polymyalgia rheumatica
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A 71-year-old woman presented with aching pain and stiffness in her arms, hands, knees and feet for several months. She responded well initially to steroid treatment but had difficulty tapering off the dose. Examination found symmetrical joint swelling. Tests showed elevated inflammatory markers. She was diagnosed with possible polymyalgia rheumatica or late-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment with methotrexate and gradual steroid tapering was recommended.
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The document summarizes different types of arthritis including septic arthritis, gout, and crystal induced arthritis. It discusses the clinical features that distinguish articular from periarticular involvement as well as inflammatory from non-inflammatory arthritis. Diagnostic testing of synovial fluid such as cell count and microscopy for crystals is emphasized. Treatment of conditions like septic arthritis with antibiotics is outlined.
Fibromyalgia 2
Steven Smith presents a continuing education lecture on fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) for nurses and nurse practitioners. He begins by providing his conflict of interest statement, then asks a series of questions about what FMS is and whether it is a musculoskeletal, mental, or inflammatory condition. He explains that FMS is thought to be an illness of the central nervous system, specifically the neuroendocrine system. Smith discusses central sensitization syndrome and concepts like wind-up phenomenon and neurotransmitters involved in ascending and descending pain pathways. He emphasizes the importance of understanding the pathophysiology of FMS in order to properly treat it. Smith stresses that FMS is diagnosed through a thorough history and physical exam to rule out other conditions. He provides examples of
Central Sensitization In Chronic Pain
Central sensitization refers to increased responsiveness of the central nervous system to sensory input. It involves plastic changes in the brain and spinal cord due to peripheral input and neuronal remodeling. This includes long term potentiation and long term depression at synapses, neuroanatomic spreading, and changes in neurochemistry, immunology, and sensory processing in the brain and spinal cord. Central sensitization can amplify pain signals and lead to chronic pain conditions.
Fibromyalgia powerpoint completed
Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread muscle pain, tenderness, and stiffness. It predominantly affects women between 25-55 years old. Common symptoms include fatigue, headaches, sleep disturbances, and abnormal pain sensation. While the cause is unknown, genes and physical trauma may play a role. Treatments include exercise, acupuncture, massage, medications, and psychotherapy to manage pain and fatigue.
Fibromyalgia lecture2010
This document provides information about fibromyalgia including its definition, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Fibromyalgia is defined as a chronic pain condition characterized by widespread muscle aches, pain and tenderness in at least 11 of 18 tender points. It predominantly affects women and has no known cause but may involve abnormalities in how the brain processes pain signals. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications like exercise, stress management and adequate sleep, along with medications to reduce pain and improve symptoms. While there is no cure for fibromyalgia, treatment can help manage symptoms and many people are able to lead active lives.
Polyarthritis (clinical approach)
An apt yet detailed description of Polyarthritis for undergraduate level with basic definitions, classification, concept, clinical features along with descriptive images, diagnosis & assessment with distinguishing features along with differential diagnosis.
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Approach towards a case of musculoskeletal disorder.#
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Complex Regional Pain Syndrome - dr. Syafruddin Gaus, Ph.D
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome - dr. Syafruddin Gaus, Ph.D
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Rheumatoid arthritis current diagnosis and treatment
This document provides information on the diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It begins with an introduction to RA, noting that it is a chronic inflammatory joint disease affecting approximately 1% of the population. It then discusses the clinical presentation and manifestations of RA, including onset, patterns of joint involvement, and articular and extra-articular symptoms. The document reviews the diagnostic criteria for RA and covers laboratory investigations and radiographic features. It concludes with an overview of the goals and various treatment modalities for RA, including NSAIDs, corticosteroids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), immunosuppressive therapies, and biological therapies.
rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive inflammatory disorder characterized by symmetric synovitis and joint erosions. Approximately 1% of adults are affected. RA results in significant costs, morbidity, and mortality. The pathogenesis involves genetic and immunological factors. Early diagnosis and treatment can slow structural damage. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate are first-line treatments, with the goal of controlling disease activity and slowing progression. Combination DMARD therapy may provide superior outcomes to single agents. New therapies are still needed to further improve safety profiles and disease control.
