Caruso, a boss, is accused of being a poor communicator by his employees. Specifically, he does not listen to his employees' input, focuses only on business metrics without explaining directions clearly, and has a hierarchical communication style where employees must approach him rather than the other way around. This damages motivation and creates tensions.
To improve, the document recommends that Caruso learn communication fundamentals like listening, choosing words carefully, understanding why communication fails, and being positive. It also suggests developing interpersonal skills like making personal connections, maintaining a network, compromising, and showing interest in others. Regular self-review would help Caruso recognize effective and ineffective communications to continuously enhance his skills.
Understanding of Investment and Investment decision process
The document defines key investment terms like investment, financial assets, marketable securities, and speculation. It outlines the differences between investment and speculation. The investment decision process involves security analysis, including fundamental and technical analysis, as well as portfolio management approaches. Common errors in investment decision making include inadequate understanding of risk and return, lack of a clear investment policy, relying too much on past performance, irrational trading behaviors, ignoring costs, improper diversification, and wrong attitudes towards profits and losses.
The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) uses beta to measure the non-diversifiable risk of a security and determine its expected return. CAPM assumes investors want to maximize returns and only consider systematic risk. It models expected return as the risk-free rate plus a risk premium based on the security's beta. The Security Market Line graphs this relationship between beta and expected return. Some researchers like Fama and French have expanded CAPM with additional size and value factors.
A portfolio is a combination of various investment products like bonds, shares, securities, and mutual funds. Portfolio revision involves changing the mix of securities in an existing portfolio by adding or removing assets. This is done to maximize returns and minimize risks. Reasons for portfolio revision include having additional funds to invest, changes in financial goals, or market fluctuations. There are active and passive portfolio revision strategies, with active strategies involving more frequent changes and passive only changing according to predetermined rules. The roles of a portfolio manager include designing customized investment plans, keeping up to date on the market, guiding clients impartially, and regularly communicating with clients.
This document discusses factors influencing the growth of offshore banking in India. It identifies several key factors such as capital account convertibility, infrastructure/manpower availability, an increasing number of high-net-worth individuals, India's geographical location, and its special economic zones. The document concludes that developing these factors could allow India to become a strong center for offshore banking units, which could help sustainably develop special economic zones through increased capital flows, financial freedom for foreign entities, and jobs. However, delays in policies like GST and land acquisition bills could pose barriers to this development.
Markowitz portfolio theory involves three steps: 1) determining the feasible set of possible portfolios from available securities, 2) identifying the efficient set of portfolios that maximize return for a given level of risk, and 3) selecting the optimal portfolio where an investor's utility for risk and return is maximized by tangency with their indifference curve. The optimal portfolio provides the highest satisfaction to investors by balancing risk and return on the efficient frontier.
The document outlines the syllabus for a course on Merchant Banking and Financial Services. The syllabus covers 5 units: (1) an introduction to the Indian financial system and merchant banking, (2) issue management, (3) other fee-based management services, (4) fund-based financial services including leasing and consumer credit, and (5) other fund-based services including venture capital. Each unit covers various topics and functions within that area of merchant banking and financial services.
Investment avenues in India include savings bank accounts, fixed deposits, post office savings schemes, public provident funds, gold investments, and real estate. It is important for investors to diversify their investments across multiple avenues to achieve their financial goals and create a secondary source of income. Popular long-term options are public provident funds, which offer tax-free returns and interest over a 15-year period, and real estate, though investors should carefully consider the property's location when investing.
Understanding of Investment and Investment decision process
The document defines key investment terms like investment, financial assets, marketable securities, and speculation. It outlines the differences between investment and speculation. The investment decision process involves security analysis, including fundamental and technical analysis, as well as portfolio management approaches. Common errors in investment decision making include inadequate understanding of risk and return, lack of a clear investment policy, relying too much on past performance, irrational trading behaviors, ignoring costs, improper diversification, and wrong attitudes towards profits and losses.
The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) uses beta to measure the non-diversifiable risk of a security and determine its expected return. CAPM assumes investors want to maximize returns and only consider systematic risk. It models expected return as the risk-free rate plus a risk premium based on the security's beta. The Security Market Line graphs this relationship between beta and expected return. Some researchers like Fama and French have expanded CAPM with additional size and value factors.
A portfolio is a combination of various investment products like bonds, shares, securities, and mutual funds. Portfolio revision involves changing the mix of securities in an existing portfolio by adding or removing assets. This is done to maximize returns and minimize risks. Reasons for portfolio revision include having additional funds to invest, changes in financial goals, or market fluctuations. There are active and passive portfolio revision strategies, with active strategies involving more frequent changes and passive only changing according to predetermined rules. The roles of a portfolio manager include designing customized investment plans, keeping up to date on the market, guiding clients impartially, and regularly communicating with clients.
This document discusses factors influencing the growth of offshore banking in India. It identifies several key factors such as capital account convertibility, infrastructure/manpower availability, an increasing number of high-net-worth individuals, India's geographical location, and its special economic zones. The document concludes that developing these factors could allow India to become a strong center for offshore banking units, which could help sustainably develop special economic zones through increased capital flows, financial freedom for foreign entities, and jobs. However, delays in policies like GST and land acquisition bills could pose barriers to this development.
Markowitz portfolio theory involves three steps: 1) determining the feasible set of possible portfolios from available securities, 2) identifying the efficient set of portfolios that maximize return for a given level of risk, and 3) selecting the optimal portfolio where an investor's utility for risk and return is maximized by tangency with their indifference curve. The optimal portfolio provides the highest satisfaction to investors by balancing risk and return on the efficient frontier.
The document outlines the syllabus for a course on Merchant Banking and Financial Services. The syllabus covers 5 units: (1) an introduction to the Indian financial system and merchant banking, (2) issue management, (3) other fee-based management services, (4) fund-based financial services including leasing and consumer credit, and (5) other fund-based services including venture capital. Each unit covers various topics and functions within that area of merchant banking and financial services.
Investment avenues in India include savings bank accounts, fixed deposits, post office savings schemes, public provident funds, gold investments, and real estate. It is important for investors to diversify their investments across multiple avenues to achieve their financial goals and create a secondary source of income. Popular long-term options are public provident funds, which offer tax-free returns and interest over a 15-year period, and real estate, though investors should carefully consider the property's location when investing.
