This document provides information about using vehicle suspension to produce compressed air. It discusses the objectives, main components, working principle and applications of the system. The key components are a pneumatic cylinder, quick exhaust valve, spring arrangement, and air collecting tank. When the vehicle encounters irregular roads, the up and down motion of the wheels is converted into compressed air energy using these components. The compressed air is stored in a tank and can be used to power pneumatic applications. Some potential applications mentioned include using the system on speed bumps to collect air and filling tires with compressed air on commercial vehicles.
This document provides an overview of an air powered engine. It discusses the history of using compressed air to power engines. It then classifies air engines based on the number and position of cylinders. The key components of an air engine are described, including the compressor, PLC circuit, pulsed pressure control valve, cam, follower and air vessel. The working of the air engine is explained and compared to a two-stroke petrol engine. Finally, the advantages of lower emissions and costs, and limitations around refueling time and efficiency are presented.
Ankit ic engine pnumetic THREE AXIS MODERN TRAILERshailesh yadav
This document describes a pneumatic three-axis modern trailer system. It includes an introduction describing pneumatics and trailers. It then discusses the objectives of automating vehicles for safety, efficiency and reducing workload. It provides definitions of pneumatics and lists the system components. Diagrams show the circuit and components. The working principle is explained where compressed air is used to power double acting cylinders to lift the trailer. Advantages include easy maintenance and no manual power required, while disadvantages include higher initial costs. Applications include hydraulic and pneumatic equipment.
The document provides an overview of compressed air engines. It discusses how pneumatic motors use compressed air to create motion. It outlines the history of compressed air vehicles in the 1840s and recent developments by companies like EngineAir and MDI. The document discusses converting internal combustion engines to run on compressed air by replacing components like the fuel tank and spark plug. It also reviews literature on compressed air engines and discusses technical benefits like reduced temperature but also limitations like limited storage capacity and range.
As the world is hard pressed with the energy and fuel crises, compounded by pollution of all kinds, any technologies that bring out the solutions to this problem is considered as a bounty. In one of such new technologies, is the development of a new car called as compressed air car which does not require any of the known fuels like diesel, petrol, CNG, LPG, hydrogen etc. this works using only compressed air. This replaces all types of to-date known fuels and also permanently solves the problems of pollution as its exhaust is clean and cool measured practically as low as 5ºC. A proto type, a horizontal, single cylinder low speed engine was modified to run on compressed air. Since this engine runs only on high pressure compressed air, the exhaust of which is undoubtedly only air, making it a zero pollution engine. No heat is generated because there is no combustion of fuel, hence this car needs no cooling system and it result in reduced cost, weight, volume and vibration. Early cost analysis shows that it's very cost effective and the operational cost is ten times less than that of petrol or diesel. Experimental analysis were carried out on this modified car to find out its performance characteristics like brake power, mechanical efficiency, overall efficiency, air to Air ratio, volumetric efficiency, cost analysis etc. Though the efficiencies were low as the frictional forces were high for the proto designed engine, however the concept can be applied on a professionally designed engine to improve the car performance.
The document describes an engineering seminar report on the applications of compressed air cars. It discusses the design of an air engine that uses compressed air stored in high-pressure tanks to power piston engines. Some key points:
- The engine design aims to improve efficiency by using ambient heat to warm the expanding air. This allows for a more efficient non-adiabatic expansion.
- Other innovations include an articulated con-rod to increase warming time and a moto-alternator that serves multiple functions.
- Advantages are zero emissions, low maintenance costs, and potential for high-pressure tanks to increase range.
- The report evaluates the engine's performance and discusses the technical details of the air
The document presents information on the "Green Engine" from a presentation by Baljeet. The Green Engine is a 6-phase internal combustion engine with no pistons. It has a high expansion ratio, runs on multiple fuels, and has high efficiency and near-zero emissions. It works by using rotors with small chambers to intake, compress, mix, combust, power, and exhaust air and fuel in 6 sequential phases. Benefits include small size, low cost, smooth operation, and suitability for hydrogen fuel. Potential applications include vehicles, generators, and ships.
