhodium. Our concept works based on photo catalytic reactions by Titanium dioxide
and Zinc oxide thereby reducing the NOx emissions and CO emissions. Development of this proposal will reduce
the fabrication cost of catalytic converter as well as lay seeds of foundation for the future of photocatalytic
converters.
Combinatorial Identities Related To Root Supermultiplicities In Some Borcherd...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
As India’s population continues to grow, more citizens will move to cities. Experts predict that about 25-30 people will migrate every minute to major Indian cities from rural areas in search of better livelihood and better lifestyles. It is estimated that by the year 2050, the number of people living in Indian cities will touch 843 million. To accommodate this massive urbanization, India needs to find smarter ways to manage complexities, reduce expenses, increase efficiency and improve the quality of life.
Onto-Ethological Studies: How an Environmental Imaginary Envisions a Shared H...theijes
Jakob Von Uexkull’s groundbreaking work on the Umwelt discusses how alive creatures have a wall of senses. I
seek to extend his theories by applying them to what I call the human-beagle Umwelt. Sources will be used from
environmental imaginaries because they have the theories and the requisite knowledge of abstraction. These
ideas are not necessarily readily apparent or even obvious since most people do not think about animals and
environments this way. Therefore, we need environmental imaginaries, to help us think about beagles, in
terms of what their lives, are really like in relation to our own. Ordinarily, we tend to view beagles, in
comparison to our lives, and how these animals can serve us. Of course, this limits our view about their very
potential and undercuts our ability to know, understand, and to fully appreciate beagles. Beagles, like humans,
are actually shaped and influenced by their landscapes. We can consider the beagle’s body type, voice, lifestyle,
and how these specific things compliment an environment. The beagle has become central to human survival
and at times, the beagle’s powerful nose is an extension of our bodies, the way that a cane is central to
the blind, or to the disabled. Therefore, humans and the beagle share a joint Umwelt as the beagle’s heightened
sense of smell is used by humans to become an extension of our human sense. My journal entries should help to
further illustrate some of the abstract ideas gathered from the scholarly sources.
Power Generation through the Wind Energy Using Convergent Nozzletheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
In this presentation, we will discuss in depth about the importance of technology in business, what IT governance is and its impact.
To know more about Welingkar School’s Distance Learning Program and courses offered, visit:
http://www.welingkaronline.org/distance-learning/online-mba.html
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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Challenges to the Implementation of It Governace in Zimbabwean Parastatals
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
|| Volume || 4 || Issue || 12 || Pages || PP -61-65|| 2015 ||
ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 61
Challenges to the Implementation of It Governace in
Zimbabwean Parastatals
Paul Mupfiga , Margaret Chirimumimba
Midlands State University, Zimbabwe
--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-----------------------------------------------------------
The research was aimed at finding the challenges to the implementation of IT governance in Zimbabwean
parastatals. It assessed existing IT governance processes and frameworks in Zimbabwean parastatals. The
participants of this study were managers, directors and the staff from five different Zimbabwe parastatals. Tools
for data collection included questionnaires targeted at the staff from the different parastatals, interviews with
managers and directors from five different Zimbabwean parastatals as well as document review. The research
revealed that there were no clear IT governance strategies or written IT policy statements or frameworks being
used to implement IT governance in Zimbabwean parastatals. The research also established that corporate
governance which is the overall body covering IT governance is still at the developing stage in Zimbabwean
parastatals. The research recommended the implementation of a documented IT policy statement and use such
known frameworks such as COBIT and ITIL.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date of Submission: 01 June 2015 Date of Accepted: 15 December 2015
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. INTRODUCTION
In this global information era, businesses have come to hinge more and more on information technology (IT).
Businesses rely on IT for both operations support and management support so IT has become pivotal to the
normal existence of businesses and with globalization and the creation of a global village, IT systems interface
businesses with the world. Businesses are now able to compete competitively using IT as their back bone of
core business operations, marketing is done electronically, handling costs are being reduced through the
adoption of IT, orders and payments are now being done electronically, business meetings are being done in
virtual boardrooms and in the comfort of one‟s home or office. This means IT services are becoming the point
of contact between the client and the business, hence a strong need for good IT governance and management in
business.
The Corporate governance best practices of 2002, defined parastatals as entities that are governed by Acts of
Parliament for their operations, they are wholly owned by Government and they serve the state indirectly. The
researcher looked at one parastatal in different sectors in the Zimbabwean economy. In the mining sector, the
researcher looked at Hwange Colliery, Grain Marketing Board under the agricultural sector, Civil Aviation
Authority of Zimbabwe under the transport sector, Zimbabwe National Family Planning Council under Healthy
and Parks and Wildlife management under the environmental sector.