The document discusses various portfolio revision strategies, including formula plans, rupee cost averaging, constant rupee plans, and variable ratio plans. Formula plans provide rules for buying and selling securities to time the market. Rupee cost averaging involves regularly investing fixed amounts to lower average costs. Constant plans maintain a fixed investment amount or ratio between aggressive and conservative holdings. Variable ratio plans change proportions based on market trends.
A vision statement describes how an organization would like the future to be and answers the question of where the organization aims to be. A mission statement defines what an organization is, why it exists, and its reason for being. It answers what the organization does and who it does it for. Key benefits of having a vision include inspiring employees and reducing risk-taking. Vision statements should be competitive, original, and unique to motivate employees.
Shell Pakistan Limited is a subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell plc that markets petroleum products and compressed natural gas in Pakistan. The company aims to efficiently and profitably provide oil, gas, and energy to meet customer needs. It emphasizes core values of honesty, integrity, and respect. The document discusses Shell's corporate governance practices, including its board of directors, financial reporting, treatment of directors and executives, corporate social responsibility programs, internal controls, and risk management strategies.
This document provides definitions and concepts related to security analysis and portfolio management. It discusses key topics such as the nature of investments, investment objectives and constraints, investment classification, capital markets, and various investment avenues and instruments. References are also provided at the beginning for further reading on the subject matter.
Formula Plan in Securities Analysis and Port folio ManagementSuryadipta Dutta
This document discusses different types of formula plans for portfolio management. It introduces constant ratio plans, variable ratio plans, and constant rupee value plans. Constant ratio plans maintain a fixed ratio between aggressive and defensive portfolios. Variable ratio plans adjust the ratio based on market price fluctuations. Constant rupee value plans force selling when prices rise and buying when they fall to maintain a constant rupee value of the aggressive portfolio. Formula plans provide rules for buying and selling securities and help investors make better use of market fluctuations.
This document discusses capital structure decisions and optimal capital structure. It defines capital structure as the mix of long-term financing sources like debt and equity. An optimal capital structure minimizes costs while maximizing firm value. It balances financial risk from debt against non-employment of debt capital risk. The optimal structure achieves the lowest weighted average cost of capital.
1. The document discusses portfolio selection using the Markowitz model.
2. The Markowitz model aims to find the optimal portfolio, which provides the highest return and lowest risk. It does this by analyzing different combinations of securities to identify efficient portfolios.
3. The document provides details on the tools and steps used in the Markowitz model for portfolio selection, including analyzing expected returns, variance, standard deviation, and coefficients of correlation between securities.
This document discusses portfolio management strategies. It defines portfolio management as making investment decisions to match objectives and balance risk/return. It describes active strategies as precise investments to outperform benchmarks by exploiting inefficiencies. Passive strategies stress minimizing fees and avoiding failure to predict the future by following a fixed strategy not involving forecasting, such as indexing theory which creates portfolios that impersonate market indexes. The document outlines types of active and passive strategies and styles of stock selection.
noorulhadi Lecturer at Govt College of Management Sciences, noorulhadi99@yahoo.com
i have prepared these slides and still using in mylectures, Reference: Portfolio management by S kevin and online sources
The Markowitz Model assists investors in selecting efficient portfolios by analyzing possible combinations of securities. It helps reduce risk through diversification by choosing securities whose price movements are not perfectly correlated. The model determines the efficient set of portfolios and allows investors to select the optimal portfolio based on their preferred risk-return tradeoff. Markowitz introduced diversification and showed holding multiple lower-risk securities can reduce overall portfolio risk compared to a single higher-risk security. The model calculates expected returns, variances, and correlations between securities to determine the minimum risk portfolio for a given level of return.
This document provides an overview of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). It defines key terms like systematic and unsystematic risk. It explains that CAPM considers only systematic risk and uses the beta coefficient to measure risk. It also describes the security market line and capital market line graphs that are used in CAPM. The document outlines the assumptions of CAPM and notes both the benefits and drawbacks of using the model to determine expected returns based on an asset's risk level.
Portfolio revision, securities, New securities, existing securities, purchases and sales of securities, maximizing the return, minimizing the risk, Transaction cost, Taxes, Statutory stipulations, Intrinsic difficulty, commission and brokerage, push up transaction costs, reducing the gains, constraint, Taxes, capital gains, long-term capital, lower rate, Frequent sales, short-term capital gains, investment companies, constraints, established, objectives, skill, resources and time, substantial adjustments, mispriced, excess returns, heterogeneous expectations, better estimates, generate excess returns, market efficiency, little incentive, predetermined rules, changes in the securities market, Performance measurement, Performance evaluation, superior or inferior, small investors, better performance, prompt liquidity, comparative performance, purchase and sale of securities.
This document discusses capital adequacy, capital planning, and approaches to measuring capital adequacy for banks and financial institutions. It defines capital and capital adequacy, and explains that capital adequacy measures a bank's ability to repay depositors and creditors. It also discusses the need for capital adequacy and capital planning to support growth, absorb losses, ensure public confidence, and identify future capital needs. Finally, it outlines different approaches used to measure capital adequacy, including ratio approaches, risk-based approaches, and portfolio approaches.
The document discusses the term structure of interest rates, which refers to how interest rates vary with the maturity or term of a bond. Specifically:
1) It examines why practically homogeneous bonds of different maturities have different interest rates, which is significant for both borrowers and lenders when deciding whether to invest in short-term vs long-term bonds.
2) It defines the yield curve as a graphical depiction of the relationship between yield and maturity for bonds of the same credit quality. The term structure of interest rates shows this relationship for zero-coupon bonds.
3) To construct the term structure, theoretical spot rates must be derived from yields on actual Treasury securities, since zero-coupon Treasuries only
The document provides an overview of investment management concepts including the meaning of investment, objectives of investment, and financial markets. It defines investment as committing funds with the expectation of a positive return in the future. The objectives of investment are outlined as maximizing return, minimizing risk, and hedging against inflation. Different types of financial markets are also introduced such as the primary market, stock exchanges, and their functions in facilitating investment activities.
