This document discusses plaster casts, including their purpose, types, materials, and nursing care. Plaster casts are used to immobilize and protect injured body parts during healing. Common types include short/long arm casts and short/long leg casts. Plaster of Paris is the most common casting material as it hardens upon contact with water. Nurses must carefully assess skin under casts for complications and educate patients on cast care.
it explain about introduction, definition, purpose of applying cast, indcation, type of cast, procedure of application and removal of plaster and management.
it explain about introduction, definition, purpose of applying cast, indcation, type of cast, procedure of application and removal of plaster and management.
this topic explains the nature of pain, signs and symptoms of pain, different types of pain, factors influencing pain, assessment of pain and pharmacological and non pharmacological management of pain.
Common surgical instruments for medical students.
The the PPT contains: introduction, history, handling & care, classification and description of individual surgical instrument with good pictures, synonyms, uses, design description & insight.
Hope this is worth sharing.
Cast and immobilization techniques in orthopaedics by Dr O.O. AfuyeAlade Olubunmi
Cast, similar in function to splints are used to immobilize broken bones. The principles of its application and cast care most be followed for effectiveness.
this topic explains the nature of pain, signs and symptoms of pain, different types of pain, factors influencing pain, assessment of pain and pharmacological and non pharmacological management of pain.
Common surgical instruments for medical students.
The the PPT contains: introduction, history, handling & care, classification and description of individual surgical instrument with good pictures, synonyms, uses, design description & insight.
Hope this is worth sharing.
Cast and immobilization techniques in orthopaedics by Dr O.O. AfuyeAlade Olubunmi
Cast, similar in function to splints are used to immobilize broken bones. The principles of its application and cast care most be followed for effectiveness.
CARE OF CLIENTS WITH CAST AND SPLINTS
A cast is a rigid, temporary, immobilizing and protective external device made of layers of plasters or fiberglass material (synthetic material) moulded to the body parts that it encases.
PURPOSES: To immobilize, support and protect the fractured extremity.
To correct and prevent deformities
To stabilize weakened joints
To apply uniform compression to soft tissues of an amputated extremity.
To promote healing process
To prevent injury in case of osteomyelitis
To promote early mobilization.
SPLINTS
Application of an immobilizing devices to stabilize a broken bone or injured body part from moving and to protect it from further damage to body.
This slide includes general principles of fracture management. This is just a basic idea. I have tried to include figures as well as videos. But unfortunately videos wont play here.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
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How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
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Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
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According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
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The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
2. INTRODUCTION
• Plaster casts made from Plaster of Paris, the device encases the injured part in order to
protect and immobilize it during the healing process and it is used to correct the
deformity.
• A cast is a rigid external immobilizing device that is moulded to the part of the body to
which it is applied.
• Cast application is the process of applying Plaster of Paris to a body part for
immobilization or to align mal-positioned tissues such as club foot, congenital hip
dislocation, etc.
3. DEFINITION
• A cast is an immobilizing device, made of plaster bandages, fiber glass or a
thermolabile plastic material.
OR
• A cast application is a process of applying Plaster of Paris to a body part for
immobilization or to align mal-positioned tissues.
4. PURPOSE
• To immobilize a body part in a specific position
• To immobilize and hold the bone fragments
• To correct the deformity
• To prevent the deformity
• To apply uniform pressure on soft tissues
• To support and rest a part after surgical intervention until healing occurs
5. TYPES OF CAST
1) Short Arm Cast:-
It extends from below the elbow to the proximal palm crease.
6. 2) Gauntlet Cast:-
It extends from below the elbow to the proximal palm crease,
including the thumb (thumb spica).
7. 3) Long Arm Cast:-
It extends from the upper level of the axillary fold to the
palm crease. The elbow is usually immobilized.
8. 4) Short Leg Cast:-
It extends from below the knee to the base of toes.
5) Long Leg Cast:-
It extends from the junction of the upper and the middle third
the thigh to the base of the toes, the foot is at right angle in a neutral position.
10. 7) Body Cast:-
It incorporates a position of the trunk and one or two
11. 8) Shoulder Spica Cast:-
It is a body jacket that encloses the trunk and the shoulder and
elbow.
12. CASTING MATERIAL [PLASTER OF
PARIS]
• Plaster of Paris (anhydrous calcium sulfate) is a chalky white powder.