II. WHAT IS IT GOVERNANCE
The term IT governance has generated many different definitions. It was therefore, part of this study to arrive at
a view in to what is meant by the term IT governance and its practical application in Zimbabwe parastatals. The
concept of IT governance is described in a lot of literature sources to the extent that some authors have debated
whether there is need to adopt a specific definition of IT governance at all, since it might curb exploration and
restrict diversity. It is, therefore, important that we have a definition that is sufficiently broad to incorporate all
aspects of IT governance, and that is not rendered obsolete through the introduction of further new technologies.
IT governance in its broadest sense is a subset of enterprise governance and encompasses systems,
infrastructure, and communication. Similarly, Matthew Magee, Petr Marounek, Lynn Mueller and Andrew
Phillipson (2008) see IT governance as a subset of enterprise governance and overlaps with it, given all their
commonalities. It is targeted for enterprises that develop products. IT governance is application of ICT for
interaction among government, citizens and businesses as well as in internal government operations to simply
and improves the governance, as defined by Vinay Thakur (2005). The Office of the Auditor General (OAG) of
Uganda (2000) see IT governance as the process by which the top management and those in charge of
governance of an organization ensure that ICT is optimally used to achieve the organizations business
2. Challenges To The Implementation Of It Governace In…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 62
objectives. At the same time the risk arising from the use of IT are also properly managed. According to Richard
Brisebois, Greg Boyd and Ziad Shadid (2010) IT governance is the structure, oversight and management
processes which ensure the delivery of the expected benefits of IT in a controlled way to help enhance the long
term sustainable success of the enterprise. Challis, Lidgey and Robertson (2003) see‟s IT governance is the
responsibility of the board of directors and executive management. It is an integral part of enterprise governance
and consists of the leadership and organisational structures and processes that ensure that the organisation‟s IT
sustains and extends the organisation‟s strategies and objectives. In order to delimit the scope of this research,
for it to be sufficiently focused, adopted. Carry and Willis (2001) defines IT governance as the structure of
relationships and processes to direct and control the enterprise in order to achieve the enterprise‟s goals by
adding value while balancing risk versus return over IT and its processes. It specifies the decision rights and
accountability framework to encourage desirable behaviours in the use of IT. The basis of these definitions of IT
governance are a combination, of implementation and relationship of the activities for managing IT resources
and their risks in different ways and whether it is at strategic level, management level or operational level. The
definitions cited above are potentially relevant to the range of IT governance activities carried out in Zimbabwe
parastatals.
III. WHY IT GOVERNANCE IS NECESSARY
According to Richard Brisebois, Greg Boyd and Ziad Shadid of the Office of the Auditor General of Canada, IT
governance is needed to ensure that the investments in IT generate value-reward-and mitigate IT-associated
risks, avoiding failure. IT is central to organisational success – effective and efficient delivery of services and
goods – especially when the IT is designed to bring about change in an organisation. This change process,
commonly referred to as “business transformation,” is now the prime enabler of new business models both in
the private and public sectors. Business transformation offers many rewards, but it also has the potential for
many risks, which may disrupt operations and have unintended consequences. The dilemma becomes how to
balance risk and rewards when using IT to enable organisational change.
PROBLEMS WITH IT GOVERNANCE
According to Steve Romero, an IT Governance Evangelist, the problem with IT governance is that often it is
confused with good management practices and IT control frameworks. ISO 38500 has helped clarify IT
governance by describing it as the management system used by directors. In other words, IT governance is about
the stewardship of IT resources on behalf of the stakeholders who expect a return from their investment. The
directors responsible for this stewardship will look to the management to implement the necessary systems and
IT controls. Whilst managing risk and ensuring compliance are essential components of good governance, it is
more important to be focused on delivering value and measuring performance.
IV. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This study attempted to estimate the current level of practice of IT governance in Zimbabwe parastatals. The
study allowed the collection of useful information and data in relation to this new mode of governance. The
considerations are based on questionnaire responses from 40 employees from five different Zimbabwe
parastatals, who were randomly selected, Skype interviews with five managers and directors from these five
different parastatals and document review. The questionnaire was designed to collect data on their level of
computer expertise, their awareness on IT governance and their level of preparedness to adopt IT governance.
The questionnaire had both closed and open end questions. The questionnaire was administered in person to the
40 employees from the five different Zimbabwe parastatals. Skype interviews with the five managers and
directors from these five different parastatals were contacted to highlight the benefits and the exploitation of the
challenges to implementing IT governance in Zimbabwe parastatals. The researcher reviewed from newspaper
articles, strategy documents, newsletters, magazines, information from Minister Gordon Moyo‟s blog and
various parastatals websites.
