Unit 3. studying population
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Population geography studies populations and their distribution, using demography to analyze characteristics like size, density, births and deaths. Demography provides important information for government planning. Countries gather population data through censuses, civil registries and municipal records. A population's structure includes its biological makeup by age and sex, seen in population pyramids, and its economic status. Natural population changes result from birth and death rates, shown through rates of natality, mortality and natural increase.
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Unit 3. studying population
Population geography studies populations and their distribution, using demography to analyze characteristics like size, density, births and deaths. Demography provides important information for government planning. Countries gather population data through censuses, civil registries and municipal records. A population's structure is studied through its biological makeup by age and sex (shown in population pyramids) and economic classifications. Natural population changes are measured through birth rates, death rates and rate of natural increase or decrease. This informs whether a population is growing or declining.
Unit 3. studying population
Population geography studies populations and their relationship with the environment. It uses demography, the statistical study of populations, to analyze characteristics like size, density, births and deaths. Governments monitor populations through censuses and records to plan services and collect taxes. Population structure examines age, sex, economic status, using tools like population pyramids. Natural growth rates like birth and death rates, and net migration, influence total population change over time.
Unit 2
This document discusses studying population through demography and geography. It defines key terms like population geography, demography, and explains why governments monitor population figures. Sources of demographic data are described, including censuses in developed countries and estimates in poorer nations. The structure of populations is analyzed using biological data like age and sex distributions in population pyramids. Natural population changes from births and deaths are quantified using rates like crude birth rate and death rate to measure population growth or decline.
Unit 3. studying population
Population geography studies populations and demography, which statistically analyzes population characteristics. Governments monitor population sizes for tax and military recruitment purposes. Modern states also consider education and healthcare needs. Developed countries use censuses while poorer estimates rely on estimates. Spain's census, civil registry, and municipal registers provide demographic data. Population structure examines age, sex, and economic factors. Biological structure uses population pyramids to show age and sex distributions. Economic structure considers active, employed, unemployed and inactive groups. Natural changes comprise birth and death rates while migration involves immigration and emigration. Rates reveal population trends and projections.
Unit 3. studying population
This document discusses population geography and demography. It begins by explaining that population geography studies the distribution and characteristics of human populations. It then discusses reasons for studying population, such as taxation and military recruitment. A key part of population geography is demography, which uses statistical analysis to study characteristics like age, sex, births and deaths. Developed countries often use censuses to gather demographic data, while less developed countries rely more on estimates. The document then examines population structure, using concepts like biological structure (analyzed using population pyramids) and economic structure. It also discusses natural population changes like birth and death rates, as well as migratory movements and their impact on actual population change.
Unit 3. Studying population
This document discusses why population studies are important and provides details on key concepts in population geography and demography. It notes that ancient societies studied populations to determine taxes and recruit soldiers, while modern states do so for purposes like pensions and education planning. Population geography analyzes population evolution, composition and spatial distribution using demography, which statistically studies populations in terms of size, density, vital statistics and more. Developed countries use censuses while poorer estimates rely on government and UN estimates. Spain collects data through censuses, civil registries, and municipal registers. Population is studied statically by characteristics and dynamically by natural and migratory movements. Biological structure looks at age and sex distributions via population pyramids, while economic structure considers
Unit 3. Studying population
This document discusses population geography and demography. It begins by explaining that population geography studies the distribution and characteristics of human populations. It then discusses reasons for studying population, such as taxation and military recruitment. A key part of population geography is demography, which uses statistical analysis to study characteristics like age, sex, births and deaths. Developed countries often use censuses to collect demographic data, while less developed countries rely more on estimates. The document then examines population structure, analyzing factors like age structure via population pyramids. It also considers economic structure, dividing populations into categories like employed and unemployed. Finally, it analyzes population change through natural increases/decreases and migratory movements.
Unit 3. studying population
The document discusses why studying population is important, including for tax collection, military recruitment, and government planning. It also examines population geography and demography, the tools used to study and analyze population characteristics like size, density, growth, and distribution. Demographic sources like censuses and civil registries provide data to determine population figures and characteristics in developed and developing nations.