This document discusses securitization, which involves pooling various types of loan assets and converting them into marketable securities. The securitization process involves an originator selecting and packaging loan assets, which are then sold to a special purpose vehicle (SPV). The SPV then converts the assets into securities and sells them to investors. Various players are involved, including originators, SPVs, investment banks, credit rating agencies, and investors. Securitization allows originators to transfer risk and improve their balance sheets, while providing investors opportunities for returns through new financial products.
This document provides an overview of the accounting and statutory requirements for banking companies in India. It discusses key provisions of the Banking Regulation Act of 1949 regarding minimum capital and reserves, restrictions on commissions and dividends, statutory reserves, cash reserves, restrictions on loans and advances, books of accounts, provisioning of non-performing assets, and preparation of final accounts using the prescribed formats in the Third Schedule of the Act. The document also outlines the various types of business activities permitted for banks and restrictions placed on certain activities.
The document summarizes a study on the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance for companies listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange. The study developed a Corporate Governance Index (CGI) using 22 governance factors across three categories and analyzed its correlation with Tobin's Q valuation metric for 50 companies over three years. The results found a positive significant relationship between higher CGI scores and Tobin's Q, indicating better corporate governance is associated with higher firm valuation. Sub-index analyses found board composition and ownership factors most significantly linked to performance.
The concept of the Security Market Line is very popular for portfolio management. It helps to derive the pricing of risky securities by plotting their expected returns.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/security-market-line
1. The document discusses the importance of effective communication within organizations. It focuses on three key factors: hierarchy/vertical communication, feedback, and clarity/negotiation.
2. Hierarchy refers to the vertical communication structure within organizations, where information flows between superiors and subordinates. Feedback is also important, as it allows employees to improve and managers to guide. Clarity and negotiation help avoid conflicts that stem from miscommunication.
3. Positive communication like active listening and body language builds teamwork, while negative behaviors damage it. Effective communication allows staff to work efficiently together towards shared goals.
This document discusses communication, including its definition, elements, and barriers. It defines communication as the process of sending and receiving information between two or more people. The main elements are the sender, who encodes the message, and the receiver, who decodes it. There are four types of barriers that can disrupt communication: process, physical, semantic, and psychosocial. Effective communication is a two-way process that requires effort from both the sender and receiver through skills like active listening. The document provides suggestions for improving communication, such as clarifying roles, writing clear emails, conducting organized meetings, and addressing cultural differences.
The document discusses various portfolio revision strategies, including formula plans, rupee cost averaging, constant rupee plans, and variable ratio plans. Formula plans provide rules for buying and selling securities to time the market. Rupee cost averaging involves regularly investing fixed amounts to lower average costs. Constant plans maintain a fixed investment amount or ratio between aggressive and conservative holdings. Variable ratio plans change proportions based on market trends.
A vision statement describes how an organization would like the future to be and answers the question of where the organization aims to be. A mission statement defines what an organization is, why it exists, and its reason for being. It answers what the organization does and who it does it for. Key benefits of having a vision include inspiring employees and reducing risk-taking. Vision statements should be competitive, original, and unique to motivate employees.
Shell Pakistan Limited is a subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell plc that markets petroleum products and compressed natural gas in Pakistan. The company aims to efficiently and profitably provide oil, gas, and energy to meet customer needs. It emphasizes core values of honesty, integrity, and respect. The document discusses Shell's corporate governance practices, including its board of directors, financial reporting, treatment of directors and executives, corporate social responsibility programs, internal controls, and risk management strategies.
This document provides definitions and concepts related to security analysis and portfolio management. It discusses key topics such as the nature of investments, investment objectives and constraints, investment classification, capital markets, and various investment avenues and instruments. References are also provided at the beginning for further reading on the subject matter.
Formula Plan in Securities Analysis and Port folio ManagementSuryadipta Dutta
This document discusses different types of formula plans for portfolio management. It introduces constant ratio plans, variable ratio plans, and constant rupee value plans. Constant ratio plans maintain a fixed ratio between aggressive and defensive portfolios. Variable ratio plans adjust the ratio based on market price fluctuations. Constant rupee value plans force selling when prices rise and buying when they fall to maintain a constant rupee value of the aggressive portfolio. Formula plans provide rules for buying and selling securities and help investors make better use of market fluctuations.
This document discusses capital structure decisions and optimal capital structure. It defines capital structure as the mix of long-term financing sources like debt and equity. An optimal capital structure minimizes costs while maximizing firm value. It balances financial risk from debt against non-employment of debt capital risk. The optimal structure achieves the lowest weighted average cost of capital.
1. The document discusses portfolio selection using the Markowitz model.
2. The Markowitz model aims to find the optimal portfolio, which provides the highest return and lowest risk. It does this by analyzing different combinations of securities to identify efficient portfolios.
3. The document provides details on the tools and steps used in the Markowitz model for portfolio selection, including analyzing expected returns, variance, standard deviation, and coefficients of correlation between securities.
This document discusses portfolio management strategies. It defines portfolio management as making investment decisions to match objectives and balance risk/return. It describes active strategies as precise investments to outperform benchmarks by exploiting inefficiencies. Passive strategies stress minimizing fees and avoiding failure to predict the future by following a fixed strategy not involving forecasting, such as indexing theory which creates portfolios that impersonate market indexes. The document outlines types of active and passive strategies and styles of stock selection.
noorulhadi Lecturer at Govt College of Management Sciences, noorulhadi99@yahoo.com
i have prepared these slides and still using in mylectures, Reference: Portfolio management by S kevin and online sources
The Markowitz Model assists investors in selecting efficient portfolios by analyzing possible combinations of securities. It helps reduce risk through diversification by choosing securities whose price movements are not perfectly correlated. The model determines the efficient set of portfolios and allows investors to select the optimal portfolio based on their preferred risk-return tradeoff. Markowitz introduced diversification and showed holding multiple lower-risk securities can reduce overall portfolio risk compared to a single higher-risk security. The model calculates expected returns, variances, and correlations between securities to determine the minimum risk portfolio for a given level of return.
This document provides an overview of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). It defines key terms like systematic and unsystematic risk. It explains that CAPM considers only systematic risk and uses the beta coefficient to measure risk. It also describes the security market line and capital market line graphs that are used in CAPM. The document outlines the assumptions of CAPM and notes both the benefits and drawbacks of using the model to determine expected returns based on an asset's risk level.
