The Conservative Party adheres to conservative philosophies of maintaining the status quo and gradual change. One Nation Conservatism from the 20th century promoted welfare and social harmony. Thatcherism in the 1970s rejected consensus and promoted free markets. Cameron advocated compassionate conservatism and local control. The Labour Party was founded on socialist ideals of public ownership and workers' rights. Old Labour was union-dominated while New Labour under Blair distanced itself from unions and promoted moderate social democratic policies. Miliband has criticized New Labour and advocates a stronger state role in the economy.
Defines totalitarianism; highlights Mussolini, Stalin, and Hitler with clips of all three (don't have to use the entire length of clips). Also, there is a youtube clip from the movie V for Vendetta
Government in France
*french republic
*Government of France
--> Republic of France
-Executive
-- Misister
-- President
-legislative
-- Senate
-- Congress
-Judicial
*Function of the French government
Thankyou very Much (Leave a Comment)
Defines totalitarianism; highlights Mussolini, Stalin, and Hitler with clips of all three (don't have to use the entire length of clips). Also, there is a youtube clip from the movie V for Vendetta
Government in France
*french republic
*Government of France
--> Republic of France
-Executive
-- Misister
-- President
-legislative
-- Senate
-- Congress
-Judicial
*Function of the French government
Thankyou very Much (Leave a Comment)
The bitter rivalry of Hugh Gaitskell (Labour-right) and Aneurin 'Nye' Bevan (Labour Left) within the British Labour party between 1951-64 over party policy and ideology.
The Progressive EraTriangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire.docxoscars29
The Progressive Era
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
Shirtwaists
Factory Work
Horror
Press Accounts
Anger
Union Response
Progressivism
• Influential reform movement – mid 1890s-end of WWI
• Many impulses – both liberal and conservative;
Republican and Democrat
• Desired to soften the harsh impact of industrialization,
urbanization and immigration
• Began in the cities among the middle classes
• First nationwide reform movement
General Middle Class Unease
• America now a world power with an empire
• Most productive industrial nation
• Dramatic economic and demographic changes
• Social Problems
Specific Developments
• Depression of the 1890s
• Emergence of both Populist and
Socialist parties
• Numerous strikes and the rise of
some small, but violent, unions
• Arrogance of large corporations
• The assassination of President
McKinley by an anarchist
Reforms
• Relied on the new social sciences
• Moralistic and optimistic
• Need to reform society and institutions for “social
efficiency”
• But no single motive behind reforms
Social Gospel
• Humanitarian reformers
• A means to translate faith into action
• “ministers of reform” and “reforms of the heart”
• Social justice impulses
Jane Addams and Hull House
Self-Interest
• Middle class feared
possible class warfare or
the rise of socialism
• Believed that reform to
institutions and society
needed
• Worried about widening
gap between the few
“haves” and the many
“have-nots”
• Also feared the rising
immigrant tide as a
“menace” to democracy
Sense of Vulnerability
• Individuals no longer exercised control over their own
destinies
• The powerful corporation, “vested interests,”
“malefactors of great wealth” held the people hostage
• Reforms needed to protect/extend individual rights in the
modern industrial era
Muckrackers
• Articulated the general fears
• Gave focus to anxieties
• Laid bare the “shameful facts”
• Raised public awareness of
specific issues upon which to
focus reform
Women’s Activism
• General Federation of
Women’s Clubs – united white
middle class women’s clubs in
1890
• National Association of
Colored Women – organized
black middle class women’s
clubs in 1896
• Issues: suffrage, libraries,
schools, parks, hospitals,
sanitation, juvenile courts,
public health, pure foods and
drugs, etc.