Recommended
Unit 3. studying population
Population geography studies populations and their distribution, using demography to analyze characteristics like size, density, births and deaths. Demography provides important information for government planning. Countries gather population data through censuses, civil registries and municipal records. A population's structure is studied through its biological makeup by age and sex (shown in population pyramids) and economic classifications. Natural population changes are measured through birth rates, death rates and rate of natural increase or decrease. This informs whether a population is growing or declining.
Unit 3. studying population
Population geography studies populations and their relationship with the environment. It uses demography, the statistical study of populations, to analyze characteristics like size, density, births and deaths. Governments monitor populations through censuses and records to plan services and collect taxes. Population structure examines age, sex, economic status, using tools like population pyramids. Natural growth rates like birth and death rates, and net migration, influence total population change over time.
Unit 2
This document discusses studying population through demography and geography. It defines key terms like population geography, demography, and explains why governments monitor population figures. Sources of demographic data are described, including censuses in developed countries and estimates in poorer nations. The structure of populations is analyzed using biological data like age and sex distributions in population pyramids. Natural population changes from births and deaths are quantified using rates like crude birth rate and death rate to measure population growth or decline.
Unit 3. studying population
Population geography studies populations and demography, which statistically analyzes population characteristics. Governments monitor population sizes for tax and military recruitment purposes. Modern states also consider education and healthcare needs. Developed countries use censuses while poorer estimates rely on estimates. Spain's census, civil registry, and municipal registers provide demographic data. Population structure examines age, sex, and economic factors. Biological structure uses population pyramids to show age and sex distributions. Economic structure considers active, employed, unemployed and inactive groups. Natural changes comprise birth and death rates while migration involves immigration and emigration. Rates reveal population trends and projections.
Unit 3. studying population
This document discusses population geography and demography. It begins by explaining that population geography studies the distribution and characteristics of human populations. It then discusses reasons for studying population, such as taxation and military recruitment. A key part of population geography is demography, which uses statistical analysis to study characteristics like age, sex, births and deaths. Developed countries often use censuses to gather demographic data, while less developed countries rely more on estimates. The document then examines population structure, using concepts like biological structure (analyzed using population pyramids) and economic structure. It also discusses natural population changes like birth and death rates, as well as migratory movements and their impact on actual population change.
Unit 3. Studying population
This document discusses why population studies are important and provides details on key concepts in population geography and demography. It notes that ancient societies studied populations to determine taxes and recruit soldiers, while modern states do so for purposes like pensions and education planning. Population geography analyzes population evolution, composition and spatial distribution using demography, which statistically studies populations in terms of size, density, vital statistics and more. Developed countries use censuses while poorer estimates rely on government and UN estimates. Spain collects data through censuses, civil registries, and municipal registers. Population is studied statically by characteristics and dynamically by natural and migratory movements. Biological structure looks at age and sex distributions via population pyramids, while economic structure considers
Unit 3. Studying population
This document discusses population geography and demography. It begins by explaining that population geography studies the distribution and characteristics of human populations. It then discusses reasons for studying population, such as taxation and military recruitment. A key part of population geography is demography, which uses statistical analysis to study characteristics like age, sex, births and deaths. Developed countries often use censuses to collect demographic data, while less developed countries rely more on estimates. The document then examines population structure, analyzing factors like age structure via population pyramids. It also considers economic structure, dividing populations into categories like employed and unemployed. Finally, it analyzes population change through natural increases/decreases and migratory movements.
Unit 3. studying population
The document discusses why studying population is important, including for tax collection, military recruitment, and government planning. It also examines population geography and demography, the tools used to study and analyze population characteristics like size, density, growth, and distribution. Demographic sources like censuses and civil registries provide data to determine population figures and characteristics in developed and developing nations.
Unit 3
There are many factors that affect the uneven distribution of the world's 7.3 billion human population across Earth's surface. Physical factors like climate, topography, soil quality, and water availability influence where people live. Human factors such as political, economic, and technological developments also impact population patterns. Most people live in only 20% of the total land area, while 43% is sparsely populated. Population density calculations show vast differences between overpopulated and near-empty regions. While developed countries have low birth rates, developing countries experience high population growth, straining resources. This leads to issues like aging populations in developed nations and migration pressures in developing ones.
Unit 3. studying population
Studying population is important for governments to understand demographic trends and plan for services. Population geography uses demography to analyze population characteristics like size, density, and growth. Demography provides key data through tools like censuses, civil registries, and municipal registers. A population's structure includes its biological makeup by age and sex, as well as its economic characteristics. Natural increases from births and deaths, as well as migratory flows, influence a population's total growth rate.