Indian Railways operates the world's largest rail network, transporting over 18 million passengers and 2 million tons of freight daily. The Gonda diesel shed houses 162 diesel locomotives and services many express trains across India. It has four covered locomotive bays and facilities for fuel storage, turbocharger maintenance, air compressor repairs, cylinder head testing, and a closed water cooling system.
This document provides an overview of an air powered engine. It discusses the history of using compressed air to power engines. It then classifies air engines based on the number and position of cylinders. The key components of an air engine are described, including the compressor, PLC circuit, pulsed pressure control valve, cam, follower and air vessel. The working of the air engine is explained and compared to a two-stroke petrol engine. Finally, the advantages of lower emissions and costs, and limitations around refueling time and efficiency are presented.
Ankit ic engine pnumetic THREE AXIS MODERN TRAILERshailesh yadav
This document describes a pneumatic three-axis modern trailer system. It includes an introduction describing pneumatics and trailers. It then discusses the objectives of automating vehicles for safety, efficiency and reducing workload. It provides definitions of pneumatics and lists the system components. Diagrams show the circuit and components. The working principle is explained where compressed air is used to power double acting cylinders to lift the trailer. Advantages include easy maintenance and no manual power required, while disadvantages include higher initial costs. Applications include hydraulic and pneumatic equipment.
The document provides an overview of compressed air engines. It discusses how pneumatic motors use compressed air to create motion. It outlines the history of compressed air vehicles in the 1840s and recent developments by companies like EngineAir and MDI. The document discusses converting internal combustion engines to run on compressed air by replacing components like the fuel tank and spark plug. It also reviews literature on compressed air engines and discusses technical benefits like reduced temperature but also limitations like limited storage capacity and range.
As the world is hard pressed with the energy and fuel crises, compounded by pollution of all kinds, any technologies that bring out the solutions to this problem is considered as a bounty. In one of such new technologies, is the development of a new car called as compressed air car which does not require any of the known fuels like diesel, petrol, CNG, LPG, hydrogen etc. this works using only compressed air. This replaces all types of to-date known fuels and also permanently solves the problems of pollution as its exhaust is clean and cool measured practically as low as 5ºC. A proto type, a horizontal, single cylinder low speed engine was modified to run on compressed air. Since this engine runs only on high pressure compressed air, the exhaust of which is undoubtedly only air, making it a zero pollution engine. No heat is generated because there is no combustion of fuel, hence this car needs no cooling system and it result in reduced cost, weight, volume and vibration. Early cost analysis shows that it's very cost effective and the operational cost is ten times less than that of petrol or diesel. Experimental analysis were carried out on this modified car to find out its performance characteristics like brake power, mechanical efficiency, overall efficiency, air to Air ratio, volumetric efficiency, cost analysis etc. Though the efficiencies were low as the frictional forces were high for the proto designed engine, however the concept can be applied on a professionally designed engine to improve the car performance.
The document describes an engineering seminar report on the applications of compressed air cars. It discusses the design of an air engine that uses compressed air stored in high-pressure tanks to power piston engines. Some key points:
- The engine design aims to improve efficiency by using ambient heat to warm the expanding air. This allows for a more efficient non-adiabatic expansion.
- Other innovations include an articulated con-rod to increase warming time and a moto-alternator that serves multiple functions.
- Advantages are zero emissions, low maintenance costs, and potential for high-pressure tanks to increase range.
- The report evaluates the engine's performance and discusses the technical details of the air
The document presents information on the "Green Engine" from a presentation by Baljeet. The Green Engine is a 6-phase internal combustion engine with no pistons. It has a high expansion ratio, runs on multiple fuels, and has high efficiency and near-zero emissions. It works by using rotors with small chambers to intake, compress, mix, combust, power, and exhaust air and fuel in 6 sequential phases. Benefits include small size, low cost, smooth operation, and suitability for hydrogen fuel. Potential applications include vehicles, generators, and ships.
