POTENTIAL OF MICRO HYDRO EMBEDDED AT EFFLUENT DISCHARGE POINT OF SEWERAGE TREATMENT PLANT

APPLICATION OF MICRO HYDRO ELECTRIC SYSTEM
ATTACHED TO EFFLUENT DISCHARGE POINT OF
SEWERAGE TREATMENT PLANT
Prepared By:
Muhammad Arkam Bin Che Munaaim
PhD (Energy Conservation), USM; MSc. B Tech (USM);
B. Elec. Eng. (Hons) (UTM); Dip. Elec. Eng (Power) (UTM).
PEng, MIEM, MIET (UK), MIEEE, ASEAN Eng, ACPE, APEC Eng, EMF IntPE, AAE, MGBC,
USGBC, SPANQP, REEM, MWA, MySET, MINDS.
HP: +6016 335 7727
Email: arkam@engineer.com
5th Annual International Conference , 22nd – 23rd February 2016, Singapore.
M Arkam C Munaaim, arkam@engineer.com

5th Annual International Conference , 22nd – 23rd February 2016, Singapore

Given that environmental protection concerns are
increasing worldwide, both new energy and clean fuel
technologies are being intensively pursued and investigated.
(M. Pauzi M. Kassim et al., 2015)
Most renewable energy sources, including wind, micro hydro,
tidal, geothermal, biomass and solar
are converted into electrical energy for delivery
either directly to the utility grid or to isolated loads.
(Canale et al., 2009; Mercure and Salas, 2012).

Source: https://www.iwk.com.my/do-you-know/sewage-treatment-plant
PUBLIC SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS IN MALAYSIA
In Malaysia, 38% of public sewage treatment plants in the country are mechanical
plants. These plants operate using mechanical equipment that accelerates sewage
break down. It is hoped that in the long-term, Malaysia's sewerage system will be
made more efficient through the standardization of the types of plants used.

If the overall STP plant can have a constant water flow
from the wastewater treatment process and the
electrical generator can work well in the application,
the electrical power generation is possible to feedback
to the STP electrical board panel for pumping and STP
auxiliary application.
Hence it will have a self-ecosystem in both water
treatment and electrical generation and therefore
provides alternative energy for the treatment plant to
operate using its own flowing water from the
wastewater treatment process.

Source: Fulford et al. (2000)
Calculated Capacity (Output Power), (KW)
= Head (Meter) X Flow Rate (m3/sec) X 9.81 X Efficiency

Some of the possible application
(Source: http://www.hs-dynamics.com/)

CONCLUSIONS
The micro hydro has the potential in generating electricity especially in off grid application at
the STP. This application can be materialize if the minimum criteria for both effluent
discharge and electricity power quality can be achieve according to the standard and
regulations.
The application of micro hydro generator at effluent discharge point of STP independently
can helps in minimizing the consumption of normal electricity energy when self generation
electricity is used from the existing flowing water, comes from the wastewater process.
The exploration of the application using CAD simulations followed by an empirical data
collection, applies in the real full-scale in actual environment is highly desirable to explicit
the factual potential of this inter-disciplinary technology.
Therefore, future research is highly recommended in this area to validate the application of
micro hydroelectric embedded at the effluent discharge point of Sewerage Treatment Plant.

REFERENCES:
M. Pauzi M. Kassim et al., Feasibility Study on Solar Power Plant Utility Grid under Malaysia Feed-in
Tariff, American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 2015, DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2015.
Canale, M., I. Fagiano and M. Milanese, 2009. KiteGen: A revolution in wind energy generation. Energy,
34:355-361. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2008.10.003
Mercure, J.F. and P. Salas, 2012. An assessment of global energy resource economic potentials. Energy,
46: 322-336. DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2012.08.018
Fulford, D.J, Mosley, P., Gill, A. (2000), Field Report: Recommendation on the use of micro-hydro power
in rural development, Journal of International Development, 12, pp 975-983.
Environmental Quality Act, 1974, Government Printing, Kuala Lumpur.
Malaysia Environmental Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluents) Regulations, 1979, (Rev 1999, 2000)
Government Printing, Kuala Lumpur.
M. Arkam C. Munaaim, N. Hamidin, A. Ayob (2016), Review on the Potential of Micro Hydro Electric
Generator Embedded at Effluent Discharge Point of Sewerage Treatment Plant, Jurnal Teknologi, UTM
Press, In Press.

THANK YOU
Muhammad Arkam Bin Che Munaaim, PhD, PEng, IntPE.
HP: +6016 335 7727
Email: arkam@engineer.com

POTENTIAL OF MICRO HYDRO EMBEDDED AT EFFLUENT DISCHARGE POINT OF SEWERAGE TREATMENT PLANT

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POTENTIAL OF MICRO HYDRO EMBEDDED AT EFFLUENT DISCHARGE POINT OF SEWERAGE TREATMENT PLANT