President Wilson proposed his Fourteen Points plan to establish a just post-war world order and end World War I. This included creating the League of Nations to peacefully resolve international disputes. The Treaty of Versailles formally ended the war, punishing Germany severely and fueling German resentment. The United States did not join the League of Nations due to opposition in the Senate, leaving the country isolated after the war.

1. 9.4 The Impact of World War I

2. 14 Point Peace PlanPresident Wilson proposed his idea for peace known as the Fourteen Points. These were 14 ideas to improve the status of the world.His most famous point was the creation of a League of Nations. This league would gather and try to work out problems peacefully without war.This plan was used as propaganda before the war was up to convince Germany to surrender. Pamphlets dropped behind enemy line. Germans believed that this plan would be the basis of a peace compromise.

3. League of NationsMembers agree to reduce weapons to a level determined by immediate threatsAGREE TO PROTECT EACH OTHER AGAINST AGRESSION Colonies of the Central Powers would be supervised by the League members

4. Peace Conference in ParisThis conference was started in January 1919.It was held at the Palace of Versailles. The conference was ruled by the “Big Four” as they were called. 1. Woodrow Wilson United States 2. David Lloyd George Great Britain 3. Georges Clemenceau France 4. Vittorio Orlando ItalyFrance and England both wanted to PUNISH Germany…but there were no German representatives at the conference. Russia was not invited…why not?

5. Bolshevik Revolution in Russia.Communist USSR by 1922.

6. Treaty of VersaillesThis was the official treaty that ended the war. It was signed by Germany on June 28th, 1919.Germany accepted full responsibility for the warThe treaty did not allow Germany to have a big army.No air force and no soldiers west of the RhineIt also made Germany pay reparations that totaled $33 billion to allied nations.Meant to keep the German economy weak for a long time.This treaty fueled German hatred toward Europe and would lead to WWII.

10. Signing in the Hall of Mirrors

11. German losses after WWI

12. Austria’s Losses After the War

13. Senate Rejects the Treaty Time to vote on the Treaty in the US Congress

14. opposition argued that the League of Nations was an “entangling alliance” that the Founders argued against

15. The Senate refused to ratify the treaty.

16. President Wilson traveled the country trying to gain support.

17. He gave 30 speeches in 3 weeks.

18. He collapsed from exhaustion in Colorado and had a massive stroke.

19. When he left office in 1921, the U.S. still did not recognize the Treaty of Versailles.1920 1st Assembly of the L of NUSA was not there

20. U.S. after WWISoldiersreturned home as heroes however, there were not many job opportunities.2 million men back looking for work but the war factories were shutting down…recession beginsStrikes and riots were common due to the rise of inflation.Seattle General StrikeBoston Police Strike (Govenor Calvin Coolidge breaks it)The Steel Strike (350,000 steel workers)Racial tension increased. Terrorist bombings threatened to weaken our country.

21. Red Summer of 1919There were 25 riots that broke out across our country.Whites came back to find blacks had moved north and taken their jobs (when blacks lost jobs they blamed whites, and vice versa)The worst violence occurred in the Chicago race riot

22. Chicago Race Riot of 1919African American man crosses the “unwritten” segregation line at a public beachWhites begin throwing rocks at him and he drownsPolice called, no whites arrested, one black man is arrested for minor offensesWord spreads of what happens, fights break out…The riot in Chicago lasted 2 weeks.38 people died and 500 were injured.Membership in the NAACP increased after this was over.

26. “[We] only caught a ten-year-old Negro boy. [We] took his clothes off, and burned them. [We] burned his tail with lighted matches, made him step on lighted matches, urinated on him, and sent him running off naked with a couple of slaps in the face”

27. Detroit Race Riot

28. Tulsa Riots

29. Red ScareThe riots of 1919 lead to a fear of a Communist takeover (Red Scare).Communism became associated with hostility, disloyalty, and treason.Many “home made bombs” were found in the mail or detonated at buildings. Communists were blamed.Attorney General Mitchell Palmer house was damaged and he led the charge declaring the country was experiencing a revolution (like Russia)The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was created to find these communists.

30. Attorney General Palmer’s House

31. 1919In late April 1919, about 36 mail bombs were mailed to a wide cross-section of prominent politicians (including the Attorney General of the United States), justice officials and financiers, including John D. Rockefeller.June 1919…eight bombs exploded in 8 American cities within minutes of one another. Another 30 bombs were intercepted through the US Mail.9/11 was not the first terrorist attacks on the US

32. Anarchists Bomb Wall Street New York 1920 – kills 40

36. Uncle Sam (to Labor Party Representative) "You did splendidly, my boy, for a first attempt, but, for your own good and that of the country, get rid of that dangerous companion [anarchy] of yours....