Indian Railways operates the world's largest rail network, transporting over 18 million passengers and 2 million tons of freight daily. The Gonda diesel shed houses 162 diesel locomotives and services many express trains across India. It has four covered locomotive bays and facilities for fuel storage, turbocharger maintenance, air compressor repairs, cylinder head testing, and a closed water cooling system.
This document summarizes an automatic pneumatic jack designed by students to minimize the power needed to operate manual jacks and reduce lifting time. It aims to make lifting vehicles more comfortable for seniors and women. The pneumatic jack uses compressed air and an electrically controlled solenoid valve to provide reciprocating motion to the jack piston to lift vehicles. It has features like using compressed air that can be directly exhausted to the environment without special systems. The document describes the objective, literature review on automotive jacks and pneumatics, working details, potential components, features, future scope, and conclusions on the design.
The document describes a compressed air vehicle that uses compressed air stored in onboard tanks to power an engine and drive the vehicle. Key points:
1) Compressed air vehicles store pressurized air in onboard tanks at around 30 bar and use the expansion of this air to drive pistons in an engine, converting the air power into mechanical power to run the vehicle.
2) The vehicle described uses a modified Hero Honda CD100 engine connected to wheels through a transmission. It stores around 0.05 cubic meters of compressed air in a mild steel or potential carbon fiber tank.
3) Compressed air vehicles have the advantages of being emissions-free since they only expel compressed air, not requiring cooling systems
Air brake system using exhaust gas.pptxRupeshRupee4
This project aims to develop an air brake system that uses exhaust gas. The system works by passing exhaust gas from the combustion chamber through a turbine to cool it. The cooled exhaust then goes through an air filter to extract clean air, which is compressed and stored in a tank. This stored compressed air is then used to power air shocks for braking. When the brake is applied, a solenoid valve allows the compressed air to actuate a pneumatic cylinder and engage the brakes. The project uses a two-stroke petrol engine to generate the exhaust gas and a dynamo powered by the exhaust turbine to generate electricity to run an air compressor.
This document discusses different types of air compressors. It describes positive displacement compressors like reciprocating compressors which work on the principle of a bicycle pump and have pistons that compress air. Rotary compressors are also positive displacement compressors that provide continuous airflow. Dynamic compressors like centrifugal compressors use a rotating impeller to transfer energy and compress incoming air without boundaries containing it. Centrifugal compressors are commonly used for medium pressure applications and produce smooth compressed air output.
The document discusses pneumatics components used in automation systems. It describes the process of compressed air generation including air compression, filtering, drying and storage. It also discusses various pneumatic actuators and output devices like cylinders, grippers, and motors that convert compressed air into mechanical motion or force. Valves are described as key components to control pneumatic circuits and air flow. Common types include 2/2 way, 3/2 way, and 5/2 way valves along with methods of actuation.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF 360 DEGREE ROTATING TROLLEYIRJET Journal
The document summarizes the design and fabrication of a 360 degree rotating trolley. Key points:
- The trolley was designed to allow emptying of materials from all three sides, overcoming the limitation of conventional trolleys that only allow emptying from the rear.
- A pneumatic system is used, with a compressor connected to the vehicle engine to power pneumatic cylinders. These activate spur gears to rotate the trolley in three directions, allowing dumping in narrow streets.
- The design aims to reduce dumping time and blockages by enabling dumping from any side, improving efficiency. Calculations are shown for the double acting pneumatic cylinder. A literature review discusses previous work on multi-directional dumping
This document provides information about a green engine, which is a type of internal combustion engine that aims to reduce emissions. It has a six-phase working principle of intake, compression, mixing, combustion, power, and exhaust. This allows for complete fuel mixing and burning, resulting in near-zero emissions. The green engine has higher efficiency than conventional engines and can run on multiple fuel types. It has benefits like reduced size, weight, emissions, and noise compared to piston engines. Research is ongoing but it shows potential for use in various industries and applications.
Pneumatic three axis modern trailer group 14CHMURLIDHAR
Our main project is three axis pneumatic modern trailer works on the principles of pneumatic mechanism along with micro controllers. In this project the efficiency of dumping trailers will increase. The unloading of materials can be done to the three directions. This is very useful in the shipping industry.
