Our main project is three axis pneumatic modern trailer works on the principles of pneumatic mechanism along with micro controllers. In this project the efficiency of dumping trailers will increase. The unloading of materials can be done to the three directions. This is very useful in the shipping industry.
Three Axis Pneumatic Machine is one of the lifting system in which we can unload the materials in all the direction with the help of rotating trolley the rotation of trolley is provided with the help of electric motor and gear arrangement and unloading of material to be done with the help of pneumatic cylinder ,direction control valve and air compressor. The material will be unload fully automatically with in very short duration of time
Three Axis Pneumatic Machine is one of the lifting system in which we can unload the materials in all the direction with the help of rotating trolley the rotation of trolley is provided with the help of electric motor and gear arrangement and unloading of material to be done with the help of pneumatic cylinder ,direction control valve and air compressor. The material will be unload fully automatically with in very short duration of time
It is intersecting topic in a mechanical engineering flied which will full fill the things relative to the air brake system and also doubt regarding the brake system in railways .
As we seen the brake system in rails in your day to day life.
This presentation include the information about the different types of superchargers, advantages & disadvantages of superchargers and turbochargers. One case study of variable geometry turbocharger is included with literature review.
Pistonless pump that makes them different from that of turbopump ,is the absence of piston.
This is a unique technique. In this ,no. of rotating parts is very less as compared to that of turbo pump.
Hydraulic Jack is a device that uses force to lift heavy loads. The primary
mechanism with which force is applied varies, depending on the specific type of
jack, but is typically a screw thread or a hydraulic cylinder. Jacks can be
categorized based on the type of force they employ: mechanical or hydraulic.
Mechanical jacks, such as car jacks and house jacks, lift heavy equipment and are
rated based on lifting capacity (for example, the number of tons they can lift).
Hydraulic jacks tend to be stronger and can lift heavier loads higher, and include
bottle jacks and floor jacks.
It is intersecting topic in a mechanical engineering flied which will full fill the things relative to the air brake system and also doubt regarding the brake system in railways .
As we seen the brake system in rails in your day to day life.
This presentation include the information about the different types of superchargers, advantages & disadvantages of superchargers and turbochargers. One case study of variable geometry turbocharger is included with literature review.
Pistonless pump that makes them different from that of turbopump ,is the absence of piston.
This is a unique technique. In this ,no. of rotating parts is very less as compared to that of turbo pump.
Hydraulic Jack is a device that uses force to lift heavy loads. The primary
mechanism with which force is applied varies, depending on the specific type of
jack, but is typically a screw thread or a hydraulic cylinder. Jacks can be
categorized based on the type of force they employ: mechanical or hydraulic.
Mechanical jacks, such as car jacks and house jacks, lift heavy equipment and are
rated based on lifting capacity (for example, the number of tons they can lift).
Hydraulic jacks tend to be stronger and can lift heavier loads higher, and include
bottle jacks and floor jacks.
A look a fluid mechanics in lifting devices.
References
Images
http://www.superstock.com
http://www.lovelybike.blogspot.com.au
http://www.ustudy.in/node/3432
http://www.motoristpassion.com/2011/05/braking-system-enhancer-producing.html
http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aero/hydr02.htm
http://www.talktalk.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0016531.html
http://www.dreamstime.com/royalty-free-stock-photography-royalty-free-stock-photography-motorbike-disc-brake-image11518937
http://www.advancedhandling.com/overhead_lifting_equipment/overhead_handling_equipment.ht http://www.bristol-business.net/bristols-sharklets-make-their-first-flight/m
Websites
http://www.maritime.org/fleetsub/hydr/chap1.htm
http://www.atzonline.com/index.php;do=show/site=a4e/sid=15216829664fcada747c79e679887491/alloc=1/id=34
http://auto.howstuffworks.com
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UuK3ESGgbqk
http://www.rohitbhargava.com/2011/07/the-wingtip-vortex.html
Printed text
Learning Materials Production Open Training and Education Network-Distance Education
NSW Department of Education and Training 2000. 51 Wentworth Rd. Strathfield NSW 2135.
Revised 2003.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
Pneumatic three axis modern trailer group 14
1. Major Project Presentation
ON
PNEUMATIC THREE AXIS MODERN
TRAILER
Under the Guidance of :-
Mr. SHIV RATHORE
Presented By :–
CH MURLIDHAR
(VIII SEM MECHANICAL)
2. INTRODUCTION
Our main project is three axis pneumatic modern trailer
works on the principles of pneumatic mechanism along
with micro controllers. In this project the efficiency of
dumping trailers will increase. The unloading of
materials can be done to the three directions. This is very
useful in the shipping industry.
3.
4. OBJECTIVE
To achieve high safety.
To reduce man power.
To increase the efficiency of the vehicle.
To reduce the work load.
To reduce the fatigue of workers.
To high responsibility.
Less Maintenance cost.