Portfolio revision, securities, New securities, existing securities, purchases and sales of securities, maximizing the return, minimizing the risk, Transaction cost, Taxes, Statutory stipulations, Intrinsic difficulty, commission and brokerage, push up transaction costs, reducing the gains, constraint, Taxes, capital gains, long-term capital, lower rate, Frequent sales, short-term capital gains, investment companies, constraints, established, objectives, skill, resources and time, substantial adjustments, mispriced, excess returns, heterogeneous expectations, better estimates, generate excess returns, market efficiency, little incentive, predetermined rules, changes in the securities market, Performance measurement, Performance evaluation, superior or inferior, small investors, better performance, prompt liquidity, comparative performance, purchase and sale of securities.
This document discusses capital adequacy, capital planning, and approaches to measuring capital adequacy for banks and financial institutions. It defines capital and capital adequacy, and explains that capital adequacy measures a bank's ability to repay depositors and creditors. It also discusses the need for capital adequacy and capital planning to support growth, absorb losses, ensure public confidence, and identify future capital needs. Finally, it outlines different approaches used to measure capital adequacy, including ratio approaches, risk-based approaches, and portfolio approaches.
The document discusses the term structure of interest rates, which refers to how interest rates vary with the maturity or term of a bond. Specifically:
1) It examines why practically homogeneous bonds of different maturities have different interest rates, which is significant for both borrowers and lenders when deciding whether to invest in short-term vs long-term bonds.
2) It defines the yield curve as a graphical depiction of the relationship between yield and maturity for bonds of the same credit quality. The term structure of interest rates shows this relationship for zero-coupon bonds.
3) To construct the term structure, theoretical spot rates must be derived from yields on actual Treasury securities, since zero-coupon Treasuries only
The document provides an overview of investment management concepts including the meaning of investment, objectives of investment, and financial markets. It defines investment as committing funds with the expectation of a positive return in the future. The objectives of investment are outlined as maximizing return, minimizing risk, and hedging against inflation. Different types of financial markets are also introduced such as the primary market, stock exchanges, and their functions in facilitating investment activities.
This document discusses securitization, which involves pooling various types of loan assets and converting them into marketable securities. The securitization process involves an originator selecting and packaging loan assets, which are then sold to a special purpose vehicle (SPV). The SPV then converts the assets into securities and sells them to investors. Various players are involved, including originators, SPVs, investment banks, credit rating agencies, and investors. Securitization allows originators to transfer risk and improve their balance sheets, while providing investors opportunities for returns through new financial products.
This document provides an overview of the accounting and statutory requirements for banking companies in India. It discusses key provisions of the Banking Regulation Act of 1949 regarding minimum capital and reserves, restrictions on commissions and dividends, statutory reserves, cash reserves, restrictions on loans and advances, books of accounts, provisioning of non-performing assets, and preparation of final accounts using the prescribed formats in the Third Schedule of the Act. The document also outlines the various types of business activities permitted for banks and restrictions placed on certain activities.
The document summarizes a study on the relationship between corporate governance and firm performance for companies listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange. The study developed a Corporate Governance Index (CGI) using 22 governance factors across three categories and analyzed its correlation with Tobin's Q valuation metric for 50 companies over three years. The results found a positive significant relationship between higher CGI scores and Tobin's Q, indicating better corporate governance is associated with higher firm valuation. Sub-index analyses found board composition and ownership factors most significantly linked to performance.
The concept of the Security Market Line is very popular for portfolio management. It helps to derive the pricing of risky securities by plotting their expected returns.
To know more about it, click on the link given below:
https://efinancemanagement.com/investment-decisions/security-market-line
1. The document discusses the importance of effective communication within organizations. It focuses on three key factors: hierarchy/vertical communication, feedback, and clarity/negotiation.
2. Hierarchy refers to the vertical communication structure within organizations, where information flows between superiors and subordinates. Feedback is also important, as it allows employees to improve and managers to guide. Clarity and negotiation help avoid conflicts that stem from miscommunication.
3. Positive communication like active listening and body language builds teamwork, while negative behaviors damage it. Effective communication allows staff to work efficiently together towards shared goals.
This document discusses communication, including its definition, elements, and barriers. It defines communication as the process of sending and receiving information between two or more people. The main elements are the sender, who encodes the message, and the receiver, who decodes it. There are four types of barriers that can disrupt communication: process, physical, semantic, and psychosocial. Effective communication is a two-way process that requires effort from both the sender and receiver through skills like active listening. The document provides suggestions for improving communication, such as clarifying roles, writing clear emails, conducting organized meetings, and addressing cultural differences.
Communicating at work - Cullaborate ArticleNicole Cullen
- Nicole Cullen is a communications and conflict management expert who started her career as a litigation lawyer before working in ombudsman and mediation roles. She now runs her own consulting firm that provides conflict resolution services.
- The biggest mistake people make in workplace communication is failing to consider the communication style and preferences of the recipient. Understanding how to effectively communicate with different personalities and adapting one's style is key to avoiding misunderstandings.
- Establishing rapport is the first step to successful workplace communication and can be done through mirroring body language, paying attention to personal space, and getting to the same physical level as the other person. Framing issues effectively also influences how they are perceived.
1. Effective communication is important for managers to perform their key functions like planning, organizing, leading and controlling.
2. There are several barriers that can interrupt communication flow like differences in perception, information overload, distractions, and complex organizational structures.
3. Managers must identify communication barriers, understand their causes, and take steps to overcome them such as using simple language, active listening, and selecting the proper media.
Communication barriers can severely impact an organization if not addressed. The main barriers are perceptual and language differences between individuals, information overload for managers, inattention when receiving messages, time pressures that shorten communication channels, distractions and noise that interfere with messages, the emotional states of communicators and receivers, complex organizational structures that distort information as it passes through levels, and poor retention of information. Managers must identify these barriers and take steps like ensuring cultural fit of employees, using simple language, reducing noise, practicing active listening, controlling emotional states and body language, simplifying organizational structures, avoiding information overload, giving constructive feedback, selecting proper communication media, and allowing flexibility in meeting targets. Effective communication is essential for managers to perform core functions and
This document discusses communication in the workplace. It begins with an introduction on communication and defines key elements like senders and receivers. It then summarizes the main points of the document in 3 sections: barriers to communication, processes for effective communication, and suggestions for improving communication. The four types of barriers are process, physical, semantic, and psychosocial. Effective communication requires effort from both senders and receivers through active listening and understanding roles. Suggestions include clarifying responsibilities, choosing words carefully, and ensuring diversity and inclusion to minimize differences.
