This is our seminar about plug and play service in computer systems which was played a dominant role in facilitating the usage of input and output device and indeed computers at all .
Bit locker Drive Encryption: How it Works and How it ComparesLumension
Endpoint security is a rat’s nest of issues, risks and attack vectors. But one thing’s for sure, there is no substitute for encryption - both of local hard drives and removable storage devices. So why are so few of us using encryption at the endpoint?
View this presentation as Randy Franklin Smith from Ultimate Windows Security discusses:
* How to effectively deploy BitLocker and BitLocker To Go
* How well BitLocker To Go does at protecting data on removable devices
* Why you need to go beyond encryption and think about how to manage endpoint security holistically
Bit locker Drive Encryption: How it Works and How it ComparesLumension
Endpoint security is a rat’s nest of issues, risks and attack vectors. But one thing’s for sure, there is no substitute for encryption - both of local hard drives and removable storage devices. So why are so few of us using encryption at the endpoint?
View this presentation as Randy Franklin Smith from Ultimate Windows Security discusses:
* How to effectively deploy BitLocker and BitLocker To Go
* How well BitLocker To Go does at protecting data on removable devices
* Why you need to go beyond encryption and think about how to manage endpoint security holistically
This course gets you started with writing device drivers in Linux by providing real time hardware exposure. Equip you with real-time tools, debugging techniques and industry usage in a hands-on manner. Dedicated hardware by Emertxe's device driver learning kit. Special focus on character and USB device drivers.
Computer memory is any physical device capable of storing information temporarily or permanently.
Memory is the most essential part of a computer.
Without memory there would be no computer, as we know it today.
Modern computers use semiconductor memory
It is made up of thousands of circuits (paths) for electrical currents on a single silicon chip
This can be divided into three categories
-Internal processor Memory
-Main Memory
-Secondary Memory
Contents
What is booting ?
Diagram of booting process.
What is post ?
About boot loader .
BSL (boot strap loader).
MBR ( Master boot record ).
Booting files.
About win boot loader .
Types of booting.
• Booting :- Booting is a process which helps the to get desktop after power on.
• After power on the pc , which process occurs for get a desktop .
This educational PPT provides Primary Goals of Network Security, The Security Trinity, Information Security, Risk Assessment, Security Models, Basic Security Terminologies, Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Attacks, Know Yourself - The Threat and Vulnerability Landscape, Privacy, Anonymity and Pseudo-anonymity, Security, Vulnerabilities, Threats and Adversaries, Know Your Enemy - the Current Threat and Vulnerability Landscape, Security Bugs and Vulnerabilities - The Vulnerability Landscape, Malware, viruses, rootkits and RATs
Spyware, Adware, Scareware, PUPs & Browser hijacking, Phishing, Vishing and SMShing, Spamming & Doxing, Security services, Policy, Mechanism, and Standards, and the basic principles and steps of System development. Besides, because of covering the most basic and advanced network and computer security issues, policies, and principles in easy way, it can help you to create an awareness how to use an internet and how to protect your physical as well as logical assets.
The presentation given at MSBTE sponsored content updating program on 'PC Maintenance and Troubleshooting' for Diploma Engineering teachers of Maharashtra. Venue: Government Polytechnic, Nashik Date: 17/01/2011 Session-2: Computer Organization and Architecture.
This course gets you started with writing device drivers in Linux by providing real time hardware exposure. Equip you with real-time tools, debugging techniques and industry usage in a hands-on manner. Dedicated hardware by Emertxe's device driver learning kit. Special focus on character and USB device drivers.
Computer memory is any physical device capable of storing information temporarily or permanently.
Memory is the most essential part of a computer.
Without memory there would be no computer, as we know it today.
Modern computers use semiconductor memory
It is made up of thousands of circuits (paths) for electrical currents on a single silicon chip
This can be divided into three categories
-Internal processor Memory
-Main Memory
-Secondary Memory
Contents
What is booting ?
Diagram of booting process.
What is post ?
About boot loader .
BSL (boot strap loader).
MBR ( Master boot record ).
Booting files.
About win boot loader .
Types of booting.
