The document discusses the classification of plants, highlighting the differences between non-flowering and flowering plants, including mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, monocots, and dicots. It outlines key characteristics such as reproductive structures, types of leaves, and vascular tissues. Additionally, it informs about monocots and dicots as two main groups of flowering plants, their defining features, and examples of each.

1. Plants & its Classification
“A backbone for human being.”

2. Plant Kingdom
Non-flowering
Plants
Flowering
Plants
Mosses Ferns Gymnosperms
(No roots) (With roots) (Naked Seeds)
Monocots Dicots
(1 Seed) (2 Seed)

3. Mosses
Characteristics of mosses
 Simplest plants
 No true roots, No vascular tissues (no transport).
 Simple stems & leaves
 Have rhizoids for anchorage
 Spores from capsules (wind-dispersal)
Damp terrestrial land

4. Ferns
 Roots, feathery leaves & underground stems
have vascular tissues (transport & support)
 Spore-producing organ on the
underside
of leaves (reproduction)
 Damp & shady places.
Characteristics of Ferns
Spore
Producing
Organs
Circinate
Young
Leaf

5. Gymnosperms
 Tall evergreen trees roots,
woody stems needle-shaped
leaves.
 Vascular tissues (transport)
 Cones with reproductive
structures
 Naked seeds in female cones dry
places
Characteristics of GymnospermsMale
Cones
(In Cluster)
Female
Cones
(Scattered)
Needle
Shaped
Leaves

6. Flowering Plants
Characteristics of Flowering Plants
 Roots
 Stem
 Leaves
 Vascular Tissue (Transport)
 Flower (Contains Seed)
 Fruits (Contains Seed)

7. Monocotyledons
Parallel
Vein
Monocotyledons are a class of flowering plants (angiosperms),
whose embryo (seed) store only one cotyledon. The APG II
system recognizes a clade called "monocots" but does not
assign it to a taxonomic rank. You can recognize a monocot by
its leaves: they have long parallel veins running down the leaf.
e.g. grass, maize

8. Dicotyledons
Parallel
Vein
The dicotyledons, also known as dicots, are one of the
two groups into which all the flowering plants or
angiosperms were formerly divided. The name refers to
one of the typical characteristics of the group, namely that
the seed has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons.
e.g. daisies, hawthorns, oaks.