Unit 3. Studying population
Population geography studies populations and their relationship to the physical environment. It analyzes population evolution, composition, and spatial distribution. Demography is the statistical study of human populations and is used to gather details about population size, density, vital statistics, and more. Developed countries use questionnaires like censuses to gather accurate population data and characteristics. Less developed countries rely more on estimates. Spain specifically uses population censuses from the National Statistics Institute, civil registries of births, deaths, and marriages, and municipal population registers. Population structure can be analyzed biologically by age and sex using population pyramids, or economically based on activity status. Natural population changes include birth and death rates, while migratory movements refer to immigration and em
Unit 3. studying population
Studying population is important for governments to understand demographic trends and plan for services. Population geography uses demography to analyze population characteristics like size, density, and growth. Demographic data comes from sources like censuses and vital records. A population's structure includes its biological makeup by age and sex, as well as its economic characteristics. Natural changes from births and deaths are expressed through rates, while migration patterns also influence population growth. Understanding these dynamics helps explain population changes over time.
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This document summarizes a study examining inequalities in life expectancy across subcity units in six large Latin American cities: Buenos Aires, Argentina; Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Santiago, Chile; San José, Costa Rica; Mexico City, Mexico; and Panama City, Panama. The study found large differences in life expectancy between subcity units within cities, with the largest gaps in Panama City and Mexico City and the narrowest in Buenos Aires and San José. Higher area-level socioeconomic status, as measured by education, was strongly associated with higher life expectancy. Spatial patterns in life expectancy varied between cities, related to their socioeconomic structure. The findings highlight the importance of policies addressing social inequalities to improve urban health in Latin
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The document discusses several indexes used to measure human development, including the Human Development Index (HDI), Gini Index, and Adjusted HDI. The HDI considers health, education, and income to evaluate standard of living. Health is measured by life expectancy and education by years of schooling. The Gini Index measures inequality within countries based on income distribution. The Adjusted HDI penalizes average achievement scores based on inequality to better reflect variations in development across populations. Mexico ranked 77th out of 188 countries in human development according to a UN analysis.
Population
This document discusses key concepts related to population studies including:
1. It defines population and demography, and describes sources used to obtain population information like censuses and municipal registers.
2. It explains factors that influence population distribution including physical conditions, human conditions, and population density which is used to measure distribution.
3. It describes natural population change through births and deaths, and how birth rates and death rates are calculated and vary between developed and developing countries. Natural increase is the difference between births and deaths.
4. It discusses regular and migratory population movement, with migratory movement including emigration and immigration between places.
The Second Demographic Transition: Trends and Expectations for the new Century
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Ciclo: "Envejecimiento y bienestar”. En colaboración con el Grupo de Estudios Población y Sociedad (GEPS)
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Thomas Malthus was an English economist who argued that population growth occurs exponentially while food production increases arithmetically, leading to a decrease in food per person. He believed that premature death from factors like famine, war, and disease were necessary to control the population. Malthus favored moral restraints like late marriage and abstinence for the poor classes to limit population growth. His influential writings promoted reducing support for the poor in England.
Malthus ppt
The document discusses criticisms of Malthusian theory, which predicted population would grow geometrically while food production grew arithmetically, leading to famine. Key criticisms include: 1) the mathematical forms were empirically wrong; 2) Malthus failed to foresee new agricultural areas; and 3) he applied a static law without considering technological and scientific advances that increased food production. Overall, empirical evidence shows Malthus was incorrect, as population growth has not outpaced food supply in developed countries.
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Fertility Europe is launching its #40reasons campaign and the second annual European Fertility Week to bring greater awareness to fertility issues in Europe. The campaign highlights 40 reasons why fertility matters from social, economic, and health perspectives. It comes at a time when fertility rates across Europe are declining below replacement levels, threatening Europe's economic and cultural influence. European Fertility Week aims to spark an open dialogue around fertility to reduce stigma and advocate for equal access to fertility treatments.
Unit 3
The document discusses factors that affect population distribution on Earth. Physical factors like climate, topography, soil quality, and access to water influence where people live. Temperate areas near water with fertile soil tend to be most populated. Human factors like economic opportunities, technology, and government policies also impact population distribution. The document then provides population statistics for different world regions and comparisons of population density between countries. It concludes by discussing some issues related to uneven population growth and development globally.