Advances in myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia gravis is a disease of skeletal muscle acetylcholine receptors caused by antibodies that prevent acetylcholine from binding to receptors, inhibiting nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction. Symptoms vary in severity and commonly involve the eyes, face, throat, or limbs. Diagnosis involves the Tensilon test and repetitive nerve stimulation or single-fiber electromyography to confirm impaired neuromuscular transmission. Treatment includes acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, immunosuppression with corticosteroids and other drugs, immunomodulation therapies like plasmapheresis, and thymectomy in some cases.
RA undergraduates
This document provides information on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including its presentation, pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, management, and complications. Some key points:
- RA is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the joints in a symmetrical pattern. It has an unknown cause but is associated with certain genetic factors. Left untreated, it can cause long-term joint damage and disability.
- Diagnosis is based on symptoms lasting over 6 weeks in multiple joints as well as laboratory findings like elevated inflammatory markers and autoantibodies. Imaging can detect early bone erosions not seen on x-rays.
- Treatment aims to induce and maintain remission to prevent joint damage, with a treat-to-target approach. This
Myasthenia gravis
This document provides information about Myasthenia Gravis (MG), including its epidemiology, clinical presentation, immunopathology, diagnostic procedures, treatment, and management of different subtypes. Some key points include:
- MG is an autoimmune disorder causing muscle weakness due to antibodies interfering with acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction.
- It can present with symptoms like ptosis, diplopia, limb or swallowing weakness.
- Diagnosis involves tests like repetitive nerve stimulation, serum acetylcholine receptor antibody levels, and single fiber electromyography.
- Treatment includes pyridostigmine, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, IVIG, plasma exchange,
rheumatoid arthritis.ppt
This document discusses rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including its diagnosis, management, and treatment. Some key points:
1) RA is a common inflammatory joint disease that affects approximately 1% of the population. It is characterized by persistent inflammatory synovitis leading to joint damage.
2) Diagnosis is based on symptoms like morning stiffness and joint involvement patterns, along with serological markers like rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies. Disease activity is monitored through clinical exams, labs, and imaging.
3) Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach including medications like NSAIDs, DMARDs such as methotrexate, steroids, and biologics that target cytokines like TNF-α to reduce
RA for undergraduates: diagnosis & treatment.
This document provides information on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including its presentation, pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, management, and complications. Some key points:
- RA is a chronic inflammatory disease that primarily affects the joints in a symmetrical pattern. It has an unknown cause but is associated with certain genetic factors.
- Diagnosis is based on symptoms lasting over 6 weeks involving at least 3 joint areas. Serological markers and imaging can help with diagnosis. Untreated, it can lead to long-term joint damage and disability.
- Management involves early use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like methotrexate to reduce inflammation and prevent joint damage. Biologics may be
Rheumatoid arthritis
This document discusses rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by joint inflammation and damage. The clinical presentation of RA involves symmetric joint pain, swelling, and morning stiffness. The pathogenesis involves an immune response involving T cells, B cells, and cytokines like TNF-alpha that promote inflammation. Disease activity is the main driver of joint damage and disability in RA. Treatment involves conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and biologic agents to reduce inflammation, prevent further joint destruction, and improve function.
Biologic Therapy
The document discusses biologic therapies for rheumatological conditions. It provides information on TNF antagonists that are approved for treating diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies, and psoriasis. It discusses the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, administration, and safety monitoring of TNF inhibitors like infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab. The document also summarizes clinical trial data on the effectiveness of TNF inhibitors for conditions like Crohn's disease and ankylosing spondylitis.
