Foaling & Foal Care
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This document discusses equine medicine related to foaling and foal care. It covers the signs of impending foaling in mares, necessary foaling equipment, the three stages of labor and birth including normal birthing position, postpartum care for mares and foals including colostrum transfer, care of newborn foals such as navel treatment and passing meconium. It also discusses exercise, handling, weaning at 4-6 months, and castration timing ranging from birth to two years old.
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Foaling & Foal Care
- 1. EQUINE MEDICINE Foaling and Foal Care
- 3. Impending Parturition • Pendulous abdomen • Udder enlargement • Waxing of teats • Enlarged milk veins • Relaxation – Tail head – Croup – Perineal area • Decreased appetite • Personality change
- 4. Foaling Equipment • Nolvasan solution • Tail bandages • Sterile roll cotton • Adhesive tape • Biozide ointment • Clean towel • Fleet enema • Pail • Thermometer
- 5. Labor and Parturition • Stage 1 – Uterine contractions – Cervix relaxation – Foal moves into position – Minutes to days in length – End-allantois through cervix • Water breaks
- 6. Labor and Parturition • Stage 2 – Labor contractions – Length-30min-1 hr – Normal position- • On stomach • Front feet first • Muzzle on knees
- 7. Labor and Parturition • Stage 3 – Expulsion of the placenta
- 8. Postpartum • Involution of the uterus – Mare • Consider bran mashes • Increased energy needs • Uterine discharge-14 days • Foal heat-7-9 days
- 9. Postpartum • Foal- – Standing within 1 hour – Nursing within 2 hours – Passive transfer • > 800 normal • 600-800 partial failure • < 400 complete failure
- 10. Premature Foals Before 320 days of gestation
- 11. Foal Care • Navel – Break naturally • Dilute Nolvasan – Navel ill • Signs-lameness • Drainage • Swollen joints • Fever • Not nursing
- 12. Foal Care • Meconium – First manure – Passage 3-24 hrs – Signs- • Colic • Straining • Elevating tail
- 13. Foal Care • Exercise – First full day of life – Turn out alone-first week
- 14. Foal Care • Handling – Begin first day of life! – Before weaning • Haltering • Leading • Grooming • Lifting feet • Deworming • Vaccinations
- 15. Foal Care • Weaning – 4-6 months – Complete separation – Gradual separation – Groups • Mare care – Groups=less stress – Monitor milk production
- 16. Castration • Range-birth to two years – Timing • Individual behavior • Weather • Management practices – Cryptorchid • One or both testicles in abdomen • 15 months