Types of Reform
• Four broad categories
– To make the government more efficient, honest and
responsive to the popular will
– More stringent regulation of business to protect
consumers, workers and small businesses
– Efforts to improve the quality of life in the cities
– Use of the coercive power of government to impose
middle class standards on personal behavior and
morality
Moral “Reforms”
• Prohibition, anti-gambling, close dance halls
• Mandatory sterilization of sex offenders, certain criminals
and mentally deficient persons
• “Americanizing” immigrants
Grass-.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2. Key Terms & Concepts
• Conservatism
• Socialism
One Nation
Conservatism Thatcherism
Cameron:
Compassionate
Conservatism
New LabourOld Labour Brown &
Miliband
3. The Conservative Party:
Overview I
• Founded in 1834
• Adheres to the philosophies of conservatism and
British unionism. (Union of GB & NI)
What is ‘conservatism?’
“A social & political philosophy which seeks to retain
‘social institutions”
- Pragmatic approach (slow, incremental change)
- Seeks to maintain the ‘status quo’ / no radical change
- Favours well established conditions, therefore slow,
progressive change to legislation.
4. Overview II
• One of two dominant parties in the 19th Century
• (Conservatives & Liberals)
• 20th Century – (1920’s + Conservatives &
Labour)
• In office for 57 years of the 20th Century
• Notably Churchill (1940 – 45, 1951-55)
• Thatcher (1979 – 1990)
5. One Nation Conservatism I
• This was the name given to the general ideology
of the party during the 20th century until the
birth of Thatcherism in the 1970’s.
•
* Post WW2 this was used to justify promoting
FULL EMPLOYMENT, welfare provision for the
poor & promoting social harmony.
Term derives from Disraeli (1804-81) (1874-80)
He thought the greatest threat to society lay in
the failure to integrate the poorer classes in to
mainstream society. This needed to be done!
6. One Nation Conservatism II
• Key beliefs/core values
• Redistribution of tax
• Social welfare – provision for the poor.
• State education & healthcare
• State pension schemes
• Compromise & consensus among the people.
• ‘Paternal Conservatism’ (State as a ‘father’)
• Government should provide for and regulate for its
citizens as a father would his children.
• Ruling class has a duty to promote the welfare of its
people.
• Compassionate, concern for other – more inclusive.
• ‘ONE NATION’
7. Thatcherism: 1970’s +
• Rejected the consensus politics of the ‘post-war’ era and rejected
conservative pragmatism for the ideology of a free-market and
competition. (everything up for grabs – no longer ‘one nation’)
• Thatcherism & The New Right argued that the state needed to be
‘reigned’ back & spending needed to be cut. No ‘nanny state’
• Example: privatisation of national industries & sale of council houses
• Rugged ‘individualism’
• Belief that as individuals are self-interested and should endeavour
to do our best & achieve our potential.
• ‘Get on your bike’ (to look for work)
• ‘Stand on your own two feet’
• ‘Self help’
• Defended Britain's national interest – ‘euro sceptic’
8. Cameron’s compassionate
conservatism & the Big Society
• “Political philosophy that stresses using traditionally conservative
methods & concepts in order to improve the general welfare of
society.”
• Social problems such as healthcare or immigration better tackled
through charities/corporations etc rather than directly through the
government departments. Transfer of state responsibilities to
external agencies – communities taking control of themselves.
• Big emphasis on Social Justice –
• E.g. giving individuals and families facing multiple disadvantages
the support and tools they need to turn their lives around. No
‘benefit culture’ ‘PEOPLE power & big society’
•
• Supports the ideals of:
• - Traditional families
• - Welfare reform to promote individual responsibility
• - Active policing
• - Standards-based schools (cf. No Child Left Behind)
• - Assistance (economic or otherwise) to poor countries.
9. The Labour Party
Overview I
• Founded in 1900
• Originally established as a left wing party (though is now
considered more centre left) and has maintained its stance as a
democratic socialist party.
• What is ‘socialism’?
• “Social organisation in which the means of producing and
distributing goods is owned collectively or by a centralized
government that often plans and controls the economy.”
• - democratic socialist – done in a democratic capacity.
• Labour party has been described as a ‘Broad Church’ containing a
diversity of ideological trends from strongly socialist, to more
moderately social democratic.
10. The Labour Party
Overview II
• Overtook the Liberal Party in the
1920’s in the two party system.