The document discusses various types of communication barriers that can occur in organizations and methods to overcome them. It describes 7 common types of organizational barriers: environmental, interpersonal, cultural, decision-making, insecurity within teams, remote working, and physical barriers to non-verbal communication. Some methods to overcome barriers include feedback and upward communication, improving listening skills, and developing strong writing skills. Premature evaluations and hurried conclusions can distort listening by prejudging intentions or jumping to conclusions without fully understanding the message. Communication flow in an organization includes both formal and informal lines, with formal communication following predefined channels and informal being more flexible. Formal communication can be vertical, lateral, or diagonal while informal includes single strand, cluster, or probability chains
The document discusses barriers to effective communication in organizations. It identifies 7 main barriers: 1) language differences, where the same words can have different meanings to different people; 2) information overload, where too much information can be misinterpreted or forgotten; 3) inattention, where messages may not be fully listened to; 4) time pressures, where deadlines reduce full communication; 5) distractions, where external factors can interfere with the message; 6) emotions, where feelings can influence message reception; 7) complex structures, where more management layers increase chances of message distortion. The barriers interrupt the flow of communication from sender to receiver, reducing effectiveness. Managers must identify and address such barriers to improve organizational communication.
This document provides an introduction to interpersonal skills. It discusses the importance of interpersonal skills for success in both personal and professional contexts. Key interpersonal skills include communication, listening, task delegation, and leadership. The document then covers various aspects of verbal and non-verbal communication skills that are important for effective interpersonal interactions, such as listening, asking questions, body language, tone of voice, and emphasis.
Notes managerial communication part 1 mba 1st sem by babasab patil (karrisatte)Babasab Patil
Managerial communication is important for several reasons. Good communication allows information to be passed along clearly so mistakes can be prevented. It also helps build good relationships and allows people to understand each other's feelings and needs. Effective communication helps people convince others and get what they need. It gives self-esteem and helps people think and organize their thoughts better. Communication skills are important for students and employees, and good communicators often get higher paying jobs. Both internal communication within an organization and external communication with outside parties are important for business. Formal and informal communication networks exist, and the type of network impacts how information flows within a company.
Communication and Its effectiveness in work efficiencyNikitaRai39
Effective communication is essential for organizational success. Communication allows an organization to share goals, gather feedback, and make improvements. It also improves employee motivation and morale. There are various types of communication, including verbal, non-verbal, and written. Factors like attitudes, listening skills, and providing constructive feedback impact how well communication is received. Overall, communication that is clear, consistent, and courteous helps increase work efficiency by reducing errors and fostering collaboration.
Effective communication is vital for success in the workplace. Communication skills are often more important than technical skills, especially as employees advance in their careers. Communication allows for greater coordination, awareness of organizational goals, and relationship building. It also helps with problem solving and improving performance. Non-verbal communication provides additional context and meaning beyond words. It includes body language, proximity, tone of voice, and physical surroundings. Factors like facial expressions, eye contact, gestures, posture, time management, and environment all influence understanding.
· Chap 2 and 3· what barriers are there in terms of the inter.docxgerardkortney
· Chap 2 and 3
· what barriers are there in terms of the interpersonal communication model?
Typically, communication breakdowns result from lack of understanding without clarification; often, there wasn't even an attempt at clarification. If barriers to interpersonal communication are not acknowledged and addressed, workplace productivity can suffer.
Language Differences
Interpersonal communication can go awry when the sender and receiver of the message speak a different language -- literally and figuratively. Not everyone in the workplace will understand slang, jargon, acronyms and industry terminology. Instead of seeking clarification, employees might guess at the meaning of the message and then act on mistaken assumptions. Also, misunderstandings may occur among workers who do not speak the same primary language. As a result, feelings may be hurt, based on misinterpretation of words or of body language.
Cultural Differences
Interpersonal communication may be adversely affected by lack of cultural understanding, mis-perception, bias and stereotypical beliefs. Workers may have limited skill or experience communicating with people from a different background. Many companies offer diversity training to help employees understand how to communicate more effectively across cultures and relate to those who may have different background experiences. Similarly, gender barriers can obstruct interpersonal communication if men and women are treated differently, and held to different standards, causing interpersonal conflicts in the workplace.
Personality Differences
Like any skill, some people are better at interpersonal communication than others. Personality traits also influence how well an individual interacts with subordinates, peers and supervisors. Extraversion can be an advantage when it comes to speaking out, sharing opinions and disseminating information. However, introverts may have the edge when it comes to listening, reflecting and remembering. Barriers to interpersonal communication may occur when employees lack self-awareness, sensitivity and flexibility. Such behavior undermines teamwork, which requires mutual respect, compromise and negotiation. Bullying, backstabbing and cut throat competition create a toxic workplace climate that will strain interpersonal relationships.
Generational Differences
Interpersonal communication can be complicated by generational differences in speech, dress, values, priorities and preferences. For instance, there may be a generational divide as to how team members prefer to communicate with one another. If younger workers sit in cubicles, using social networking as their primary channel of communication, it can alienate them from older workers who may prefer face-to-face communication. Broad generalizations and stereotypes can also cause interpersonal rifts when a worker from one generation feels superior to those who are younger or older. Biases against workers based on age can constitute a form of disc.
This document defines communication and its key elements. It discusses the communication process, types of communication, direction and flow of communication in organizations, communication networks, barriers to communication, and how to overcome communication barriers. Specifically, it defines verbal and non-verbal communication. It outlines the main elements in the communication process as the sender, message, channel, receiver, and feedback. It also discusses formal and informal communication as well as upward, downward, horizontal, and diagonal flows of communication in an organization.
1. To be an effective communicator, one must be aware of their own communication strengths and weaknesses and regularly reflect on interactions to assess what works and what barriers may be present.
2. There are many behaviors that inhibit effective communication, such as criticizing, name-calling, ordering, and diverting the conversation. Diverting is one of the most commonly used barriers.