• Booting :- Booting is a process which helps the to get desktop after power on.
• After power on the pc , which process occurs for get a desktop .
This educational PPT provides Primary Goals of Network Security, The Security Trinity, Information Security, Risk Assessment, Security Models, Basic Security Terminologies, Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Attacks, Know Yourself - The Threat and Vulnerability Landscape, Privacy, Anonymity and Pseudo-anonymity, Security, Vulnerabilities, Threats and Adversaries, Know Your Enemy - the Current Threat and Vulnerability Landscape, Security Bugs and Vulnerabilities - The Vulnerability Landscape, Malware, viruses, rootkits and RATs
Spyware, Adware, Scareware, PUPs & Browser hijacking, Phishing, Vishing and SMShing, Spamming & Doxing, Security services, Policy, Mechanism, and Standards, and the basic principles and steps of System development. Besides, because of covering the most basic and advanced network and computer security issues, policies, and principles in easy way, it can help you to create an awareness how to use an internet and how to protect your physical as well as logical assets.
The presentation given at MSBTE sponsored content updating program on 'PC Maintenance and Troubleshooting' for Diploma Engineering teachers of Maharashtra. Venue: Government Polytechnic, Nashik Date: 17/01/2011 Session-2: Computer Organization and Architecture.
Originally crafted for re:publica 2015 by @TetyUAna, @MaliciaRogue, and @NikiBGD, this is an updated version of Plug & Play News for the European Press Youth Digital Media Literacy Program.
عرض باوربوينت يهدف إلى توعية التلاميذ حول أهمية الغذاء الصّحي باستخدام أنشطة تفاعلية..يمكنكم الاستفادة من هذا العرض وتعديله بما يتناسب مع احتياجات تلامذتكم.
رأيكم يهمني
وصف الرابط
التهاب الحلق من أكثر الأمراض شيوعا بين الناس،حيث أنه يصاحبه بعض الآلام على مستوى الحنجرة وخاصة إذا كان الشخص المريض مصابا بـ الزكام أو نزلات البرد أو الأنفلونزا
او الكحة سوف نتعرف معا فى هذا المقال على طرق علاج التهاب الحلق بالاعشاب والادوية واهم النصائح لعلاج التهاب الحلق بسرعة .
رابط الموضوع
http://www.ar-only4men.com/mens-health/%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%87%d8%a7%d8%a8
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علاج الزكام والرشح بالأعشاب عند الكبار والاطفال واعراض الزكام
http://www.ar-only4men.com/mens-health/common-cold-treatment.html
علاج الكحة الجافة و الشديدة بالاعشاب عند الاطفال و الكبار
http://www.ar-only4men.com/home-remedy/%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%ad%d8%a9.html
فوائد الزنجبيل الصحية و طرق تحضير الزنجبيل لعلاج الكثير من الامراض
http://www.ar-only4men.com/healthy-foods-and-drinks/%d9%81%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%af-
%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%86%d8%ac%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%84.html
فوائد خل التفاح
http://www.ar-only4men.com/home-remedy/benefits/%d9%81%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%a6%d8%af
-%d8%ae%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%ad.html
A device which is used to perform complex task briskly called computer.
The mechanical equipment necessary for conducting an activity, usually distinguished from the theory and design that make the activity possible is called Hardware.
1. الرحيم الرحمن الة بسم
Mashrq university
Faculty of engineering
Electronics engineering dept
Seminar under title:
Prepared by : supervised by :
Rashid Mohammed Othman eng :BABIEKER abd alrhman
Al-amin Hassan
Hassan ahmed Hassan
Mohammed Duke
Mohammed abd Elwhab madani
yassin ali awad aljeed
2. Introuction:
• its a hardware and software standard for automatically informing
software (device drivers) where it can find various pieces of
hardware (devices) such as modems, network cards, video cards,
etc.
• 1993 leading companies of PCs invented PnP process .
• Plug-and-Play didn’t really hit the mainstream until 1995
with the release of Windows 95 and PC hardware designed
to work with it.
PnP services:
1.The device is completely configurable by software.
2.The device can uniquely identify itself to any inquiring software.
3.The device able to reporting the system with resources it need.
