The post-WWI period in America saw significant social, political, and economic changes. The Spanish Flu pandemic killed over 40 million worldwide. Labor unrest increased as workers went on major strikes in 1919. The 18th Amendment established Prohibition, while the 19th Amendment granted women's suffrage. Xenophobia grew due to fears of radicalism, fueling the First Red Scare and Palmer Raids targeting immigrants. Racial tensions erupted in major race riots across several cities. The economy initially struggled as wartime production ended before entering a boom in the 1920s.
This covers all of how America got into World War One through how we helped end the war in Europe. It also at the end discusses the treaty of Versailles.
This covers all of how America got into World War One through how we helped end the war in Europe. It also at the end discusses the treaty of Versailles.
Why did immigration become such a major issue in American society? The Open Door and Ellis Island. Restricting entry. What was the Red Scare? Who were Sacco and Vanzetti?
WHY IT MATTEREDDuring the course of World War I, the federal.docxalanfhall8953
WHY IT MATTERED
During the course of World War I, the federal govern-
ment brought approximately 2,000 prosecutions for
violations of the Espionage Act of 1917 or the Sedition
Act of 1918, the same laws under which it convicted
Schenck, Debs, and Frohwerk.
By the fall of 1919, however, Holmes had changed
his mind. The case of Abrams v. United States concerned
leaflets that criticized President Wilson’s “capitalistic”
government for sending troops to put down the
Russian Revolution. Justice Holmes, joined by Justice
Louis Brandeis, dissented from the majority of the
Court, which upheld the conviction. In his dissent,
Holmes emphasized the importance of a free exchange
of ideas so that truth will win out in the intellectual
marketplace. His reasoning won him acclaim as a pro-
tector of free speech.
The belief that truth will eventually win out in the
marketplace of ideas has become important legal justi-
fication for promoting freedom of speech.
HISTORICAL IMPACT
Disagreements about what kinds of speech are “free”
under the First Amendment continue. During the 1950s,
when people were jailed for supporting Communism,
and during the Vietnam War, when war protestors sup-
ported draft resistance, these issues again reached the
Supreme Court.
The Court has also been asked to decide if young
people in schools have the same First Amendment
rights as adults. In Tinker v. Des Moines School District
(1969), the Court ordered a school to readmit students
who had been suspended for wearing black arm bands
in protest of the war in Vietnam.
This so-called symbolic speech, such as wearing an
armband or burning a draft card or a flag to express an
opinion, has sparked heated debate. In Texas v. Johnson
(1989), the Court, by a narrow five to four vote, inval-
idated a law under which a man who burned an
American flag to protest Reagan administration poli-
cies had been convicted. The decision so outraged
some people that members of
Congress considered amending
the Constitution to prohibit any
“physical desecration” of the flag.
The amendment did not pass. Our
freedoms of expression continue
to depend upon the words in the
first article of the Bill of Rights,
written more than 200 years ago.
The First World War 603
THINKING CRITICALLYTHINKING CRITICALLY
CONNECT TO HISTORY
1. Analyzing Primary Sources Read Justice Holmes’s
dissent in Abrams v. United States. Compare it with the
opinion he wrote in Schenck v. United States. Explain the
major difference or similarity in the two opinions.
SEE SKILLBUILDER HANDBOOK, PAGE R22.
CONNECT TO TODAY
2.
Visit the links for Historic Decisions of the Supreme
Court to research articles about free speech issues.
Select several of these issues—such as whether hate
groups have a right to march—to discuss with other
students in your class. Choose one issue and, as a
group, write down as many arguments as you can on both
sides of the issue. Then present a debate to the class.
IINTERNET ACTIVITY CLASSZONE.COM
In.
This presentation was created by Babasab Patil, and all copyright belongs to him. Please visit his website at: http://sites.google.com/site/babambafinance/
Powerpoint created by Dr. Rex Butler at the New Orleans Theological Seminary. Available at:
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25. 1919 Race Riots The Omaha Race Riot occurred September 28, 1919. This photo shows rioters on the south side of Douglas County Courthouse in Omaha, Nebraska.
26. 1919 Race Riots Soldiers on guard at 24th and Lake streets in Omaha, following the riot.
27. 1919 Race Riots A disturbing photo of the burning of Will Brown's body during the Omaha riot.