While moving, the vehicles possess some kinetic energy and it is being wasted. This kinetic energy can be utilized to produce power by using a special arrangement called POWER HUMP (SPEED BREAKER

1. 1
CHAPTERNO.01
ABSTRACT
In the present scenario power becomes major need for human life. Due to day-to-day increase
in population and lessen of the conventional sources, it becomes necessary that we must
depend on non-conventional sources for power generation. While moving, the vehicles
posses some kinetic energy and it is being wasted. This kinetic energy can be utilized to
produce power by using a special arrangement called “POWER HUMP”.
The Kinetic energy of moving vehicles can be converted into mechanical energy of the shaft
through rack and pinion mechanism. This shaft is connected to the electric dynamo and it
produces electrical energy proportional to traffic density. This generated power can be
regulated by using Zener diode for continuous supply.
All this mechanism can be housed under the dome like speed breaker, which is called hump.
The generated power can be used for general purpose like streetlights, traffic signals. The
electrical output can be improved by arranging these power humps in series this generated
power can be amplified and stored by using different electric devices. The maintenance cost
of hump is almost nullified. By adopting this arrangement, we can satisfy the future demands
to some extent.

2. 2
CHAPTER NO. 02
INTRODUCTION
In the present scenario power becomes the major need for human life .The availability and its
per capita consumptions are regarded as the index of national standard of living in the present
day civilization. Energy is an important input in all the sectors of any countries economy.
Energy crisis is due to two reasons, firstly the population of the world has been increased
rapidly and secondly standard of living of human beings has increased. India is the country,
which majorly suffers with lack of sufficient power generation.
The availability of regular conventional fossil fuels will be the main sources for power
generation, but there is a fear that they will get exhausted eventually by the next few decades.
Therefore, we have to investigate some approximate, alternative, new sources for the power
generation, which is not depleted by the very few years. Another major problem, which is
becoming the exiting topic for today is the pollution. It suffers all the living organisms of all
kinds as on the land, in aqua and in air. Power stations and automobiles are the major
pollution producing places.
Therefore, we have to investigate other types of renewable sources, which produce electricity
without using any commercial fossil fuels, which is not producing any harmful products.
There are already is existing such systems using renewable energy such as solar wind),
OTEC (ocean thermal energy conversions) etc…for power generation. The latest technology
which is used to generate the power by such renewable energy” POWER HUMP”.

3. 3
CHAPTER NO. 03
BLOCK DIAGRAM
In this project the ramps has been replaced with the specially designed rollers which directly
absorbs the kinetic energy of the moving vehicles and converts them to rotational energy and
thereby rotating the generator, to produce the electrical power.

4. 4
CHAPTER NO.04
BASIC PRINCIPLE
 While moving, the vehicles possess some kinetic energy and it is being wasted. This kinetic
energy can be utilized to produce power by using a special arrangement called POWER
HUMP (SPEED BREAKER).
 It is an Electro-Mechanical unit. It utilizes both mechanical technologies and electrical
techniques for the power generation and its storage.
 POWER HUMP(SPEED BREAKER) is a dome like device likely to be speed breaker.
Whenever the vehicle is allowed to pass over the dome it gets pressed downwards then the
springs are attached to the dome is compressed and the rack which is attached to the bottom
of the dome moves downward in reciprocating motion.
 Since the rack has teeth connected to gears, there exists conversion of reciprocating motion
of rack into rotary motion of gears but the two gears rotate in opposite direction.
 A flywheel is mounted on the shaft whose function is to regulate the fluctuation in the energy
and to make the energy uniform.
 So that the shafts will rotate with certain R.P.M. these shafts are connected through a belt
drive to the dynamos, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
 The conversion will be proportional to traffic density.Whenever an armature rotates between
the magnetic fields of south and north poles, an E.M.F is induced in it. So, for inducing the
E.M.F. armature coil has to rotate, for rotating this armature it is connected to a long shaft.
By rotating same e.m.f is induced, for this rotation kinetic energy of moving vehicles is
utilized.
 The power is generated in both the directions; to convert this power into one way, a special
component is used called zener diode for continuous supply.
 All this mechanism can be housed under the dome, like speed breaker, which is called
HUMP.
 The electrical output can be improved by arranging these POWER HUMPS in series.
 This generated power can be amplified and stored by using different electrical devices.

5. 5
4.1 BASIC PRINCIPLE:
 Simple energy conversion from Mechanical to Electrical.
 To generate electricity using the vehicle weight (potential energy) as input
 Possible using 3 different mechanisms:
I. Crank-shaft mechanism
II. Roller mechanism
III. Rack- Pinion mechanism
IV.