IT Infrastructure: hardware and software
The data collected from the five different parastatals shows tremendous developments and acquisition of basic
IT infrastructure across the various parastatals. 79% of the employees indicated that they had access to
computers in their offices hence enabling them to access and utilize IT facilities for their day to day business
operations. Fifty-nine percent (59%) of the employees indicated that some of their clients use POS devices and
mobile money transfer systems to make utility payments. An amazing number of employees, (88%), indicated
that they access the Zimbabwe parastatals‟ website and the Minister of state enterprises‟ online blog easily, at
least once a day for various reasons but mainly for communication. As regards to software, results show that
various Zimbabwe parastatals have developed their own in-house transaction processing systems,
communication information systems and management information system software used across these various
3. Challenges To The Implementation Of It Governace In…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 63
parastatals. Some parastatals are now offering their clients access to online customer service support, equerries
and utility bill payment facilities.
The level of IT governance practice and activities
The data collected indicate that there is reasonable utilization of IT resources in as far as the parastatals‟ core
daily business activities are concerned. Only 53% of the employees indicated that they were using all the IT
resources, facilities and services offered by the parastatals in carrying out their day to day duties and tasks.
Interviews with the managers and directors revealed that all the parastatals have an IT manager responsible for
managing all IT resources financially, materially and as well as to oversee the implementation of the top
management‟s IT goals and targets at operational level within his/her organisation. Most IT resources and
facilities are exclusive to all parastatals employees as part of their work environment. The parastatals‟ clients
have access to some of these facilities and can enjoy them at various levels for no extra charge. The day to day
business operations have become more interactive through the use of website links with interactive tools like the
Minister‟s online blog, staff discussion forums, emails, instant chats, chat rooms and other interactive activities.
The daily business activities carried out through the use of IT reflect its use as a support tool to the traditional
face to face business methods, thus a need for its governance and management across the parastatals.
Employee’s preparedness
The collected data show that the majority of employees have a satisfactory level of computer competency.
Sixty-eight percent (68%) of the employees indicated that they could perform basic functions and could use the
computer independently. A further 29% of the employees indicated that they were advanced users of computers
and could do a number of tasks with the computer. As regards to the use of the Internet, the majority of the
employees (95%) indicated that they were advanced users who could use the Internet to search for information
as well as being able to download and upload files on to the Internet. Fifty-one percent (51%) indicated that they
had basic skills required to browse the internet and use e-mail independently and a disappointing 5% indicated
that they could not use the Internet independently. Although the majority of the employees indicated that they
had the basic skills required to use computers as a day to day business resource, a significant number of them
lacked confidence in the use of the transaction processing system platforms and how to participate on the
Minister‟s blog.8% of the employees expressed some doubt on their level of preparedness to use transaction
processing platforms, the parastatals website and the Minister‟s blog.
Absence of documented strategy
The implementation of IT governance in Zimbabwe parastatals is proving to be slow and lagging behind, this
was noted by the lack of clear IT governance strategies, written IT policy statements and frameworks being used
to implement IT governance. The parastatals are interested in improving in their IT usage and but little has been
on the governance of the IT resources. The proposed corporate governance framework for parastatals, does not
say not much pertaining I.T governance.
Project ownership by business
Based on the findings of this research most of the managers and directors who were interviewed were either
bitterly critical or derisive about the contribution of IT to the business, there was a near absence of ownership of
IT projects. Business looked upon IT as too technical to handle and retained only the right to criticize IT for
non-delivery.
Software documentation
All these parastatals are using pirated software so they do not have licences for these softwares .The core
systems at Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe was obtained with source code but has since undergone
several changes over the last six years with no attendant documentation.
V. DISCUSSION
From the findings of this research, the researcher noted that the major challenge to the implementation of IT
governance in parastatals is that corporate governance is a rot and was still at a developing stage. The business
ethics in some of these State Enterprise and Parastatals leaves a lot to be desired especially where most of the
board members and even chief executive officers are involved in scandalous issues. Business analysts in
Zimbabwe have raised concern over business people who sit on several boards purporting to serve the interests
of those companies when in actual fact, they have ulterior motives mainly to enrich themselves rather than to
practice good corporate governance. Notable business people and civic leaders are sitting on several boards yet
holding public office. Analysts say in most cases, it reflects poor corporate governance due to serious conflict of
interests. Good corporate governance practices have been implemented to a limited extent and the major barriers
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being, corruption which has become a culture among Zimbabweans, reported the herald of 28 August 2012.