Ra and oa residents
This document discusses rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including its etiology, classification criteria, clinical features, diagnostic testing, complications, and treatment approaches. RA is a chronic inflammatory disorder that primarily involves synovial joints, with symmetric involvement of hands/feet typically seen. Diagnosis relies on clinical exam showing inflamed joints and laboratory tests like rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies. If left untreated, RA can cause long-term joint damage and functional disability. Treatment involves medications like NSAIDs, DMARDs, steroids, and biologics to reduce inflammation and prevent structural damage.
final_rheumatoid_arthritis.ppt
Arthritis is inflammation of the joints that can affect people of all ages. The joints are made of cartilage, synovial membrane, and bone. There are two main types - inflammatory arthritis like rheumatoid arthritis which causes persistent joint inflammation, and degenerative arthritis from normal wear and tear. Rheumatoid arthritis specifically affects the synovium and causes symmetrical joint pain, stiffness, and swelling. It is assessed based on symptoms, physical exam, blood tests for rheumatoid factor and anti-CCP antibodies, and x-rays. Treatment involves medications like NSAIDs for pain and swelling, DMARDs to slow disease progression, and corticosteroids for flares, with the goal of relieving symptoms and preventing long-
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS with dmards classification.pptx
rhematoid arthritis in ortho paedics and dmards classifications and indications
Juvenile+Rheumatoid+Arthritis+slides+
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a general term for arthritis in children. It is characterized by joint inflammation, swelling, and pain. There are different subtypes classified by the number and pattern of involved joints. Treatment has shifted to more aggressive early treatment with medications to prevent long-term joint damage, and may include NSAIDs, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs like methotrexate, biologic medications, and corticosteroids depending on the subtype and severity of symptoms. JRA can cause long-term disabilities but early treatment aims to improve prognosis and prevent complications.
Juvenile+Rheumatoid+Arthritis+slides
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is a general term for arthritis and related conditions occurring in children under 16 years old. It is characterized by inflammation of connective tissues causing joint swelling and pain. There are different subtypes classified based on the number and pattern of involved joints. Treatment has shifted to more aggressive early treatment with medications to prevent joint damage, and includes NSAIDs, DMARDs like methotrexate, biologics like etanercept, and corticosteroids. Outcomes depend on subtype, but can include long term joint damage, disability, and risk of continued arthritis into adulthood.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
This document provides information about rheumatoid arthritis (RA). It discusses the following key points:
1. RA is a progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by symmetric inflammation of the joints and potential damage to cartilage and bone. It most commonly affects women between ages 35-60.
2. Symptoms include pain, swelling, and stiffness in the small joints of the hands and feet. Left untreated, it can lead to joint deformities and loss of function.
3. Treatment involves relieving pain, reducing inflammation, and slowing disease progression through medications like DMARDs, biologics, steroids, and NSAIDs. Early, aggressive treatment is important to control symptoms and prevent long-term damage.
Rheumatoid arthritis management
1. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that targets the synovial tissue, with a prevalence of 0.8% in adults worldwide.
2. Current therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis focus on early, aggressive intervention and include medications such as DMARDs, biologics, corticosteroids, and surgery.
3. DMARDs are first-line medications and include methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, and leflunomide. Biologics that target cytokines like TNF-alpha and IL-6 are used if DMARDs are ineffective or for severe disease.
Lupus Nephritis Dilemma - Prof. Mohsen El Kosi
This document discusses Lupus Nephritis (LN), a common complication of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) that affects the kidneys. It covers the epidemiology and diagnostic criteria of SLE, outlines current treatment options for LN including steroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics, and discusses ongoing clinical trials. It also examines challenges in LN management such as variability in histological classification systems and lack of consensus on treatment protocols. Overall, the document provides an overview of LN as a complex condition with ongoing efforts to improve diagnosis and outcomes.
Pituitary
This document discusses treatment recommendations for pituitary tumours based on factors like tumour size, extent of resection, and secretory status. Completely resected tumours can be observed, while radiotherapy is recommended for large or invasive residual tumours. There is a lack of consensus around small residual tumours which may be observed or treated with radiotherapy. Radiotherapy dose is typically 45-50Gy in 1.8Gy fractions. Radiosurgery may be used for small, well-localized residuals while tumours close to the optic chiasm require three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. Potential complications of radiotherapy include hypopituitarism, cerebrovascular events and second brain tumours.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Early Diagnosis and Treatment
Dr. Swamy Venuturupalli talks about Rheumatoid Arthritis, Early Diagnosis and Treatment at the James R. Klinenberg symposium on Rheumatic diseases in Pasadena, CA.