• In the process of making Plaster of Paris, crystals of gypsum are broken up and reduced to
the powder form and heat is applied to remove water from crystals.
• A chemical process of rehydration occurs when Plaster of Paris is placed in water.
• The exothermic reaction that takes place during this recrystallization or setting period that
generates heat which can be felt in newly applied cast.
• Plaster of Paris bandages are available in varying widths from 2” to 8”.
• Plaster of Paris is available in various setting speeds, extra fast (2 to 4 min), fast (5 to 8 min)
and slow (10 to 18 min).
• The strength of a completed cast is determined by the number of layers of plaster used.
• Plaster of Paris splints of varying sizes are also available.
13. PROCEDURE OF CAST APPLICATION
Articles:-
• Rolls of plaster 3,4 or 6 inch rolls
• Gloves and apron
• Scissors with blunt end
• Bowls with water, cool at the time of application
• Positioning equipment e.g.:- fracture table or chair
14. Preparation Of The Patient & Environment:-
• Determine the reason for and type of cast being applied
• Examine skin for any kind of lesions
• Assess the affected part for circulatory and neuromuscular status: color, temperature
response to touch and ability to move
• Determine if currently has complications of immobilization
Procedure:-
• Explain the procedure to the client
• Prior to the application of the cast, the patient should be informed that he will feel warm
under the plaster, but the application of the plaster is not painful.
• The patient is draped to prevent the plaster from smearing on those parts that are not
cast.
• The part that has to be cast is cleaned with soap and water, and dried. Padding with cotton
placed over the area on the bony prominences.
• Orthopedics is used for padding. Then the cast is applied.
15. • Measure and cut the stockinette
• Roll the stockinette
• Hold the affected limb in a neutral position grasping the joints of uninjured parts while
the physician / technicians applies the stockinette
• Immerse the correct size cast roll in cold water squeeze to remove excess water
• Support the body part in anatomical position by grasping the distal position or
unaffected area
• Assist with moulding the shape of the cast
• Assist the physician in folding the stockinette at distal and proximal edges of the cast
Trimming The Cast:
After the application, the plaster is cleaned from the patients skin with a towel.
The cast is trimmed or cut with a cast knife or scissors.
16. Drying A Cast:
A cast should be exposed to circulating air, so that it will dry.
The patient should be kept under a fan. After a cast has cooled the arm or leg
applied with a cast should be elevated above the level of heart to reduce swelling.
The cast should not be allowed to rest on hard surfaces or sharp edges as it may
cause pressure in the cast and can cause pressure sores.
Immediate Cast Care Following Application:
Immediate care is needed to avoid complications
Mainly 2 types of complications can occur they are constriction of circulation and
pressure on tissues and bony parts.
So skin around the edges of the cast should be inspected for signs of irritation.
Accessible skin should be massaged with an emollient.
Pressure sores develop over bony prominences. So the exposed area should be
washed and massaged.
The area of the cast around the perineum needs to be protected from excretions.
When cast is dried the perineum is covered with towel.
18. NURSING CARE OF PATIENT WITH
PLASTER CAST
• Assess the edges of the cast and all skin areas where the cast edges may cause pressure.
• If there is any signs of edema or circulatory impairement then notify it to incharge nurse or
physician immediately.
• Move the skin gently in backward and forward manner to stimulate circulation.
• Assess for any bad odors to identify any tissue damage.
• Check the integrity of cast by looking for cracks, breaks and soft spots.
• The casted body part must be examined and assessed frequently in order to prevent
complications.
• Assess the presence of sensation in the affected limb by touching exposed areas of skin and
asking the patient regarding what he felt.
19. • Assess the motor ability of the affected limb by having the patient wiggle his fingers
or toes.
• Educate the patient regarding following:
o Avoid resting cast on hard surfaces or sharp edges that may cause pressure on
the cast and pressure sore can develop.
o Never use a pen or other foreign objects to scratch inside the cast. This may
cause skin damage and infection.
• Report any danger signs like pale, cold fingers or toes, tingling, numbness, increased
pain, pressure spots, bad odors or feeling that the cast has become too tight.
• Report if any damage to the cast such as cracks, breaks or soft spots.
• Never attempt to remove or alter the cast.
• After a leg cast is applied reduce the swelling by elevating the extremity above the
level of heart.
• If the patient has an arm cast then instruct the patient to tighten and release the fist.
• Encourage the patient to move his fingers and toes frequently.