Directors and company officials were engaged in conduct that is not in the general interest of the company but
merely to satisfy their own personal needs. According to the herald of 28August 2012 in Zimbabwe Boards of
directors are sometimes selected on the basis of who knows who, termed the „Old Boys Club‟ and that
negatively impacts on the effectiveness of the board. Board selection is critical as there are specific criteria that
need to be employed to ensure the right board mix. Such an environment compromises the independence of
non-executive directors, as a result, independent international civic organisations such as Transparency
International, rates Zimbabwe as one of the most corrupt countries in the world. This means it is very important
to create good corporate governance structures so as to implement IT governance successfully, since IT is a
subset of corporate governance.
The research also established that some parastatals such as the Parks and Wildlife Management Authority of
Zimbabwe and Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe were operating without boards, thus creating a leadership
vacuum and also legal constraints for the validation of policy decisions and approval or authorization of
programmes, hence also becoming a huge barrier to the implementation of IT governance. Parastatal boards
should always be properly constituted, timeously appointed, and the selection process based on competency,
reliability, appropriate knowledge and experience. It is worrying for State entities to operate without boards for
long periods because management are then left to operate without accountability, a situation which may
compromise the efficiency and effectiveness of an entity due mainly to the absence of an effective oversight
function. This calls in some instances for changes in leadership structures and renewal in Parastatals for better
performance, financial reporting, audit systems and good IT governance.
According to the National family planning council CEO, Mr.Takayendesa, National family planning council is
using the Control Objectives for Information and related Technology (COBIT) which is regarded as the world's
leading IT governance and control framework for its IT governance. CobiT provides a reference model of 34 IT
processes typically found in an organization. Each process is defined together with process inputs and outputs,
key process activities, process objectives, performance measures and an elementary maturity model. Its
implementation is questionable based on the state of I.T governance at this organisation.
To date implementation of IT governance in Zimbabwe parastatals has been regarded a failure and IT
governance has not yet revolutionalised service delivery by parastals but to a limited extent it has managed to
change how some services such as cash payments, utility bill payments, mobile money transfers, order
processing, transaction processing and decision making processes are being carried out in some parastatals.
VI. RECOMMENDATIONS
The researcher recommends the implementation of a common tailor made parastatals IT policy and strategy
framework or use of already existing international frameworks such as COBIT and ITIL. The government
should also offer incentives for properly governed institutions so as to promote good corporate governance.
Legal expert, Mr Canaan Dube of Dube Manikai and Hwacha, postulated that, instead of merely forcing listed
public companies to comply with corporate governance requirements it could be helpful to create an incentive
for companies to comply with corporate governance. A corporate governance rating could supply this
motivation, as companies that scored well on the rating would enhance their reputation, and open up potential
investment opportunities, thus, encouraging good I.T governance practices. The Boards, risk and audit
committees of the parastatals should tackle IT governance issues on a regular basis, reviewing matters such as
the operational aspects of information security and the strategic possibilities of new technologies. To improve
their oversight of these IT governance issues, boards should seek directors with more specialized IT knowledge.
VII. CONCLUSION
Overly IT governance is necessary for parastatals for their convenience and overall well-being since IT is now
the new mode of doing business. It is advantageous to both the national government (shareholder) and the board
of directors, that is, it provides an excellent structure that parastatals can follow. By implementing IT-
governance, governments have been able to save a lot of time, money and effort which would have been
otherwise wasted on unnecessary paper work, files, and transaction costs.
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REFERENCES
[1] Mathew Mageer (2005) Perceived E-Readiness factors in I.T governance adoption: an empirical investigation in a developing
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[2] Lynn Mueller ,Andrew Phillipson (2008)” implementation of corporate governance in Malaysian SMEs,Journal of Small
Business and Enterprise Development,vol 16 Nov pp 240-255
[3] Joseph McCahery and Erik (2008 )” Corporate Governance of Non Listed Companies” Oxford university press
[4] Challis, Lidgey and Robertson (2003)“Implementation of I.T governance in Bangladesh: The effects ofAzam, Md. Shah 2006b,
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[6] Mernat Mafirakurewa (2012) Parastatals fail to submit governance reports : In business report ,Newsday ,12 Dec
[7] Kuda Bwititi (2012) Parastatals operating without boards gordenmoyo.blogspot.com
[8] The Sunday mail, 10 March
[9] Gordon Moyo (2012) State of corporate governance in Zimbabwe state entreprises : Can they be rescued ?
http://gordenmoyo.blogspot.com/
[10] www.mosep.gov.zw