Rheumatoid Arthritis.pptx
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects about 0.8-2.1% of the population. It is characterized by symmetric inflammation of joints that can lead to joint damage over time. While the exact cause is unknown, genetics and autoimmunity are thought to play a role. Treatment involves medications like NSAIDs for symptom relief and DMARDs like methotrexate to slow disease progression. Left untreated, rheumatoid arthritis can cause pain, deformities, and loss of function in joints as well as increase the risk of other health issues.
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Rheumatoid arthritis current diagnosis and treatment
Rheumatoid arthritis current diagnosis and treatment
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS with dmards classification.pptx
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS with dmards classification.pptx
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Early Diagnosis and Treatment
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Early Diagnosis and Treatment
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This document summarizes various inflammatory mediators including cytokines, chemokines, lipid mediators, and neuropeptides. It describes the sources and functions of different cytokines such as IL-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and chemokines such as IL-8 and RANTES. It also discusses the roles of lipid mediators like leukotrienes and prostaglandins in inflammation.
Fevers And Rheum Disease
This document discusses the evaluation and differential diagnosis of fever in rheumatic diseases. It covers the hypothalamic control of fever and endogenous pyrogens. Prolonged unexplained fever (PUO) is evaluated, considering infections, neoplasms, and immunogenic inflammation. Specific rheumatic diseases associated with fever are discussed, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, and childhood conditions like rheumatic fever and familial Mediterranean fever. A basic approach to investigating PUO and vasculitis is outlined.
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Vertebroplasty
1) Vertebroplasty involves injecting PMMA into compressed vertebrae to relieve pain and strengthen bone by increasing load bearing and stiffness.
2) It was first performed in 1984 and widely used in the 1990s in the US to treat painful osteoporotic fractures.
3) Indications include painful new or progressive osteoporotic fractures refractory to medical therapy, after conservative treatment fails, and for certain high risk cases.
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Arthritis
Osteoarthritis is a common form of arthritis that damages joints through wear and tear. While there is no cure, physiotherapy can help manage osteoarthritis symptoms by reducing pain, improving movement and posture, and strengthening muscles. Physiotherapy treatments for osteoarthritis include exercises tailored to each individual, as recent research shows exercise is effective for managing knee osteoarthritis. Exercises help maintain movement, improve joint nutrition and strength, and support general fitness.
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Ankle sprains occur when the ligaments in the ankle are overstretched or torn from the ankle rolling during physical activity. Physiotherapists can assess the severity of the sprain and provide treatments like exercises and manual techniques to reduce swelling and pain to allow for healing and prevent long-term issues. Early physiotherapy along with resting, icing, compressing and elevating the ankle (RICE method) leads to quicker recovery compared to leaving it untreated and continuing strenuous activity. Returning to work or sport too early can delay healing, so physiotherapists can provide guidance on rehabilitation and taping or bracing to allow a safe return to activity.
Trigger Finger
Trigger digits, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a common condition where the tendons in the fingers get inflamed and swollen, making it difficult or impossible to flex and extend the finger smoothly. There are two main types - nodular, where a distinct nodule is felt, and diffuse, where the swelling is less defined. Treatment depends on the type and duration of symptoms. For early nodular cases or diffuse cases of less than 6 months, non-invasive treatments like splinting, NSAIDs, massage and steroid injections are usually effective. For longstanding or severe cases, surgical release of the tendon sheath may be necessary if conservative treatments fail.
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Out Come Of R
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I Related Arthritis
A 64-year-old man with Crohn's disease presented with recurrent painful swelling of both knees. His knees were aspirated and injected twice without relief of symptoms. His Crohn's disease symptoms improved when his azathioprine dose was increased.
Cases For S Teaching1
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Carpometacarpal ( C)
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