3. What is resource its requires:
Every terminal device need to access RAM & MPU:
• Interrupt requests (IRQ) - An IRQ, also known as a
hardware interrupt, is used by the various parts of a
computer to get the attention of the CPU.
• Direct memory access (DMA) - access system
memory without consulting the CPU first.
• Memory addresses - assign a section of system
memory for exclusive use.
• (I/O)address defines the ports used by the device
for receiving and sending information.
4. PnP requirement :
• PnP BIOS: reads Extended System Configuration
Data (ESCD) , which is a file that contains
information about installed PnP.
• Peripheral Hardware: The devices that you are
adding into the system must themselves be PnP
compatible(almost all devices these days are like
that).
• The System BIOS: The system BIOS plays a key role
in making Plug and Play work.
• The Operating System: Finally, the operating system
must be designed to work with the BIOS
5. PnP operation:
the steps that the BIOS follows at boot time when managing a PCI-based Plug and Play system:
Create a resource table of the available IRQs, DMA channels and I/O
addresses.
Search for and identify PnP and non-PnP devices on the PCI and ISA
buses.
Load the last known system configuration from the ESCD area .
Compare the current configuration to the last known configuration.
If the configuration is new, begin system reconfiguration.
Check the BIOS settings to and eliminate any of these from the resource
table
Assign resources to PnP cards from the resources remaining in the
resource table,
Update the ESCD area and show message "Updating ESCD ... Successful".
Continue with the boot.
6. USB case and hot swap :
When you add a new USB device to your computer system.
• The function driver notifies the PnP Manager that a new device has been
added to the system.
• The PnP Manager queries the USB bus to locate the drivers for the device.
• When the USB bus completes the IRP, it is sent back through the device
stack to the Plug and Play Manager, which determines whether a new
device has been added or removed.
• The PnP Manager obtains information about device and begins to
configure it.
• The PnP Manager searches through the registry to determine whether the
device has been previously installed on the system.
• If the device has not been attached , the PnP Manager updates the
registry .
• The Plug and Play Manager finds and loads the drivers for the device if
they are present.
• The Plug and Play Manager assigns the necessary system resources to the
device.
• The Plug and Play Manager sends an IRP to start the device.
Editor's Notes
Plug-and-Play is a hardware and software standard for automatically informing software (device drivers) where it can find various pieces of hardware (devices) such as modems, network cards, video cards, etc. What this means is that Plug-and-Play's task is to pair up the physical devices with the software (device drivers) that operates them and form channels of communication from each physical device to its driver. For this to happen, Plug-and-Play assigns the following "bus-resources" to both the drivers and hardware: I/O addresses, IRQs, DMA channels (ISA bus only), and memory regions. This allocation of resources by Plug-and-Play is sometimes referred to as "configuring", but it’s only a low level form of configuring.
Plug-and-Play is basically defined as the ability of a computer system to automatically configure new hardware devices. Thus, in a perfect world where Plug-and-Play works exactly as all the claims of manufacturers say, ‘you plug it in, it runs, you’re done”. A dream system where no DIP switches, jumpers, memory allocation, IRQ channel declarations or anything else needs to be acknowledged by the user, other then that he/she placed the hardware device is in there. They need to know nothing about any of the ‘magic’ that happens to make it work. Yet, Plug-and-Play seems to fail at consistently meeting all of these claims. The technology cannot be condemned and thrown out though because of a few failures in its still early life. Plug-and-Play does run into some errors in performance at this time, but the complexity of what it’s trying to perform for the user is very detailed and it can simplify some very difficult tasks for novice computer users. To truly understand this value of Plug-and-Play you must take a detailed look at the steps required in installing new hardware devices and how it performs at these steps.
Interrupt requests (IRQ) - An IRQ, also known as a hardware interrupt, is used by the various parts of a computer to get the attention of the CPU. For example, the mouse sends an IRQ every time it is moved to let the CPU know that it's doing something. Before PCI, every hardware component needed a separate IRQ setting. But PCI manages hardware interrupts at the bus bridge, allowing it to use a single system IRQ for multiple PCI devices.