3. Good listening involves giving full attention to the speaker, resisting distractions, checking for understanding through questions, and being aware of how tone, emphasis, speed, eye contact, gestures, and posture can influence the message received.
Communication & Interpersonal Skills at Multi Cultural WorkplaceTimothy Wooi
Course Objective
To set clear guidelines for effective communication and to consider the role of good interpersonal skills in the multicultural workplace by understanding:
different behavioral styles and learn to modify your behavior to achieve best results
how to stay present 'in the moment', 'listen for intent', and influence your listener positively
how to give and receive constructive feedback as a way to build better relationships
To demonstrate assertive behavior
how to communicate effectively when the stakes are high and you need to neutralize arguments effectively
To create individual action plans for ongoing personal development by making use of all of the above skills to ensure effective teamwork
Course Content
Interpersonal Skills
Introduction (Interaction & Person)
Importance of Interpersonal Skills
Communication in Interpersonal Skills
Tools in Interpersonal Skills
Verbal communication
Non-verbal communication
Listening skills
Negotiation
Problem-solving
Decision-making
Assertiveness
Emotional Quotion (EQ) with Interpersonal Skills
Integrating EQ to Interpersonal Skills to perform better at your workplace.
How can you develop your EQ skills to perform better at your workplace position?
Interpersonal Skills Workshop
Applying EQ to Address Your Workplace Challenges
Below is all the information given on a training program needed, c.docxtangyechloe
Below is all the information given on a training program needed, called Effective Communication. You are a trainer in the given situation. Please submit the following:
Training Needs Assessment
(see attachment for assessment template)
PowerPoint
covering information provided and your own research, no less than 11 slides
2-page paper
summarizing how this training will be effective and how it should be evaluated. (APA format)
Situation:
Tim Smith the IT manager comes to you and says "My project coordinators are in a slump; they just are not producing their usual caliber of work. I need to find out what the problem is. No one on the project team knows what is going on. The communication my project coordinators are giving is coming across as rude, which in turn keeps moral low and the teams are not doing the work. I was hoping you would be able to put together an Effective Communication training for them to help get everyone back on the right track." There are 10 project coordinators in the IT department. Two of the project coordinator's are in the organization's Bangkok office. Tim wants the training to last no longer than 4 hours and wants it to be face to face in a class room with you, the trainer. He does not want to fly the Bangkok associates in and would like you to set up a Skype session with them during your training. He also wants you to set up weekly coaching sessions with each project manager and himself for a month after the training is completed.
Training Purchased from USA Training: Effective Communication
You are to use this information, but are not limited to it. Tim wants to make sure this information is covered in the training as he went online and bought it from USA Training, however he is open to what research you find. He wants the training to be interactive and requested that you included at least 1 activity around communication in the training.
Effective Communication:
Introduction
People in organizations typically spend over 75% of their time in an interpersonal situation; thus it is no surprise to find that at the root of a large number of organizational problems is poor communications. Effective communication is an essential component of organizational success whether it is at the interpersonal, inter-group, intra-group, organizational, or external levels.
In this chapter we will cover the basic process of communication and then we will cover some of the most difficult communication issues managers’ face-providing constructive and effective feedback and performance appraisal.
The Communication Process
Although all of us have been communicating with others since our infancy, the process of transmitting information from an individual (or group) to another is a very complex process with many sources of potential error.
In any communication at least some of the "meaning" lost in simple transmission of a message from the sender to the receiver. In many situations a lot of the true message is lost and the .
ow its your turn! Below is all the information given on a trainin.docxalfred4lewis58146
ow it's your turn! Below is all the information given on a training program needed, called Effective Communication. You are a trainer in the given situation. Please submit the following:
1. Training Needs Assessment (refer to previous assignment DST Systems for assessment template)
2. Powerpoint covering information provided and your own research, no less than 10 slides
3. 700 word minimum paper summarizing how this training will be effective and how it should be evaluated.
Situation:
Tim Smith the IT manager comes to you and says "My project coordinators are in a slump; they just are not producing their usual caliber of work. I need to find out what the problem is. No one on the project team knows what is going on. The communcation my project coordinators are giving is coming across as rude, which in turn keeps moral low and the teams are not doing the work. I was hoping you would be able to put together an Effective Communication training for them to help get everyone back on the right track." There are 10 project coordinators in the IT department. Two of the project coordinator's are in the organization's Bangkok office. Tim wants the training to last no longer than 4 hours and wants it to be face to face in a class room with you, the trainer. He does not want to fly the Bangkok assoicates in and would like you to set up a Skype session with them during your training. He also wants you to set up weekly coaching sessions with each project manager and himself for a month after the training is completed.
Training Purchased from USA Training: Effective Communication
You are to use this information, but are not limited to it. Tim wants to make sure this information is covered in the training as he went online and bought it from USA Training, however he is open to what research you find. He wants the training to be interactive and requested that you included at least 1 activity around communication in the training.
Effective Communcation:
Introduction People in organizations typically spend over 75% of their time in an interpersonal situation; thus it is no surprise to find that at the root of a large number of organizational problems is poor communications. Effective communication is an essential component of organizational success whether it is at the interpersonal, inter-group, intra-group, organizational, or external levels. In this chapter we will cover the basic process of communication and then we will cover some of the most difficult communication issues managers’ face-providing constructive and effective feedback and performance appraisal.
The Communication Process Although all of us have been communicating with others since our infancy, the process of transmitting information from an individual (or group) to another is a very complex process with many sources of potential error.
In any communication at least some of the "meaning" lost in simple transmission of a message from the sender to the receiver. In many situations a lot .
Similar to Po report 6 - A lot of bosses are accused of being poor communicator. what do you think so? (20)
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This document discusses stereotyping and provides examples of common stereotypes about gender. It describes how stereotyping can categorize groups of people and potentially lead to discrimination if misunderstood. The document then examines stereotypes about men and women, suggesting men are less emotional and concerned with special dates while women are more emotional and think about the future of relationships. It analyzes a story about a couple to illustrate differences in how men and women think and feel.
The Scenario:
Alex : The person with the higher Authority, The Supervisor.
Chen Ling : The Employee/ The person who do the work.
Monday : Due date of the report.
Tuesday : Board meeting occur.
Discuss : Are Chen Ning and Alex both right in their own places? Would Chen Ning feel better if Alex had told them about the board meeting and the way she feels?
