The document defines nationalism, fascism, and Nazism. It discusses the rise of extreme nationalism in Europe prior to World War 1, specifically focusing on the rise of the Nazi party in Germany and the fascist party in Italy led by Mussolini. It explains how Hitler and Mussolini rose to power in their countries in part by appealing to nationalist sentiments and establishing totalitarian regimes based on extreme nationalism, cultural superiority, and opposition to communism.

1. To Begin
On another piece of paper, write an answer for
the following question
What does it mean to have
“pride”? When is it good or
OK to have pride? When can
is it not OK to have pride?

2. The Rise of Extreme
Nationalism in Europe
Prior to World War 1
1915 to 1933

3. First, some definitions
Nationalism: the pride someone has in their
nation. When an individual identifies with or
becomes attached to the idea or symbols of
their nation. By itself, not “good” or “bad”

4. First, some definitions
Fascism: A form of Italian totalitarian politics,
which is known for its extreme nationalism. In
the modern world, “fascism” is a general term
for totalitarian governments, and is used
colloquially as an insult
YOU
FASCIST!

5. First, some definitions
Nazism: a form of totalitarian German politics,
known for their extreme nationalism and radical
racial politics. In the modern day, we call the
Nazi regime a “fascist” government, but at the
time they were separate from Mussolini’s
Fascist party. The term “nazi” is also used as
an insult today.

6. In short
Nationalism: pride in one’s country
Fascism: an Italian form of extreme nationalism
Nazism: a German form of extreme nationalism

7. The Rise of the Nazis
● End of World War I -
Treaty of Versailles
o Germany humiliated
o Some believe the war
could have been won
● Increased feeling of
pride in the German
state

8. Hitler
● Soldier in World War I
● Is extremely disappointed
with his own government
● Joins German Worker’s
Party in 1919
o Ultra-nationalist
o Anti-communist
o Anti-capitalist
o Anti-Jewish
o Only 55 members when
Hitler joins

9. Nazi Party
● In 1920, German Worker’s
Party changes name to
National Socialist German
Worker’s Party or “nazis”
for short
● By 1923, the party has
40,000 members any many
more Germans are
sympathetic to their cause

10. Nazi Party
● The nazis attempt a
government takeover in
1923, but Hitler is
arrested
● During 1924, Hitler in jail,
but writes “Mein Kampf”
or “My Struggle”
● Blames Germany’s defeat
on the “racial problem”
and especially on Jewish
people

11. Nazi Party
● In 1930, Nazis
receive 18% of vote
in parliament
● In 1932, Hitler runs
for president,
losses, but receives
35% of the vote
● July 1933, Nazis
were the only legal
party in Germany

12. Meanwhile, in Italy...
● Benito Mussolini forms
the Fascist party in Italy in
1914
● Extreme Nationalism
● Force in government
● No democracy
(totalitarian)
● Cultural superiority

13. Mussolini
● In favor of World War
One
o As a way to prove
Italian superiority
● Was creating fascist
political parties in
1915
● In 1921, formed a
new “mainstream”
party, National
Fascist Party

14. Fascists
● Growing popularity
throughout Italy, especially
with young men
● Against left-wing
government
● Against workers strikes

15. Fascists
● 1922 - 200,000 Fascists march on Rome
o This event greatly inspired Hitler
● Mussolini is appointed as Prime Minister

16. Mussolini in Power
● Mussolini is granted
powers of a dictator
● Begins to outlaw
other political parties
and gain power
● Use of force
● A lot of Italians
wanted a powerful
leader
● Wanted to form an
empire

17. Hitler and Mussolini Together
● Mussolini wants to
expand - invades
Ethiopia and Albania
● Major powers oppose
Mussolini
● The only country that
supported Italy’s
invasions was...you
guessed it, Germany

18. Hitler and Mussolini Together
● Both Hitler and
Mussolini oppose
communism
● As Italy moves away
from major powers such
as the UK, the become
closer to Germany
● WW2 Begins

19. Why was this able to happen?
● Fear of the “other”
o Nazis - minorities and in
particular, Jews
o Fascists - Rise of
communism in Russia,
socialists

20. Why was this able to happen?
● Cult of the leader

21. Why was this able to happen?
● The right place at
the right time
o Treaty of Versailles
o Growing nationalism
among citizens
o Economic crisis

22. Homework
In about one page, answer the following
questions:
What does nationalism mean to you? Is it OK to
have pride in your country? At what point do
you think nationalism becomes a “problem”? In
your opinion, what is the appropriate way to
celebrate your own country (in Spain or in
general)?