Unit 4
The document discusses factors that affect population distribution on Earth. Physical factors like climate, topography, soil quality, and access to water influence where people live. Temperate areas near water with fertile soil tend to be most populated. Human factors like economic opportunities, technology, and government policies also impact population distribution. The document then provides population statistics for different world regions and comparisons of population density between countries. It concludes by discussing some issues related to uneven population growth and development around the world.
Unit 3
- There are over 7 billion people living unequally distributed across Earth's surface due to physical and human factors. Physical factors like climate, topography, soil and water availability influence where people live. Human factors like political, economic and technological decisions also impact population distribution.
- Asia has the largest population due to high birth rates and increased life expectancy. Africa has a young population with high birth rates, though also high death rates. Europe and North America have stabilized populations with low birth and death rates. There are global disparities in development between wealthy developed nations and poorer developing nations.
Pop geog 1
The document discusses population studies and demography. It defines key terms like population, demography, and vital statistics. It explains that demography is the statistical study of populations and their characteristics. It also outlines various sources of population data, including censuses which count the entire population, vital registration systems which record births, deaths, marriages, and other events, and sample surveys. International organizations also collect and disseminate demographic and statistical data from countries.
UNIT 4
This document discusses factors that affect population distribution and differences in global population patterns. Physical factors like climate, topography, soil quality, and access to water influence where people live. Human factors such as economic opportunities, political decisions, and technology development also impact population distribution. There are large inequalities in population numbers and characteristics between more developed and less developed regions. Asia has the largest population while Oceania has the smallest population. Most countries in Africa and Asia have high population growth rates while rates are lower in Europe, North America, and Oceania.
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This document discusses several topics related to population, urbanization, and the environment. It begins by describing the process of fracking and some of its environmental risks, such as large water usage, potential groundwater pollution, and induced seismic activity. However, fracking also provides economic benefits like job creation and access to untapped energy reserves. The document then discusses trends in global population growth, noting that populations are growing most rapidly in developing countries with high fertility rates. It also outlines the stages of demographic transition and projects population changes for different world regions over the 21st century. The document further examines the process of urbanization, including the growth of cities and suburbs, and some challenges faced by urban and suburban areas like pollution, sprawl
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The document discusses population growth and structure. It begins by outlining factors that affect population distribution and density, such as physical, social, economic and political influences. It then describes population concepts like birth rate, death rate, natural increase/decrease, and density. Models of population change are presented, including the demographic transition model and population pyramids. Population pyramids illustrate age and sex structures and can indicate development levels. Overpopulation causes and problems are also summarized.
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This document discusses the population of Spain. It covers several topics:
1. Sources for demographic study such as censuses and population registries that provide data on population size, distribution, growth, and structure.
2. The distribution of Spain's population, which is uneven across areas with high densities in Madrid and coastal regions and low densities in interior regions.
3. Population growth, which has slowed in recent years due to lower birth rates and the 2008 financial crisis, contributing to population aging as life expectancy remains high.
CS12A - Lesson 1 : Human Population
This online lesson discusses demographics and overpopulation in the Philippines. It begins by defining demography and describing how the Philippines census is conducted. Key points from the 2010 census are provided, such as the total population and regional breakdown. Factors contributing to overpopulation in the Philippines include declining death rates, better medical facilities, lack of family planning, and immigration. Effects of overpopulation include depletion of resources, environmental degradation, conflicts, unemployment, and increased cost of living. Solutions discussed include improving education, promoting family planning awareness, sex education, and providing tax benefits for smaller families.
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Unit 3
There are many factors that affect the uneven distribution of the world's 7.3 billion human population across Earth's surface. Physical factors like climate, topography, soil quality, and water availability influence where people live. Human factors such as political, economic, and technological developments also impact population patterns. Most people live in only 20% of the total land area, while 43% is sparsely populated. Population density calculations show vast differences between overpopulated and near-empty regions. While developed countries have low birth rates, developing countries experience high population growth, straining resources. This leads to issues like aging populations in developed nations and migration pressures in developing ones.