5. LITERATURE REVIEW:
Dump Trucks in the 1950s:
By the 1940s the technological development of dump trucks had reached its peak. In the
U.S., bottom dump trucks were already dominating earth moving sites by the 1950s. As the
industry moved away from a reliance on rail operations to haul material, the need for
domestically produced construction site tippers began to emerge.
Saint John First:
The dump truck was first conceived in Saint John, New Brunswick when Robert T.
Mawhinney attached a dump box to a flat bed truck in 1920. The lifting device was a
winch attached to a cable that fed over sheave (pulley) mounted on a mast behind the
cab.
6. MAJOR PARTS
The major parts pneumatic three axis modern tipper is described
below:
Air compressor
Pneumatic Valve
Pneumatic Cylinders
Bearing with bearing cap
Flow control valve
Directional control valve
Battery
D.C Motor
Vehicle model frame
Rotating Plates
7. Sl.
No. PARTS Qty. Material
i. Pneumatic Double Acting Cylinder 1 M.S
ii. 5/2 Direction Control Valve 1 Aluminium
iii. Battery 1 Electronics
iv. Wheel 4 Rubber
v. Bearing with Bearing Cap 4 Fiber
vi. Polyethylene Tube - Polyurethene
vii. Hose Collar and Reducer - Brass
Viii Stand (Frame) 1 Mild steel
Ix Dash Pad 1 Plastic
X D.C Motor 1 Aluminium
Xi Flow control valve 1 Lead-Acid
8.
9.
10. WORKING PRINCIPLE
In this modern three axis pneumatic trailer system, the air circuit plays a vital
role in the system and it is necessary to understand the movement and working
principle of the air circuit.
First we can start with the compressing of the air; the atmospheric air which is
normal pressure is taken by the reciprocating compressor and converted into
higher pressure depending on the requirement. Cooling as to be provided for
the compressed air to neutralized the heat generated by the compression
process. The compressed air is supplied to the compressed air tank and the
compressed air tank should have a drain to drain the water accumulated in the
tank air moisture condensation. In the ship the main air bottle is used for the
three axis trailer operation with the help of the pressure reducing valve because
the main air bottle pressure is nearly stored at 35 bars for the main engine
starting operation. In the modern three axis pneumatic trailer system we need
maximum of 7 bars, 35 bars air pressure will damage the system. but some
cases the variable pressure reducing valve will be used depending the
requirement of the system also direction control valve are available for the
desired operation.
11.
12. DUMPING MECHANISM
Project being complicated was decide to be developed on a small scale model
that should be constructed using light weight material and should be
hydraulically operated using plastic piston and cylinder arrangement. Also this
hydraulic piston and cylinder arrangement was decided to be motor driven to
make the same automatic. These motor run using a battery and are controlled
using a remote control that is attached with the base model using wires / FRC
cable and these after controlled by operator.
A conventional dump truck is mounted on a truck chassis and has an open
dump box hydraulically operated and hinged at the rear of the truck usually by
one or more hydraulic rams that raise the dump box to unload contents at a
delivery site. These hydraulic rams are either front loaded or mounted in the
underbody and are driven from a gear box power take-off. Hydraulic rams
mounted in the underbody provide the capability of the dump body to tip the
dump box on a three-way basis, either to the left or right side or to the rear.
13. Advantages:
It requires simple maintenance cares
Checking and cleaning are easy, because of the main
parts are screwed.
Handling is easy.
Manual power not required
Repairing is easy.
Replacement of parts is easy.
14. Scope of the Work:
It requires simple maintenance cares
Checking and cleaning are easy, because of the main parts
are screwed.
Handling is easy.
Manual power not required
Repairing is easy.
Replacement of parts is easy.
15. CONCLUSION
Thus we have developed a “THREE AXIS PNEUMATIC MODERN
TRAILER” which helps to know how to achieve low cost automation.
The operating procedure of this system is very simple, so any person
can operate. By using more techniques, they can be modified and
developed according to the applications.
This project will review the need of the modern three axis pneumatic
trailer for the ship to perform the operation of liftingheavy weight
materials. This paper also studies the importance of pneumatic circuit
system and its application in shipping industry. Various parts of the
modern three axis pneumatic trailer was studied and their performance
was analyzed in
terms of the work. Further review is made on the practical plastic
model of project with analysis of working and with the help of
pneumatic system lifting operations can be easily carried out without
much effort and without outsourcing. This mechanism cannot only
applicable in the shipping industry but also it is applicable for various
manufacturing industries.
16. REFERNCES:-
Automotive Industry Standard. ―AIS-053: Automotive Vehicles-Types
- Terminology.ǁ
Automotive Industry Standard. ―AIS-93: Code of practice for
construction and approval of truck cabs, truck bodies.
Zbigniew and Sekulski, “Least-weight topology and size optimization
of high speed vehicle-passenger catamaran Structure by genetic
algorithm” Marine Structures, Elsevier, pages 691–711, 2009.
Dubey and V. Dwivedi, “Vehicle chassis analysis: load cases and
boundary conditions for stress analysis” in 11th National Conference on
Machines and Mechanisms. IIT, Delhi, India, December 2003.