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economic Traits of swine

Pig farming is an important part of the Indian economy, contributing over Rs. 66,000 lakhs annually. Pigs are efficient converters of feed and can utilize a variety of food sources to produce meat. They breed quickly with sows able to farrow twice per year, producing 6-12 piglets each time. Pig farming requires a relatively small investment and provides quick financial returns as pigs reach market weight within 6-8 months. Traits like litter size, growth rate, feed efficiency and mortality rates impact the economic success of pig farming operations.

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Dr. Rajesh K. Yadav MVSc. Scholar ( DEPARTMENT OF LPM ) TRAITS OF ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF SWINE
IMPORTANCE OF PIG FARMING IN INDIAN ECONOMY •The pork and pork products was estimated to be Rs. 66584 lakhs. •The contribution of pork products in terms of value works out to 0.80% of total livestock products and 4.32% of the meat and meat products. The contribution of pigs to Indian exports is very poor.
SCOPE OF SWINE PRODUCTION •The challenges faced by our country in securing the food as well as nutritional security to fast growing population need an integrated approach for livestock farming. •Among the various livestock species, piggery is most potential source of meat production and more efficient feed converters after the broiler. Apart from providing meat, it is also a source of bristles and
ADVANTAGES OF THE PIG FARMING •The pig has got highest feed conversion efficiency i.e. they produce more live weight gain from a given weight of feed than any other class of meat producing animals except broilers. • The pig can utilise wide variety of feed stuffs viz. grains, forages, damaged feeds and garbage and convert them into valuable nutritious meat. However, feeding of damaged grains, garbage and other unbalanced rations may result in lower feed efficiency.
•They are prolific with shorter generation interval. A sow can be bred as early as 8-9 months of age and can farrow twice in a year. They produce 6-12 piglets in each farrowing. •Pig farming requires small investment on buildings and equipments
•Pigs are known for their meat yield, which in terms of dressing percentage ranges from 65 – 80 in comparison to other livestock species whose dressing yields may not exceed 65%. •Pork is most nutritious with high fat and low water content and has got better energy value than that of other meats. It is rich in vitamins like thiamin, Niacin and riboflavin.
•Pigs manure is widely used as fertilizer for agriculture farms and fish pond •Pigs store fat rapidly for which there is an increasing demand from poultry feed, soap, paints and other chemical industries.
•Pig farming provides quick returns since the marketable weight of fatteners can be achieved with in a period of 6-8 months. •There is good demand from domestic as well as export market for pig products such as pork, bacon, ham, sausages, lard etc.
PIG POPULATION •Total Pig Population in the country is 9.06 Million during 2019. • •Total Pig Population has decreased by 12.0% over previous Livestock Census (2012). •About 1.7% of the total livestock is contributed by pigs.
ECONOMIC TRAITS OF SWINE •Litter size at birth : Number of piglets born in a litter. •Litter size born alive : Number of piglets born alive in a litter.
•Litter size at weaning : Number of piglets weaned per litter at 56th day. • •Birth weight : Weight of a piglet in kg at birth
•Litter weight at birth : Weight of all piglets of a litter in kg at birth. •Weaning weight : Weight of a piglet in kg at 56 days of age (weaning).
•Litter weight at weaning : Weight of all piglets of a litter in kg at weaning. •Weight at market age : Weight of a piglet in kg at the market age of 154 or 210 days.
•Growth rate •Pre-weaning growth rate : Daily weight gain in kg from the date of birth to date of weaning. •Post-weaning growth rate : Daily weight gain in kg from the date of weaning to date of marketing
•Feed efficiency •Weaning to 154 days : Weight of feed consumed in kg for producing one kg of live weight from weaning to 154 days. •Weaning to 210 days : Weight of feed consumed in kg for producing one kg of live weight from weaning to 210 days.
•Mortality percentage •Pre-weaning mortality : Number of piglets died from birth to 56th day (weaning) to the total number of piglets born alive. •Post-weaning mortality : Number of piglets died from weaning to 154 or 210 days to the total number of piglets weaned. •Adult mortality : Number of adult pigs died during the year to the number at the beginning
economic Traits of swine