This document discusses compressed air engines. It describes how a compressed air engine works by using compressed air instead of combustion to power the engine. The compressed air is stored in high-pressure tanks and expands to move the pistons, similar to how combustion moves pistons in a gasoline engine. Compressed air engines are more eco-friendly than gasoline engines as they do not involve fuel combustion or emissions. However, they have less energy storage capacity than gasoline engines due to the properties of compressed air. The document also outlines the components, specifications, working principles and advantages/disadvantages of compressed air engines.
The document describes the experimental setup of a compressed air vehicle that uses compressed air instead of fuel combustion to power an engine. A double acting pneumatic cylinder is used to create reciprocating motion when supplied with compressed air from an air compressor. This reciprocating motion is converted to rotary motion using a connecting rod and crankshaft, which can then power vehicle wheels. The key components of the system include the pneumatic cylinder, solenoid valves, relay sensors, relief valves, connecting rod, crankshaft, and air flow tubes. The working principle involves compressed air entering the cylinder to move the piston and crankshaft on the intake stroke, then expanding on the power stroke. This eliminates combustion emissions compared to
IRJET- Compressed Air Production and its Utilisation for Moving VehiclesIRJET Journal
1) The document describes the design, fabrication, and development of a pneumatic vehicle that is rear wheel drive. It uses compressed air from an air tank to power a pneumatic cylinder that drives the rear wheels through a chain and sprocket system.
2) The vehicle is intended to reduce air pollution by not producing any exhaust and using a renewable energy source to power the air compressor. It also aims to provide an affordable transportation option for industrial and handicapped uses.
3) The key components are the air tank to store compressed air, pneumatic cylinder to convert it to motion, chain and sprocket to transmit power to the rear wheels. When the compressed air enters the cylinder, it provides the driving force to move
This document provides an overview of automobile engineering concepts. It discusses vehicle types, components, layouts, and performance. Some key points include:
- Types of automobiles include cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles based on factors like load, wheels, fuel used, and transmission.
- Vehicle components include the engine, chassis, frame, body, and suspension. Layouts depend on engine location like front, rear, or all-wheel drive.
- Engine performance is influenced by factors like taxable power, torque curves, and resistances like rolling, wind, and gradient resistance that determine the power needed.
- Vehicle bodies are designed for passenger or commercial use based on requirements like weight, space
Air Compression and Electricity Generation by Using Speed Breaker with Rack A...IJMER
On roads, speed breakers provided to control the speed of traffic in rushed areas. The
potential energy in terms of weight of vehicle is loss on speed breaker can be utilized for useful
purposes. This paper describes the potential energy of such type of energy available on roads and its
utilization for useful work. The stages of development of a speed breaker device are described and the
mechanism to generate electricity using rack, pinion and speed increasing gear box and generator
and store compressed air with the help of piston cylinder compressor arrangement. Whenever the
vehicle is allowed to pass over the speed breaker dome, it gets pressed downwards. As the springs are
attached to the dome, they get compressed and the rack, which is attached to the bottom of the dome,
moves down in reciprocating motion. Since rack has teeth connected to pinion there is conversion of
reciprocating motion of rack in to rotary motion of pinion, but the two gears rotate in opposite
direction. So that shafts will rotate with certain RPM these shafts are connected through a belt drive
to the generators, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The rack is attached
to piston rod of cylinder so downward stroke of rack we can use for air compression in reservoir, with
help of piston cylinder arrangement. Simultaneously reciprocating piston cylinder arrangement
compresses the air and stores it in the reservoir. We can use the generated electricity and compressed
air for different purpose
This document provides an overview of compressed air engines. It begins with an introduction describing how compressed air engines can help reduce environmental problems from fossil fuel usage. It then defines what an engine is and provides a brief history of compressed air engines dating back to the late 1600s. The document goes on to describe how a compressed air engine works, involving intake and exhaust valves and the conversion of compressed air into mechanical motion. It also discusses Tata Motor's plans to develop an Indian car powered by compressed air. Advantages include not requiring gasoline while disadvantages include limited refueling speed and capacity. The conclusion states compressed air technology could be a viable alternative fuel option.