Unit 3. studying population
Studying population is important for governments to understand demographic trends and plan for services. Population geography uses demography to analyze population characteristics like size, density, and growth. Demography provides key data through tools like censuses, civil registries, and municipal registers. A population's structure includes its biological makeup by age and sex, as well as its economic characteristics. Natural increases from births and deaths, as well as migratory flows, influence a population's total growth rate.
Unit 3. Studying population
Population geography studies populations and their relationship to the physical environment. It analyzes population evolution, composition, and spatial distribution. Demography is the statistical study of human populations and is used to gather details about population size, density, vital statistics, and more. Developed countries use questionnaires like censuses to gather accurate population data and characteristics. Less developed countries rely more on estimates. Spain specifically uses population censuses from the National Statistics Institute, civil registries of births, deaths, and marriages, and municipal population registers. Population structure can be analyzed biologically by age and sex using population pyramids, or economically based on activity status. Natural population changes include birth and death rates, while migratory movements refer to immigration and em
Unit 3. studying population
Studying population is important for governments to understand demographic trends and plan for services. Population geography uses demography to analyze population characteristics like size, density, and growth. Demographic data comes from sources like censuses and vital records. A population's structure includes its biological makeup by age and sex, as well as its economic characteristics. Natural changes from births and deaths are expressed through rates, while migration patterns also influence population growth. Understanding these dynamics helps explain population changes over time.
Unit 10. Population & demographic tensions
This document discusses population and demographics. It begins by defining key terms like population, demography, and census. It then explores why geography is interested in population and how demographers study factors like population distribution, density, growth rates, and movement. Specific topics covered include the evolution of the world's population over time, population densities in different countries, natural population movement through birth and death rates, and migratory movements. Demographic structures like age structure, gender structure, and economic structure are also summarized.
Care and Social Reproduction: Some Observations on Ireland
This document discusses the concept of social reproduction and care work. It defines social reproduction as all the labor necessary to sustain a society, including biological and social practices like childrearing. Social reproduction challenges distinctions between productive and reproductive labor. The document notes that care work is highly gendered, with women expected to take on the majority of unpaid care labor. It analyzes Irish census and survey data showing that care work, especially childcare, is undercounted and that women spend significantly more time in care labor than men.
Inequalities in life expectancy
This document summarizes a study examining inequalities in life expectancy across subcity units in six large Latin American cities: Buenos Aires, Argentina; Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Santiago, Chile; San José, Costa Rica; Mexico City, Mexico; and Panama City, Panama. The study found large differences in life expectancy between subcity units within cities, with the largest gaps in Panama City and Mexico City and the narrowest in Buenos Aires and San José. Higher area-level socioeconomic status, as measured by education, was strongly associated with higher life expectancy. Spatial patterns in life expectancy varied between cities, related to their socioeconomic structure. The findings highlight the importance of policies addressing social inequalities to improve urban health in Latin
Presentacion3
The document discusses several indexes used to measure human development, including the Human Development Index (HDI), Gini Index, and Adjusted HDI. The HDI considers health, education, and income to evaluate standard of living. Health is measured by life expectancy and education by years of schooling. The Gini Index measures inequality within countries based on income distribution. The Adjusted HDI penalizes average achievement scores based on inequality to better reflect variations in development across populations. Mexico ranked 77th out of 188 countries in human development according to a UN analysis.
Population
This document discusses key concepts related to population studies including:
1. It defines population and demography, and describes sources used to obtain population information like censuses and municipal registers.
2. It explains factors that influence population distribution including physical conditions, human conditions, and population density which is used to measure distribution.
3. It describes natural population change through births and deaths, and how birth rates and death rates are calculated and vary between developed and developing countries. Natural increase is the difference between births and deaths.
4. It discusses regular and migratory population movement, with migratory movement including emigration and immigration between places.
The Second Demographic Transition: Trends and Expectations for the new Century
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Ciclo: "Envejecimiento y bienestar”. En colaboración con el Grupo de Estudios Población y Sociedad (GEPS)
Ron Lesthaeghe
Profesor Emérito. Universidad Libre de Bruselas.
Madrid, 5 de mayo de 2011Malthusian lesson 11
Thomas Malthus was an English economist who argued that population growth occurs exponentially while food production increases arithmetically, leading to a decrease in food per person. He believed that premature death from factors like famine, war, and disease were necessary to control the population. Malthus favored moral restraints like late marriage and abstinence for the poor classes to limit population growth. His influential writings promoted reducing support for the poor in England.