6. 6
CHAPTER NO. 05
WORKING AND CONSTRUCTION
WORKING
 It works on the principle that when a moving vehicle passes through this set up ,the kinetic
energy of vehicle will cause roller to rotate which will further rotate transmission shaft and
hence the generator armature (i.e. acting as prime mover to run generator).
When the vehicle moves over the inclined plates, it gains height resulting in increase in
potential energy, which is wasted in a conventional rumble strip
When the plates come down, they crank a lever fitted to a ratchet-wheel type mechanism.
This in turn rotates a geared shaft loaded with recoil springs.
 The output of this shaft is coupled to a dynamo to convert kinetic energy into electricity.
 A vehicle weighing 1,000 kg going up a height of 10 cm on such a rumble strip produces
approximately 0.98 kilowatt power. So one such speed-breaker on a busy highway, where
about 100 vehicles pass every minute, about one kilo watt of electricity can be produced
every single minute.
 With the approach of car’s front axial wheel on the hump, weight pushes the hump
downwards with the force of 200kg.f.m (as data collected for thecase), since the other end
of the lever is hinged with the crank, thus the crank is being rotated 1/8th time. The crank
is designed in such a way that it moves maximum distance, and as it is calculated 0.337m.
 Since the designed fly wheel is connected to the crank, the fly wheel rotates itself 1.5
times with against 1/8thselfrotation of crank.
 A spiral spring arrangement is axially connected with the shaft of the fly wheel to wind the
suitably designed spiral spring.
 When the hinged lever will move upward, the downward force on the other lever will be
released and the crank will be separate itself from the fly wheel, which then allow the
spiral spring to unwind itself with rpm say 1000rpm(to be designed).
 As the shaft of fly wheel is coupled with the generator, the unwinding spiral spring will
rotate the generator shaft with designed 1000rpm and electricity will be generated.

7. 7
5.1 POSSIBLE USING DIFFERENT MECHANISMS:-
 Spring coil mechanism
 Rack- Pinion mechanism
 Crank-shaft mechanism
 Roller mechanism
5.2 RACK AND PINION MECHANISM
Figure: Rack and pinion mechanism
 Speed breaker POWER GENERATOR Converters basically new concept of non-
conventional energy generation.
 It is electro-mechanical energy generating machine.
 This machine converts reciprocating motion in to rotary motion. The rotational power is
stored in flywheel & flywheel rotates dynamo, which generates electricity.
 Here first important point is how we get reciprocating motion, which is prime input in the
system. For that we use weight of Moving vehicle on the Speed breaker. We put our machine
underneath the Sped breaker installing different units.
 All the units are connected to the common shaft using chain and sprocket drive.
 The head of rack is brought up to level beneath the speed breaker surface. When vehicle
moves on the speed breaker, the rack it will be pushed down.
 The rack is attached with free wheel type pinion that rotates in one direction only.
 The rack & pinion arrangement convert reciprocating motion in to rotary motion.
 This rotary motion is further magnified using reciprocating motion in to rotary motion-belt &
pulley drive.

8. 8
 The output of pulley is attached with flywheel which stores kinetic energy and transfer to
dynamo which generate electricity with zero cost.
 A "generator" and "motor" is essentially the same thing: what you call it depends on whether
electricity is going into the unit or coming out of it.
 A generator produces electricity. In a generator, something causes the shaft and armature to
spin.
 This generated power is used for various application required by different user.
Construction
FIG.: Mechanical diagram of electricity generation system
Mechanical diagram of electricity generation system by the hump arrangement on the road is
shown below:
 A flexible hump made up of steel stripes, angle & channels fitted & hinged together in such a
manner in the form of hump which can be pressed and released vertically down & up
supported with springs.
 A flexible vertical shaft has been hinged at the bottom side of the hump arrangement and the
other end of the shaft is hinged with the crank of 0.859 m positioned with the angle 45° with
respect to horizontal plane.
 A fly wheel of dia. 0.070 m again arranged and designed to rotate 1.5 rotations with the
rotation of crank.
 The fly-wheel’s shaft then axially connected to spiral spring.
 Unwinding of spiral spring shaft is then coupled to the shaft of a generator to produce
electricity of designed capacity