The document provides an overview of diesel power plant engineering. It discusses the key components of a diesel power plant including the diesel engine, starting system, fuel supply system, air intake system, lubrication system, cooling system, exhaust system, and governing system. It describes the basic four-stroke operating cycle of a diesel engine and highlights advantages such as simple design and ability to handle varying loads, as well as disadvantages like high operating costs.
This document provides a training report on the Diesel Shed Engine in Lucknow, India. It first introduces Indian Railways and some key statistics. It then discusses the history of railways in India, including the first proposed, passenger, and North India railway lines. It describes the Lucknow Diesel Shed, which houses 162 diesel locomotives. It outlines the shed layout and sections for subassemblies, repairs, and locomotive berthing. It provides details on the fuel section, turbo supercharger, exhauster, cylinder head tests, and speedometer recordings.
This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines. It begins with an introduction that defines engines and heat engines. It then covers the history and classification of IC engines. The main parts of an IC engine are described along with advancements like direct fuel injection. Performance parameters and the operation of 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines are explained. Emerging technologies like digital triple spark ignition and nano engines are also discussed.
The document discusses different types of jet propulsion engines used in aeronautical engineering. It describes the basic principles of piston engines, turboprop engines, and jet engines. It then provides more detailed explanations of various air-breathing engines - ramjet engines, turbojet engines, turboprop engines, and turbofan engines. For each type of engine, it discusses their basic components, working principles, advantages, disadvantages, and applications. The document is a lecture on fundamentals of aeronautical engineering focusing on basics of propulsion systems.
This document provides an overview of hydraulics and pneumatics. It discusses various pumps and turbines used in hydraulics like centrifugal pumps, reciprocating pumps, and turbines like Pelton wheel, Francis, and Kaplan turbines. It also covers the basic components of hydraulic and pneumatic systems like reservoirs, pumps, valves, filters, seals, pipes, and actuators. Additionally, it compares hydraulic and pneumatic systems, discusses properties of hydraulic oil and different types of seals used. The document is a study material for a 4th semester mechanical engineering student covering important concepts in hydraulics and pneumatics.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
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This document summarizes an automatic pneumatic jack designed by students to minimize the power needed to operate manual jacks and reduce lifting time. It aims to make lifting vehicles more comfortable for seniors and women. The pneumatic jack uses compressed air and an electrically controlled solenoid valve to provide reciprocating motion to the jack piston to lift vehicles. It has features like using compressed air that can be directly exhausted to the environment without special systems. The document describes the objective, literature review on automotive jacks and pneumatics, working details, potential components, features, future scope, and conclusions on the design.
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1) Compressed air vehicles store pressurized air in onboard tanks at around 30 bar and use the expansion of this air to drive pistons in an engine, converting the air power into mechanical power to run the vehicle.
2) The vehicle described uses a modified Hero Honda CD100 engine connected to wheels through a transmission. It stores around 0.05 cubic meters of compressed air in a mild steel or potential carbon fiber tank.
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DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF 360 DEGREE ROTATING TROLLEYIRJET Journal
The document summarizes the design and fabrication of a 360 degree rotating trolley. Key points:
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- A pneumatic system is used, with a compressor connected to the vehicle engine to power pneumatic cylinders. These activate spur gears to rotate the trolley in three directions, allowing dumping in narrow streets.
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This document provides information about a green engine, which is a type of internal combustion engine that aims to reduce emissions. It has a six-phase working principle of intake, compression, mixing, combustion, power, and exhaust. This allows for complete fuel mixing and burning, resulting in near-zero emissions. The green engine has higher efficiency than conventional engines and can run on multiple fuel types. It has benefits like reduced size, weight, emissions, and noise compared to piston engines. Research is ongoing but it shows potential for use in various industries and applications.
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Our main project is three axis pneumatic modern trailer works on the principles of pneumatic mechanism along with micro controllers. In this project the efficiency of dumping trailers will increase. The unloading of materials can be done to the three directions. This is very useful in the shipping industry.