• Formed minority Governments under
Macdonald (1924, 29-31)
• Majority Governments post-war under
Attlee (1945-51) Wilson (1974-76)
• Longest serving Labour PM – Blair
(1997 – 2007)
• Blair signified a break in the party from ‘Old
Labour’ to ‘New Labour’
11. Old Labour
• Trade union ideas and interests dominated the early
history of the Labour Party.
• ‘emerged from the bowels of the trade union
movement’ (Bevin) – product of this movement.
Clause Four – original basis of the party 1918:
Public ownership of key industries
(Nationalisation)
Government intervention in the economy
Redistribution of wealth
Increased rights for workers
Welfare state – ‘cradle to the grave’
State education and healthcare. (1948 NHS)
Raise taxes to pay for public services
Maintained close relationship with trade unions
Attlee 1945-51
Wilson 1964-70
12. New Labour/ The Third Way
1997 – 2010 II
• Trade unions losing its influence?
• ‘One person one vote’ for trade unions – rather than previous
block voting.
• No longer dominated by trade union interests?
• Symbolic – change of logo from manual workers tools to red logo.
• Previous targeted electorate had changed. Working class
proportion had become smaller and more fragmented along
ethnic and gender lines. Could no longer win elections by
depending on the vote of white, working class male manual
labourers.
• Now needed to appeal to ‘Middle England’ – an electoral
necessity.
• Emphasis on ‘cohesion’, ‘solidarity’, ‘community’ , ‘fairness’
• Blair amended clause 4 1995.
13. New Labour II
• Core values & beliefs:
• Equality for all – equality of opportunity
• Community ‘we achieve more together than we do alone’
• Break away from Old Labour – did not raise taxes to pay
for public services.
• Public/private mix. Rejects public ownership.
• Equal and mutual respect for freedom for all.
• Some important implementations:
• National minimum wage
• Devolution
• EU Court of Human rights in to UK law.
14. Post 2010 – Miliband – ‘One Nation’
• Miliband has publically criticised the policies/ideology
of New Labour and suggests that the party needs to
attract traditional labour voters alienated by Blair.
• Argues for further government in the economy.
• Plans for new taxes for higher paid workers, an assault
on City bankers and new trade union rights for
employees
‘Predistribution’,
Inequality is tackled not through redistributing
money to the poor by taxing the rich and
providing benefits, but through fairer, more
equal wages so that welfare services are less
needed.
Editor's Notes
Established conditions/institutions – example gay marriage 2013.
Over half the party voted against.
Benjamin Disraeli – (Prime Minister 1874 – 1980)
Bevridge report – social insurance. (basis for the Welfare state 1940)
Law & Order very important. Strong yet limited state.
New Right – think tank/school of thought.
There is no such thing as society – bunch of self interested individuals.
Gas, water, electricity & steel - privatised
Socialism: largely came around as a result of industrialisation – represented the viewpoint of the growing industrial workforce who wanted a radical distribution of income & wealth.
Favoured a planned rather than free market economy.
Labour Party was formed in 1900 as the Labour Representation Committee from an alliance of some trade unions seeking parliamentary election to protect trade union rights and interests.
In 1947 – Labour Party reprinted the communist manifesto with an introduction by Harold Laski (chairman of the Labour Party 45-46) – very left wing.
Post war Attlee proved to be most radical of the 20th centrury?
Nationalised industries:
Bank of England, coal mining, the steel industry, electricity, gas, inland transport (including railways, road haulage and canals).
“Cradle to the grave” welfare state – provision from birth to death.
1948 - NHSAttlee's gov began the process of dismantling the Empire:
Granted independence to India and Pakistan in 1947, followed by Burma (Myanmar) and Ceylon (Sri Lanka) the following year.
Wilson (64 – 70) – socialist state education reforms/legalisation of abortion and homosexuality (men only 21 and over)
Logo changed 1983
Problem for labour – led by middle class graduates, working class white men was its previous supporters. Middle class growing and working class population/proportion was smaller than it once was and became fragmented under gender & ethnic lines/ private & public/ skills and unskilled workers.