9. 9
CHAPTER NO. 06
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES
 Production of Ayad and Abd Al-Gawwad's invention could be completed with a cost
of USD1500 per speed bump. "Molten iron could be used so that the speed bumps are
able to withstand the strain caused by the cars driving over them daily," said Abd Al-
Gawwad.
 "It could even be less expensive than that if a deal is made with a company prepared
to
 produce them on a large scale, which could also be a way to promote local
investments."
 He goes on to say that the cost of maintenance for his contraption would be extremely
low. With a yearly cost of USD100 or less, maintenance of these speed bumps is not
only inexpensive but also straightforward, taking no more than 10 minutes to
complete.
 He explained that during maintenance, it takes only four individuals to pick the speed
bump up off the street. After that, the gap left behind is automatically closed up and
leveled with the street by means of a hydraulics-operated seal. This allows the cars to
drive along without any problems and without interrupting traffic.
 Electricity would be generated every time an individual passes over it with his or her
car. The possibilities for such an invention are endless.
DISADVANTAGES
1. It is less amount power generator
2. It is not continues generating power
3. Maintain cost is high
4. More wear & tear

10. 10
CHAPTER NO. 07
REQUIRED MATERIAL
7.1 Rollers
 The Material which is used is hardened EN8Properties of EN8: EN8 is an unalloyed medium
carbon steel with good tensile strength.
 It is normally supplied in cold drawn or as rolled. Tensile properties can vary but are usually
between 500-800 N/mm2. EN8 is available from stock in bar and can be cut to your
requirements.
 Hardening: To be heated uniformly to 830/860°C until heated through & Quench in oil or
water. Can also be induction or flame hardened.
Fig 2.1: Roller which is made with EN8 material
7.2 BEARINGS
 A bearing is a device to allow constrained relative motion between two or more parts,
typically rotation or linear movement.
 Bearings may be classified broadly according to the motions they allow and according to
their principle of operation as well as by the directions of applied loads they can handle.
 The type of bearing used here is rolling element type bearing which is widely used, relatively
high friction, suffers from station in some applications.
 Depending upon the application, lifetime can be higher or lower than rolling element
bearings.

11. 11
7.3 Generator
 An electrical generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy,
generally using electromagnetic induction.
 The source of mechanical energy may be a reciprocating or turbine steam engine, water
falling through a turbine or waterwheel, an internal combustion engine, a wind turbine, a
hand crank, or any other source of mechanical energy

12. 12
CHAPTER NO. 08
THE FUTURE TECHNOLOGY
 As we are aware that the crude oil stored beneath the soil will be all consumed in the near
future and alternative eco-friendly, non-polluting energy sources will be utilized for
electricity generation to power our cars.
 Battery is one of such alternative power source. Battery powered cars, scooters; three
wheelers can be presently spotted on the roads.
 The number of such battery powered vehicles is expected to increase exponentially over the
coming years.
 By considering all the details and calculations it has been understood that there is a huge
potential of power generation from Speed Breaker Arrangement On Road arrangement and it
is well calculated that approximately 700kw of power can be generated by a queue o these
small power generating units.
 The aim is to trap energy from the forces generated by wheel of car while running on the
road and to generate electricity from the hump (as like speed breaker) arrangement on the
road.
 Supposedly, whenever a battery operated car runs on the road and faces a problem of its
battery getting dried up, the cars can approach to toll gates nearest/ ahead and the battery
cartridge can be exchanged as like in present day oil filling station. These dried batteries will
be charged by “ELECTRICITY GENERATION BY SPEED BREAKER ARRANGEMENT
ON ROAD” for next exchange.
 This generated power source can also power the toll gate area, street lights of the location
and the nearby area.

13. 13
CHAPTER NO.09
CONCLUSION & FUTURE SCOPE
CONCLUSION:-
 It can be implemented at metropolitan cities.
 So that more electric power is produced.
 Arrangement of whole setup is easier.
 The stored electricity could satisfy the daily requirement of electric power.
 Electricity generated can also be used for cartridge battery charging in battery
powered cars.
 Low maintenance cost.
FUTURE SCOPE:-
 Suitable at parking of multiplexes, malls, toll booths, signals, etc.
 Uses: Charging batteries and using them to light up the streets, etc.
 Such speed breakers can be designed for heavy vehicles, thus increasing input torque
and ultimately output of generator.
 More suitable and compact mechanisms to enhance efficiency.

14. 14
CHAPTER NO.10
REFERENCES
1. www.wikipedia.org
2. www.academia.edu
3. www.technicaljournalsonline.com
4. www.mjret.in
5. www.ijesit.com
6. www.google.com
7. www.faadooengineers.com
8. Department of transport (UK) highway (road humps)
9. R. S khumi (machine design)
10.Sharma aggrawal (machine design)
11.Shigley R, Tata MC Graw hills(machine design)
12.G.D Rainon conventional energy sources