This document discusses compressed air engines. It describes how a compressed air engine works by using compressed air instead of combustion to power the engine. The compressed air is stored in high-pressure tanks and expands to move the pistons, similar to how combustion moves pistons in a gasoline engine. Compressed air engines are more eco-friendly than gasoline engines as they do not involve fuel combustion or emissions. However, they have less energy storage capacity than gasoline engines due to the properties of compressed air. The document also outlines the components, specifications, working principles and advantages/disadvantages of compressed air engines.
The document describes the experimental setup of a compressed air vehicle that uses compressed air instead of fuel combustion to power an engine. A double acting pneumatic cylinder is used to create reciprocating motion when supplied with compressed air from an air compressor. This reciprocating motion is converted to rotary motion using a connecting rod and crankshaft, which can then power vehicle wheels. The key components of the system include the pneumatic cylinder, solenoid valves, relay sensors, relief valves, connecting rod, crankshaft, and air flow tubes. The working principle involves compressed air entering the cylinder to move the piston and crankshaft on the intake stroke, then expanding on the power stroke. This eliminates combustion emissions compared to
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1) The document describes the design, fabrication, and development of a pneumatic vehicle that is rear wheel drive. It uses compressed air from an air tank to power a pneumatic cylinder that drives the rear wheels through a chain and sprocket system.
2) The vehicle is intended to reduce air pollution by not producing any exhaust and using a renewable energy source to power the air compressor. It also aims to provide an affordable transportation option for industrial and handicapped uses.
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- Types of automobiles include cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles based on factors like load, wheels, fuel used, and transmission.
- Vehicle components include the engine, chassis, frame, body, and suspension. Layouts depend on engine location like front, rear, or all-wheel drive.
- Engine performance is influenced by factors like taxable power, torque curves, and resistances like rolling, wind, and gradient resistance that determine the power needed.
- Vehicle bodies are designed for passenger or commercial use based on requirements like weight, space
Air Compression and Electricity Generation by Using Speed Breaker with Rack A...IJMER
On roads, speed breakers provided to control the speed of traffic in rushed areas. The
potential energy in terms of weight of vehicle is loss on speed breaker can be utilized for useful
purposes. This paper describes the potential energy of such type of energy available on roads and its
utilization for useful work. The stages of development of a speed breaker device are described and the
mechanism to generate electricity using rack, pinion and speed increasing gear box and generator
and store compressed air with the help of piston cylinder compressor arrangement. Whenever the
vehicle is allowed to pass over the speed breaker dome, it gets pressed downwards. As the springs are
attached to the dome, they get compressed and the rack, which is attached to the bottom of the dome,
moves down in reciprocating motion. Since rack has teeth connected to pinion there is conversion of
reciprocating motion of rack in to rotary motion of pinion, but the two gears rotate in opposite
direction. So that shafts will rotate with certain RPM these shafts are connected through a belt drive
to the generators, which converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy. The rack is attached
to piston rod of cylinder so downward stroke of rack we can use for air compression in reservoir, with
help of piston cylinder arrangement. Simultaneously reciprocating piston cylinder arrangement
compresses the air and stores it in the reservoir. We can use the generated electricity and compressed
air for different purpose
This document provides an overview of compressed air engines. It begins with an introduction describing how compressed air engines can help reduce environmental problems from fossil fuel usage. It then defines what an engine is and provides a brief history of compressed air engines dating back to the late 1600s. The document goes on to describe how a compressed air engine works, involving intake and exhaust valves and the conversion of compressed air into mechanical motion. It also discusses Tata Motor's plans to develop an Indian car powered by compressed air. Advantages include not requiring gasoline while disadvantages include limited refueling speed and capacity. The conclusion states compressed air technology could be a viable alternative fuel option.
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This document provides an overview of internal combustion engines. It begins with an introduction that defines engines and heat engines. It then covers the history and classification of IC engines. The main parts of an IC engine are described along with advancements like direct fuel injection. Performance parameters and the operation of 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines are explained. Emerging technologies like digital triple spark ignition and nano engines are also discussed.