Direct memory access (DMA) - This simply means that the device is configured to access system memory without consulting the CPU first.
Memory addresses - Many devices are assigned a section of system memory for exclusive use by that device. This ensures that the hardware will have the needed resources to operate properly.
Input/Output (I/O) configuration - This setting defines the ports used by the device for receiving and sending information.
Automatically detecting and configuring hardware and software is not a simple task. To perform this work, cooperation is required from several hardware and software areas. The four "partners" that must be Plug and Play compliant in order for it to work properly are:
System Hardware: The hardware on your system, through the system chipset and system bus controllers, must be capable of handling PnP devices. For modern PCI-based systems this is built in, as PCI was designed with PnP in mind. Most PCI-based systems also support PnP on their ISA bus, with special circuitry to link the two together and share resource information. Older PCs with ISA-only or VL-bus system buses generally do not support Plug and Play.
Peripheral Hardware: The devices that you are adding into the system must themselves be PnP compatible. PnP is now supported for a wide variety of devices, from modems and network cards inside the box to printers and even monitors outside it. These devices must be PnP-aware so that they are capable of identifying themselves when requested, and able to accept resource assignments from the system when they are made.
The System BIOS: The system BIOS plays a key role in making Plug and Play work. Routines built into the BIOS perform the actual work of collecting information about the different devices and determining what should use which resources. The BIOS also communicates this information to the operating system, which uses it to configure its drivers and other software to make the devices work correctly. In many cases older PCs that have an outdated BIOS but otherwise have support for PnP in hardware (PCI-based Pentiums produced between 1993 and 1995 are the prime candidates) can be made PnP-compliant through a BIOS upgrade.
The Operating System: Finally, the operating system must be designed to work with the BIOS (and thus indirectly, with the hardware as well). The operating system sets up any low-level software (such as device drivers) that are necessary for the device to be used by applications. It also communicates with the user, notifying him or her of changes to the configuration, and allows changes to be made to resource settings if necessary. Currently, the only mainstream operating system with full PnP support is Windows 95.
As you can see, you need a lot for Plug and Play to work, and this is why the vast majority of older systems (pre-1996) do not properly support this standard.
Pnp requirements:
Automatically detecting and configuring hardware and software is not a simple task. To perform this work, cooperation is required from several hardware and software areas. The four "partners" that must be Plug and Play compliant in order for it to work properly are:
System Hardware: The hardware on your system, through the system chipset and system bus controllers, must be capable of handling PnP devices. For modern PCI-based systems this is built in, as PCI was designed with PnP in mind. Most PCI-based systems also support PnP on their ISA bus, with special circuitry to link the two together and share resource information. Older PCs with ISA-only or VL-bus system buses generally do not support Plug and Play. Peripheral Hardware: The devices that you are adding into the system must themselves be PnP compatible. PnP is now supported for a wide variety of devices, from modems and network cards inside the box to printers and even monitors outside it. These devices must be PnP-aware so that they are capable of identifying themselves when requested, and able to accept resource assignments from the system when they are made.
The System BIOS: The system BIOS plays a key role in making Plug and Play work. Routines built into the BIOS perform the actual work of collecting information about the different devices and determining what should use which resources. The BIOS also communicates this information to the operating system, which uses it to configure its drivers and other software to make the devices work correctly. In many cases older PCs that have an outdated BIOS but otherwise have support for PnP in hardware (PCI-based Pentiums produced between 1993 and 1995 are the prime candidates) can be made PnP-compliant through a BIOS upgrade.
The Operating System: Finally, the operating system must be designed to work with the BIOS (and thus indirectly, with the hardware as well). The operating system sets up any low-level software (such as device drivers) that are necessary for the device to be used by applications. It also communicates with the user, notifying him or her of changes to the configuration, and allows changes to be made to resource settings if necessary. Currently, the only mainstream operating system with full PnP support is Windows 95. As you can see, you need a lot for Plug and Play to work, and this is why the vast majority of older systems (pre-1996) do not properly support this standard.