MISCOMUNICATION
SENDER – Correct message sent
MESSAGE – Message sent was unclear
CHANNEL – used verbal and also non- verbal expression
RECEIVER – message received but perceived differently
FEEDBACK – feedback was given
NOISE – language barriers
Group Debate using Six Thinking Hats ApproachSyaff Hk
The Six Thinking Hats was created by Edward de Bono to promote Parallel Thinking, where everyone has different kinds of thinking. This model helps us to focus on different aspect of thinking skills instead of jumble around the ideas at the same time. Different color have different criteria, therefore we can focus on a particular topic so that everyone can contribute accordingly.
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We used the internet to search and understand the six thinking hats model. Not only that, we also watched the link that are given in our textbook.
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The document discusses the key stages in building a computerized information system:
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This document provides an overview of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Brunei Darussalam. It defines FDI and describes the different types, including greenfield investment, horizontal FDI, and backward/forward vertical FDI. It also outlines the main motivations for FDI, such as being resource-seeking, market-seeking, or strategic-asset seeking. The document discusses the importance of FDI for economic growth and development as well as some barriers. It then provides examples of how Brunei is working to attract more FDI through improving infrastructure, providing incentives, and developing special economic zones. Finally, it summarizes recent news articles about land zones and incentives that could further boost FDI in Brunei.
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Ellen Burstyn: From Detroit Dreamer to Hollywood Legend | CIO Women MagazineCIOWomenMagazine
In this article, we will dive into the extraordinary life of Ellen Burstyn, where the curtains rise on a story that's far more attractive than any script.
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Prescriptive analytics BA4206 Anna University PPTFreelance
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1 Circular 003_2023 ISO 27001_2022 Transition Arrangments v3.pdf
Po report 6 - A lot of bosses are accused of being poor communicator. what do you think so?
1. Question one
A lot of bosses are accused of being “poor communicator”. Why do you think this is?
Communication is straightforward which is encoded and decode messages
between the sender and the receiver. Communication can fosters motivation but also
act as a double edge sword because it may also be able to de-motivate people within
the radius. It can control members in several way such charismatic leader who speaks
with confidence. What makes it difficult, complex and frustrating to communicate with
each other are the barriers that avoid us to decode the messages clearly.
A lot of bosses are accused of being poor communicator because of they have
very high communication barrier in the way which leads to communication breakdown.
For example if the boss is from different country and of course he will have different
culture. Each culture holds different cultural beliefs, practices and perception. Even so,
the boss and the employees need to respect and to be respected with their culture.
Communication takes both parties to be able to listen and to talk. It’s hard to
communicate with someone who already thinks they are correct in the first place. The
more egotistical the boss is the worse the communications are. There are some weird
unwritten rules also. " Because I am the boss I can’t be wrong", or "I will look stupid if I
am wrong because I am the boss so I will go to the ends of the earth defending my
position." or "Since I am the boss I can’t be questioned about anything".
The bosses may have poor communication because of their feeling of superiority.
They often thought that they have the power to control over people and less often they
see that the way they communicate and behave burdens them. It could be that, the
superior (the boss) is too intelligent for his subordinates or his subordinates' perspective
is different from his superior. Having this issue derived on several factors such as
emotions, physical barriers, lack of social skills, lack of knowledge and education. In the
case incident states that the boss is men so in other words, they mostly emphasize
about status, power and independence.
Some bosses will speak to their people on what needs to be done, but won't listen
to what their peoples input. They are too busy with expenses, payroll, monthly reports,
etc. They forget to take the time to create clear and concise directions. They assume
that just because they were in the meeting that the same communication was heard by
2. all. They have selective hearing and do not communicate all the information they were
supposed to.
Another example of poor communication is the language and different accents
and dialects. Some words may mean different to different individuals. Some employee
may not understand the accent and dialects spoken. In this process, communication
breakdown occurs because there is wrong perception by the receiver. In short, the
receiver did not receive (decode) the message clearly.
In addition, the hierarchical structure of a company also adds up to the
satisfaction of the bosses that often results to poor communication. For example,
instead of having the initiative to talk to their employees , they have this mentality that
since they are the bosses and they are at the higher level in the organizational structure
, their employees should be the ones to make an effort to consult them or talk to them
That’s why they are called poor communicator. A good boss will speak to their
people and listen to what they have to say. A good boss will take care of their people; a
good boss knows that you can't run a business by yourself. A poor communicator is not
a good leader. A great leader will lead their people to victory, and will know how to pull
their people out of defeat, and rise and learn from the leaders mistakes.
3. Question two
What does this case suggest regarding the relationship between reinforcement theory
and communication?
The reinforcement theory, based on E. L. Thorndike's law of effect, simply looks at
the relationship between behavior and its consequences. Reinforcement theory
emphasizes that consequences influence behavior while communication is the
transference and understanding of meaning, it would appear that good communication
will increase understanding and efficiency while complimenting the reinforcement
theory.
In the case study suggest that there is strong relationship between reinforcement
theory and communication. Communication controls behaviors which stimulates
motivations, offer information and is a way to release emotions. Reinforcement theory
is a middle part of those four functions. In order to achieve each function,
communication and reinforcement theory work hand in hand to provide opportunity to
send messages and to receive feedback from employees.
Sending the correct messages and receiving feedback not only strengthens the
relationship between the boss and the employee, it also strengthens the lines of
communication. Since Mr. Caruso does not communicate well, he is unable to motivate
his employee through the use of reinforcement theory.
Reinforcement theory establishes that employees have higher job satisfaction and
higher levels of motivation when the behavior the company wants is reinforced with
praise. In Mr. Caruso’s case, his employees are very critical of his style of management
and it is considered to be a regular source of conflict.
In the workplace, reinforcement theory can either hinder or promote
communication. If mangers or supervisors ways of communicating produce favorable
results, there is huge possibility that they will repeat that action and as a result, it will
yield a better flow of communication. But if they already know that a particular action
will produce unfavorable results, they will most likely not do that specific action. Since
Caruso is not aware of the consequences of his behavior, he continues to do it because
it satisfies his wants and needs. For him , his actions bring positive results that benefit
him as a manager or supervisor in public relations but in reality his bad behavior have
4. affected the performance of his employees that led to lack of initiative to be more
productive and promote effective communication
When we talk about expectancy theory in which it act in a certain way depends
on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and
on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual. The employee will apply the
relationship by receiving the correct data. So he or she will exert their perception of the
effort to their performance. If the performance is good they will be given reward and
they eventually achieve their goal satisfaction.