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represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
2. DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
VISION
• To provide quality education of international standards in Mechanical Engineering
and promote professionalism with ethical values, to work in a team and to face
global challenges.
MISSION
• To provide an education that builds a solid foundation in Mechanical Engineering.
• To prepare graduates for employment, higher education and enable a lifelong
growth in their profession.
• To develop good communication, leadership and entrepreneurship skills to enable
good knowledge transfer .
• To inculcate world class research program in Mechanical Engineering. 2
3. CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. History
3. Objectives
4. Why pneumatics
5. Main Components
6. Components and description
7. Working principle
8. Applications
9. Advantages
10.Disadvantages
11.Conclusion
12.References 3
4. INTRODUCTION
•Man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for his sustenance and well
being ever since he came on the earth a few million years ago.
•Primitive man required energy primarily in the form of food. He derived this by eating
plants or animals, which he hunted. Subsequently he discovered fire and his energy
needs increased as he started.
•To make use of wood and other bio mass to supply the energy needs for cooking as
well as for keeping himself warm. With the passage of time, man started to cultivate
land for agriculture.
•With further demand for energy, man began to use the wind for sailing ships and for
driving windmills, and the force of falling water to turn water wheels.
•Till this time, it would not be wrong to say that the sun was supplying all the energy
needs of man either directly or indirectly and that man was using only renewable
sources of energy.
4
5. HISTORY
• Compressed air has been used since the 19th century to power mine
locomotives and trams in cities such as Paris (via a central, city-
level, compressed air energy distribution system), and was previously the basis
of naval torpedo propulsion.
• During the construction of the Gotthardbahn
from 1872 to 1882, pneumatic locomotives
were used in the construction of the Gotthard
Rail Tunnel and other tunnels of the Gotthardbahn.
• In 1903, the Liquid Air Company located in London England manufactured a
number of compressed-air and liquefied-air cars. The major problem with these
cars and all compressed-air cars is the lack of torque produced by the "engines"
and the cost of compressing the air.
• Recently several companies have started to develop compressed air cars.
although none has been released to the public, or been tested by third parties.
5
6. OBJECTIVES
1. To produce non- conventional energy using vehicle jerk.
2. Use the wastage vehicle energy to produce compressed air.
3. Eco-Friendly. Not produce CO₂ as it's not use battery.
6
7. WHY PNEUMATICS?
• Fuel Crisis
• Cost of Gasoline
• Abundant Usage of Automobile
• Air is abundantly available in nature
• Cheaper, Safer, more flexible, and more reliable than other forms of energy
7
8. MAIN COMPONENTS
The important components of our project are,
•Pneumatic single acting cylinder
•Quick exhaust valve
•Spring arrangement
•Air collecting tank
•Non-return valve
8
9. COMPONENTS AND DESCRIPTION
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR:
•The cylinder is a Single acting
cylinder, which means that the air pressure
operates forward and spring returns backward.
• Force required for the forward stroke is given by the suspension action.
•The suspension action is given by the pneumatic cylinder. The compressed air is
allowed to flow through the non return valve.
9
10. QUICK EXHAUST VALVE :
Any excess air in the air tank is flowed out automatically through the
quick exhaust valve.
SPRING ARRANGEMENT
• The automobile chassis is mounted on the axles not direct but through some
form of springs.
• This is done to isolate the vehicle body from the road shocks which may
be in the form of bounce, pitch, roll or sway.
• These tendencies give rise to an uncomfortable ride and also cause
additional stress in the automobile frame and body. A Springing device
must be a compromise between flexibility and stiffness.
• If it is more rigid, it will not absorb road shocks efficiently and if it is more
flexible it will continue to vibrate even after the bump has passed so we
must have sufficient damping of the spring to prevent excessive flexing.
10
11. AIR COLLECTING TANK:
The compressed air from the
compressor is collected through
non return valve by a pipe line system
and stored.
NON-RETURN VALVE:
• This valve is used to speed up the piston movement and also it acts as an one – way
restriction valve which means that the air can pass through only one way and it
can’t return back.
• By using this valve the time consumption is reduced because of the faster movement
of the piston.