Extended System Configuration Data (ESCD)
If the BIOS were to assign resources to each PnP device on every boot, two problems would result. First, it would take time to do something that it has already done before, each boot, for no purpose. After all, most people change their system hardware relatively infrequently. Second and more importantly, it is possible that the BIOS might not always make the same decision when deciding how to allocate resources, and you might find them changing even when the hardware remains unchanged.
ESCD is designed to overcome these problems. The ESCD area is a special part of your BIOS's CMOS memory, where BIOS settings are held. This area of memory is used to hold configuration information for the hardware in your system. At boot time the BIOS checks this area of memory and if no changes have occurred since the last bootup, it knows it doesn't need to configure anything and skips that portion of the boot process.
You open up your computer's case and plug the sound card into an empty PCI slot on the motherboard.
You close the computer's case and power up the computer.
The system BIOS initiates the PnP BIOS.
The PnP BIOS scans the PCI bus for hardware. It does this by sending out a signal to any device connected to the bus, asking the device who it is.
The sound card responds by identifying itself. The device ID is sent back across the bus to the BIOS.
The PnP BIOS checks the ESCD to see if the configuration data for the sound card is already present. Since the sound card was just installed, there is no existing ESCD record for it.
The PnP BIOS assigns IRQ, DMA, memory address and I/O settings to the sound card and saves the data in the ESCD.
Windows XP boots up. It checks the ESCD and the PCI bus. The operating system detects that the sound card is a new device and displays a small window telling you that Windows has found new hardware and is determining what it is.
In many cases, Windows XP will identify the device, find and load the necessary drivers, and you'll be ready to go. If not, the "Found New Hardware Wizard" will open up. This will direct you to install drivers off of the disc that came with the sound card.
Once the driver is installed, the device should be ready for use. Some devices may require that you restart the computer before you can use them. In our example, the sound card is immediately ready for use.
You want to capture some audio from an external tape deck that you have plugged into the sound card. You set up the recording software that came with the sound card and begin to record.
The audio comes into the sound card via an external audio connector. The sound card converts the analog signal to a digital signal.
The digital audio data from the sound card is carried across the PCI bus to the bus controller. The controller determines which device on the PCI device has priority to send data to the CPU. It also checks to see if data is going directly to the CPU or to system memory.
Since the sound card is in record mode, the bus controller assigns a high priority to the data coming from it and sends the sound card's data over the bus bridge to the system bus.
The system bus saves the data in system memory. Once the recording is complete, you can decide whether the data from the sound card is saved to a hard drive or retained in memory for additional processing.
ESCD is also used as a communications link between the BIOS and the operating system. Both use the ESCD area to read the current status of the hardware and to record changes. Windows 95 reads the ESCD to see if hardware has been changed and react accordingly. Windows 95 also allows users to override Plug and Play resource assignments by manually changing resources in the Device Manager. This information is recorded in the ESCD area so the BIOS knows about the change at the next boot and doesn't try to change the assignment back again.
The ESCD information is stored in a non-volatile CMOS memory area, the same way that standard BIOS settings are stored.
Note: Some (relatively rare) systems using Windows 95 can exhibit strange behavior that is caused by incompatibility between how Windows 95 and the BIOS are using ESCD. This can cause an "Updating ESCD" message to appear each and every time the system is booted, instead of only when the hardware is changed.
When you add a new USB device to your computer system, the USB bus detects the new component and notifies the function driver of the change.
The function driver notifies the Plug and Play Manager that a new device has been added to the system.
The Plug and Play Manager queries the USB bus to locate the drivers for the current device tree. An Interrupt Request Packet (IRP) is sent from the Plug and Play Manager to the device stack to determine the devices that are currently on the USB bus.
When the USB bus completes the IRP, it is sent back through the device stack to the Plug and Play Manager, which determines whether a new device has been added or removed.
The Plug and Play Manager obtains information about the component and then begins to configure it.
The Plug and Play Manager searches through the registry to determine whether the device has been previously installed on the system.
If the device has not previously been attached to the system, the Plug and Play Manager updates the registry with information about the device.
The Plug and Play Manager finds and loads the drivers for the device if they are present.
The Plug and Play Manager assigns the necessary system resources to the device.
The Plug and Play Manager sends an IRP to start the device.