Malthus ppt
The document discusses criticisms of Malthusian theory, which predicted population would grow geometrically while food production grew arithmetically, leading to famine. Key criticisms include: 1) the mathematical forms were empirically wrong; 2) Malthus failed to foresee new agricultural areas; and 3) he applied a static law without considering technological and scientific advances that increased food production. Overall, empirical evidence shows Malthus was incorrect, as population growth has not outpaced food supply in developed countries.
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Unit 3
The document discusses factors that affect population distribution on Earth. Physical factors like climate, topography, soil quality, and access to water influence where people live. Temperate areas near water with fertile soil tend to be most populated. Human factors like economic opportunities, technology, and government policies also impact population distribution. The document then provides population statistics for different world regions and comparisons of population density between countries. It concludes by discussing some issues related to uneven population growth and development globally.
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The document discusses factors that affect population distribution on Earth. Physical factors like climate, topography, soil quality, and access to water influence where people live. Temperate areas near water with fertile soil tend to be most populated. Human factors like economic opportunities, technology, and government policies also impact population distribution. The document then provides population statistics for different world regions and comparisons of population density between countries. It concludes by discussing some issues related to uneven population growth and development around the world.
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- Asia has the largest population due to high birth rates and increased life expectancy. Africa has a young population with high birth rates, though also high death rates. Europe and North America have stabilized populations with low birth and death rates. There are global disparities in development between wealthy developed nations and poorer developing nations.
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The document discusses population studies and demography. It defines key terms like population, demography, and vital statistics. It explains that demography is the statistical study of populations and their characteristics. It also outlines various sources of population data, including censuses which count the entire population, vital registration systems which record births, deaths, marriages, and other events, and sample surveys. International organizations also collect and disseminate demographic and statistical data from countries.
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This document discusses factors that affect population distribution and differences in global population patterns. Physical factors like climate, topography, soil quality, and access to water influence where people live. Human factors such as economic opportunities, political decisions, and technology development also impact population distribution. There are large inequalities in population numbers and characteristics between more developed and less developed regions. Asia has the largest population while Oceania has the smallest population. Most countries in Africa and Asia have high population growth rates while rates are lower in Europe, North America, and Oceania.
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The document discusses population growth and structure. It begins by outlining factors that affect population distribution and density, such as physical, social, economic and political influences. It then describes population concepts like birth rate, death rate, natural increase/decrease, and density. Models of population change are presented, including the demographic transition model and population pyramids. Population pyramids illustrate age and sex structures and can indicate development levels. Overpopulation causes and problems are also summarized.
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This document discusses the population of Spain. It covers several topics:
1. Sources for demographic study such as censuses and population registries that provide data on population size, distribution, growth, and structure.
2. The distribution of Spain's population, which is uneven across areas with high densities in Madrid and coastal regions and low densities in interior regions.
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This document discusses factors that affect population distribution on Earth. Physical factors like climate, topography, soil quality, and access to water influence where people live. Temperate areas near water with fertile land tend to be most populated. Human factors like economic opportunities, technology, and government policies also impact population distribution. The document provides examples of how population density is calculated and lists the most and least densely populated countries. It concludes by discussing issues related to population growth, aging populations, and development inequalities between wealthy and poor nations.
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Unit 3. studying population
- 1. UNIT 3. STUDYING POPULATION WHY IS IT NECESSARY TO STUDY POPULATION?
- 2. 1. POPULATION GEOGRAPHY Population geography: Studies the inhabitants of the planet and their relationship to the physical environment, analysing the evolution and composition of the population and its spatial distribution. To find out about (conocer más detalles) the population, geography uses a science: demography, which deal with the quantitative and statistical study of the population. Therefore, is the statistical study of human populations, especially with reference to size and density, distribution, and vital statistics (births, marriages, deaths, etc.).
- 3. A) USES OF DEMOGRAPHY. Since ancient times, governments have tried to monitor the number of inhabitants in their territory to find out who has to pay taxes or to make it easier to recruit soldiers. For example, in ancient Rome censors counted the population. In modern times, states have other reasons to be interested in population figures, such as planning for the cost of pensions or forecasting how many places are needed in schools and hospitals.