11
12. WORKING PRINCIPLE
•The complete diagram of the compressed air production using vehicle suspensor is
given below.
•When the vehicle runs on the irregular roads then the wheel goes to up and down
motion.
•The pushing power is converted into compressed air energy by proper driving
arrangement. The pneumatic single acting Cylinder is used for this purpose.
•Thus the piston inside the cylinder creates the internal pressure which results in
storage of air to the tank at certain pressure.
•The spring arrangement is fixed at the outside of the pneumatic cylinder. The spring
is used to return the inclined L-angle window in same position by releasing the load.
•This pressurized air from the pneumatic cylinder is collected and saved inside the
tank.
•The outlet of tank consists of valves which are used to supply the air to other
pneumatic applications.
• Here the non return valve is used to avoid the reversing of air flow to the
atmosphere.
12
14. APPLICATIONS
• This arrangement is slightly modified to construct in speed breaker and
foot step and this arrangement can be fixed in Schools.
• It is used in commercial vehicle to produce compressed air by which fill air
in tube.
• It's mainly use in vehicle like tractor in which jerk is more
• It's used in car for application like viper.
14
15. ADVANTAGES
• Air production is simply running the vehicle.
• No need fuel input and electrical power input.
• This is a non-conventional system.
• Easy to work and reduces the manual stress.
• Refueling can be done at home using an air compressor or at service
stations.
• Compressed air engines reduce the cost of vehicle production, because
there is no need to build a cooling system, spark plugs, starter motor, or
silencers
• The engine can be massively reduced in size.
• Lighter vehicles cause less damage to roads, resulting in lower
maintenance cost.
• The price of filling air powered vehicles is significantly cheaper than
petrol, diesel . If electricity is cheap, then compressing air will also be
relatively cheap
15
16. DISADVANTAGES
• Initial cost of this arrangement is high.
• When air expands in the engine it cools dramatically (Charles law) and
must be heated to ambient temperature using a heat exchanger.
• Conversely, when air is compressed to fill the tank it heats up, as the
stored air cools, its pressure decreases and available energy decreases.
• Refueling the compressed air container using a home or low-end
conventional air compressor may take as long as 4 hours, though
specialized equipment at service stations may fill the tanks in only 3
minutes.
• These vehicles provides more noisy while working.
16
17. CONCLUSION
• This paper is focused on compressed air mechanism form suspension system.
• This seminar can be very much useful for Indian conditions when we say Indian
condition that is not only because of good as well as bad roads available over here
but of also the variety of Indian geographical sites .
• when it comes to northern area there are hilly regions when it comes to south it is
plane costal area thus the requirement of a versatile vehicle is naturally in demand.
• Taking into consideration other manmade sites like road it is a well known fact
that we has one of the best as well as worst road conditions available. So this kind
of project is well worthing regarding Indian context of view.
• This concept will sure be polite one and can be used everywhere if cost of the
device is kept within everybody’s reach.
17
18. [1]Air Operated Vehicle by Using Compressed Air from Suspension,
Sivanantham.K , Banuchandar.N, Hariprakash.K , Jeeva.M, International
Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An
ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 4, Special Issue 6, May 2015
[2]Regenerative Suspension System,Abhijit Lendhe, Nikhil Mangvade, Prasad
Naik, Pratik Jadhav , International Journal of Recent Research in
Interdisciplinary Sciences (IJRRIS) Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp: (30-33), Month: April
2015 - June 2015
[3]Development of mechanism for recovery of energy of suspension system,
Swapnil kamthe, Rahul kadam, Aniket dhore, Mr. Shivkumar falmari, Prof.
Subhash ghadve, Prof. Mukesh chaudhari, International journal of pure and
applied research in engineering and technology,Feb 2014; volume 2 (9): 169-
178, issn: 2319-507x
REFERENCE
18
19. [4]Compressed Air Production Using Vehicle Suspension, S.Vigneswari,
V.Vinodhini International Journal for Research in Applied Science &
Engineering Technology(IJRASET), Special Issue 2, October 2014 , ISSN:
2321-9653
19