However, if the employee did not receive the proper data (decode properly) they
will tend to misunderstand and perceived differently. So they may be less effort to be
made and lower down their performance. In other words, they will not satisfy and will
not achieve their goals.
This case only proves that when an action results to a negative consequence,
employees try to decrease the occurrence of this behavior but when it brings positive
effects, the natural outcome would be an increase in the action that produced it. But
when a specific behavior does not deliver either good or bad effects, it is most likely that
the action will never happen again.
5. Question three
What, specifically, do you think Caruso needs to do to improve his communication
skills?
First and for most Caruso needs to understand and learn the beginning of the
communication process. It is he (sender) which starts the messages and then the
message will be encoded by the brain. Followed by the message being send (verbally or
written) through the channel which travels to the receiver. The receiver will then
decode the message in which the brains translate the message in most simple way by
the receiver. While having this process, there will be some distractions such as noises in
which it prevent the receiver from understanding the message clearly. Finally, ending
with feedback which determines the receiver understands fully or not.
Next step is for Caruso to learn and explore the power of non-verbal
communications. Action speaks louder than words so body language may reveal a
person’s true feelings, motivation or character. It is hard to control than words. The way
he listen, look, move, and react tells the other person whether or not he care, if he is
being truthful, and how well he listen. When his nonverbal signals match up with the
words he said, they increase trust, clarity, and rapport. When they don’t, they generate
tension, mistrust, and confusion.
If he want to communicate better in all areas of his life, it’s important to become
more sensitive to body language and other nonverbal cues, so he can be more in tune
with the thoughts and feelings of others. he also need to be aware of the signals he
sending off, so he can be sure that the messages he send are what he really want to
communicate.
Another way to enhance his communication skills is to improve the direction of
communications. In downward communication, Caruso needs to interact with his
employee of lower level whereas lateral takes place among members of the same work
group such as managers of same level. Moreover he also need to improve his formal
channel of communication because his job require professionals dealing with clients. He
need to differentiate when to use formal language and when to use informal language.
While Mr. Caruso seems to understand that some people do need to be told that
they are doing a good job, he actually needs to put it into practice. Mr. Caruso must set
the example by meeting his deadlines. If he is able to complete his work in timely
6. manner, his employees will begin to so the same. He needs to learn how to
communicate with clients to avoid placing his employees in awkward situations.
Showing his employees the correct way to deal with clients will give the
employees self-confidence and motivation. When employees feel valued by the
company, it fosters creativity and stronger problem-solving skills. Furthermore,
changing his tone when he speaks to his employees will relieve tensions his employees
feel when they are unable to express their emotion through communication process.
Finally, criticizing employees and not praising them are enough to kill motivation and job
satisfaction. Mr. Caruso would do well to use constructive criticism and praise his
employees more in order to create environment that allows for growth and for more
open lines of communication where he can receive feedback to make sure that his
message is getting through his employees.
7. Question four
Assuming Caruso wants to improve, how would you suggest he go about learning to
be a better communicator?
In order for Caruso to improve and be a better communicator, that he should
learn and understand the process of communication as well develop his own
interpersonal skills in communication. The process of communication involves Listening,
Choosing his words, understands why communication fails, relax, clarify and being
positive.
In this information, age that we are all in, Caruso will be able to quickly learn and
develop his communication skills while running a business. He could easily sign up for an
online course that he could do on his own time, read articles online, learn
communication skills through a good book and so forth.
However, he could easily follow seven verbal communication skills that improve
workplace management effectiveness
1. Personal Contact - The reason is that people relate to one another better when
they can meet in person and read each other’s body language. What’s more,
people can feel the energy the connection creates. You can also smile and shake
someone’s hand when you greet them, which creates a powerful connection.
2. Develope a Network - No one achieves success alone. Success in any company
requires a team effort.
3. Be Positive - Try to remain positive and cheerful. People are much more likely to
be drawn to you if you can maintain a positive attitude.
4. Relax - When we are nervous we tend to talk more quickly and therefore less
clearly. Being tense is also evident in our body language and other non-verbal
communication. Try to stay calm, make eye contact and smile. Let your
confidence shine.
8. 5. Choosing his words: This is where he needs to be aware of. The words that he’s
going to use when talking to the others could he be misunderstood or confusing
to others and also criticizing the employees with praise or harsh on the words
being used.
6. Always be Couteous - Courtesy lets people know that you care. Say “Thank You”
and “Would you please…” instead of just, “Please…” this show that you
appreciate your employees’ efforts.
7. Be Clear - Since people often hear things differently, and they may be hesitant to
ask you to explain what you said, you should ask, “Did I explain this clearly?” This
will confirm they understood.
8. Compromise - You can decrease the tension associated with conflict if you always
ask, “What is best for the company?” This gives people a different perspective on
your requests, and they will be less likely to take any conflict personally.
9. Understand Why Communication Fails: By learning about the various barriers to
good communication he can be aware of and reduce the likelihood of ineffective
interpersonal skills.
10.Be interesting and interested - Even though most of your workplace
communications will be about business topics, it is also important to share your
personal side. You can share your interest in your family and ask about theirs. You
can tell short stories and have your employee’s feel closer to you.
11.Finally Listen - Listening attentively to your employees demonstrates respect.
Listening isn’t easy because everyone’s mind tends to wander. So to help you
concentrate on what the other person is saying, keep a good eye contact –
without staring, and then make a comment about it or ask a question.
9. By understanding all of those skills and applying them in his communication with
regards to improve the communication with his employees, it could be really helpful as
this could somehow increase the bond of his relationships with them, avoids
misunderstanding with the others, making the employee more comfortable and
motivated in their working environment which could fix the communication breakdown.
Improving communication skills is a process that happens gradually over a period
of time and that he has the opportunity to practice his communication skills every day at
work. A quick tip to help him to improve faster would be at the end of each day, take a
moment to review his communications during the day. What was effective? What
wasn’t effective? That way he will continue to learn and improve his communication
skills.