- 4. B) DEMOGRAPHIC SOURCES. Nowadays, developed countries count their population using questionnaires, such as census forms, which allow them to find out accurate population figures, as well as information about certain characteristics (age, sex, occupation…). However, in the poorest countries, population figures are based on estimates made by governments and by other agencies, such as United Nations, which allow them to know approximately population figures.
- 5. C) DEMOGRAPHIC SOURCES IN SPAIN THE POPULATION CENSUS: an official document published by the National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadística o INE). INE link: http://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/es/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736176951&menu=ultiDatos&idp=1254735572981
- 6. THE CIVIL REGISTRY: in this registry, the Ministry of Justice records all births, deaths and marriages that take place in the country. It is compulsory to register these events.
- 7. THE MUNICIPAL REGISTER (padrón municipal): a document prepared by municipalities which includes data on age, sex, addresses, level of education and economic activity of the inhabitants of a municipality.
- 8. Population geography studies the population from two different perspectives: DEMOGRAPHY STATIC Characteristics of population at any given time DISTRIBUTION STRUCTURE BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE: age or sex ECONOMIC SITUATION DYNAMIC Population´s evolution over time NATURAL MOVEMENTS MIGRATORY MOVEMENTS
- 9. 2. THE ESTRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION Population structure can be biological (in terms of age and sex) or economic (according to economic activity). A) BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION. Is its composition according to age and sex. In terms of age, we can distinguish three groups: the child population (0-14 years old) the adult population (15-64 years old) the elderly population (aged 65 and older). According to sex, we can calculate the percentage of men (males) and women (female) in the total population. For example, in Spain there are more females.
- 10. To study the biological structure of population, we can use population pyramids. There are different types of population pyramids: TRIANGLE SHAPE It reflects a very young population (High birth rate and high death rate) High percentage of population under 14 years. Very small group of elderly people. Example: poor countries in Africa or Asia. BELL SHAPE It reflects a young population (High birth rate but lower death rate) The group of elderly people has increased because the age of death is higher. Example: developing countries (Brazil or Argentina). URN SHAPE It reflects an ageing population because of fewer births (Low birth rate and low death rate) Example: population of Europe (image above) or Spain and developed countries, in general. POPULATION PYRAMIDS https://youtu.be/9gejJKbpqnM
- 11. POPULATION PYRAMID OF SPAIN
- 12. B) ECONOMIC STRUCTURE. Active population: people who are available to work (Active population in Spain: 58 %). Employed population: working population or people who have a paid job. Unemployed population: people who are looking for a job (Unemployment rate in Spain: 16 %). Inactive population: people who do not do paid work and are not seeking it. It includes children over 16, students, the retired, people unable to work.
- 13. 3. NATURAL MOVEMENTS THE BIRTH RATE (NATALIDAD): number of births during one year. If we want to know whether the birth rate is high or low, we have to calculate the crude birth rate according to the following formula: Note: birth rates are low in developed countries (have rates lower than 20 ‰), whereas less developed countries have rates with higher values (can be as high as 50 ‰). The crude birth rates in Europe are between 9 ‰ and 11 ‰. In Spain, 9.17 ‰.
- 14. THE DEATH RATE (MORTALIDAD). Is the number of deaths during one year. If we want to know whether the death rate of population is high or low, we have to calculate the crude death rate according to the following formula: Note: developed countries have low death rates (below 10 ‰), whereas in less developed countries these rates are high (poor sanitary conditions, hunger…). For example, in Spain the crude death rate is 8.48 ‰.
- 15. OTHER DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS RELATED TO MORTALITY: The infant mortality rate: In Spain 2.82 ‰ Life expectancy: an estimated average expresses the number of years that a person can generally expect to live for from the moment of their birth. In general, women have a higher life expectancy than men. Besides, in less developed countries life expectancy is below 50, while in developed countries it is about 80. In Spain, life expectancy is 82.87 years.
- 16. THE RATE OF NATURAL INCREASE. To calculate the rate of natural increase over a period of time, this formula is used: There is a positive natural increase if the number of births is higher than that of deaths → population is growing. There is a negative natural increase if the number of deaths is greater than births → number of inhabitants decreases. Note: The rate of natural increase in the world is at 1.2 %, indicating that the world population is continuing to grow. However, the highest rates correspond to developing countries. In Spain, the natural increase is 0.06 %
- 17. Currently, as you can see in the chart below, it is calculated that the world population exceeds 7.3 billion.