Classification of plants
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Plants are divided into two main groups: non-flowering plants and flowering plants. Non-flowering plants include mosses, ferns, and gymnosperms. Mosses are the simplest plants and have no roots or vascular tissue, ferns have roots and vascular tissue but reproduce via spores, and gymnosperms are tall trees that bear cones with naked seeds. Flowering plants are further divided into monocots and dicots based on the number of seed leaves and the structure of their leaves.
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Classification of plants school
The document classifies plants into two main categories: non-flowering plants and flowering plants. Non-flowering plants include mosses, ferns, and gymnosperms. Mosses are the simplest plants and have no roots or vascular tissue, ferns have roots and vascular tissue with spores produced on leaves, and gymnosperms are tall trees with needle-shaped leaves and cones containing naked seeds. Flowering plants are divided into monocots and dicots; monocots have one seed leaf and parallel veins while dicots have two seed leaves and a network of veins.
Flowering plant life cycle
Plants reproduce through a life cycle where a seed germinates when it receives water, air, and the proper temperature, sprouting a seedling. The seedling grows into an adult plant with roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. The flowers then produce fruits containing new seeds, which when released can start the cycle again by germinating into new plants.
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This document provides an overview of tree identification techniques. It discusses using features such as leaves, bark, location, shape, size, and twigs to identify trees. Specific identification terminology for leaves is defined, including types such as simple, compound, margins, and arrangements. Common tree identification features like fruits, shapes, and buds are also outlined. The document concludes with examples walking through identifying tree species using dichotomous keys focused on leaf features.
ROOT & STEM MORPHOLOGY
1) Morphology is the study of the external features, arrangement, and relationships of plant organs. Roots grow underground and absorb water and minerals, anchoring the plant. Stems grow above ground and transport nutrients between roots and leaves.
2) Roots have various modifications including storage roots, prop roots, stilt roots, climbing roots, and parasitic roots. Stems also have modifications underground like bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and above ground like runners, stolons, and suckers.
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Classification Of Plants
The document classifies plants into two main groups: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Non-flowering plants are further divided into mosses, ferns, and gymnosperms. Mosses have no true roots or vascular tissues, simple stems and leaves, and reproduce via spores from capsules dispersed by wind. Ferns have roots, feathery leaves, underground stems, and vascular tissues, reproducing via spores on leaf undersides. Gymnosperms are tall evergreen trees like pine trees with needle-shaped leaves, cones, and naked seeds in female cones. Flowering plants are divided into monocots and dicots based on their seed and leaf characteristics.
Plant classification
The document summarizes key characteristics of the four main groups in the plant kingdom - bryophytes, pteridophytes, conifers, and angiosperms. Bryophytes include mosses and are small non-vascular plants that reproduce using spores and live in damp environments. Pteridophytes are vascular plants like ferns that can grow larger than bryophytes due to possessing tissues like xylem and phloem. Conifers are gymnosperms that bear naked seeds in cones, while angiosperms are flowering plants that produce fruits enclosing seeds.
The Flower
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants. The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs.
In addition to facilitating the reproduction of flowering plants, flowers have long been admired and used by humans to bring beauty to their environment, and also as objects of romance, ritual, religion, medicine and as a source of food.
In this lesson you will learn about :
1) Flower - Definition & Functions
2) Floral Symmetry
3) Pedicellate & Sessile Flowers
4) Insertion of Floral Leaves on the Thalamus
5) Parts of a Flower
6) Some Important Terms related to Flowers
7) Floral Whorls - Calyx, Corolla, Androecium and Gynoecium
8) Placentation
9) Inflorescenece
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next lesson. Thanks.
Stems
Stems serve both supportive and conductive functions for plants. They develop from the epicotyl of seeds and connect other plant organs like leaves, flowers, and fruit. Stems can be modified for storage, protection, or propagation. Some common modified stems include rootstocks, bulbs, corms, caudices, rhizomes, stolons, cladodes, and tubers. Rootstocks like bulbs, corms, and caudices remain underground during harsh conditions. Rhizomes are horizontal underground stems while tubers are thick underground storage stems lacking scales. Stolons are stems that propagate horizontally just below the soil surface.
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The document classifies plants into two main categories: non-flowering plants and flowering plants. Non-flowering plants include mosses, ferns, and gymnosperms. Mosses are the simplest plants and have no roots or vascular tissue, ferns have roots and vascular tissue with spores produced on leaves, and gymnosperms are tall trees with needle-shaped leaves and cones containing naked seeds. Flowering plants are divided into monocots and dicots; monocots have one seed leaf and parallel veins while dicots have two seed leaves and a network of veins.
Flowering plant life cycle
Plants reproduce through a life cycle where a seed germinates when it receives water, air, and the proper temperature, sprouting a seedling. The seedling grows into an adult plant with roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. The flowers then produce fruits containing new seeds, which when released can start the cycle again by germinating into new plants.
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ROOT & STEM MORPHOLOGY
1) Morphology is the study of the external features, arrangement, and relationships of plant organs. Roots grow underground and absorb water and minerals, anchoring the plant. Stems grow above ground and transport nutrients between roots and leaves.
2) Roots have various modifications including storage roots, prop roots, stilt roots, climbing roots, and parasitic roots. Stems also have modifications underground like bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and above ground like runners, stolons, and suckers.
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Classification Of Plants
The document classifies plants into two main groups: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Non-flowering plants are further divided into mosses, ferns, and gymnosperms. Mosses have no true roots or vascular tissues, simple stems and leaves, and reproduce via spores from capsules dispersed by wind. Ferns have roots, feathery leaves, underground stems, and vascular tissues, reproducing via spores on leaf undersides. Gymnosperms are tall evergreen trees like pine trees with needle-shaped leaves, cones, and naked seeds in female cones. Flowering plants are divided into monocots and dicots based on their seed and leaf characteristics.
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The document summarizes key characteristics of the four main groups in the plant kingdom - bryophytes, pteridophytes, conifers, and angiosperms. Bryophytes include mosses and are small non-vascular plants that reproduce using spores and live in damp environments. Pteridophytes are vascular plants like ferns that can grow larger than bryophytes due to possessing tissues like xylem and phloem. Conifers are gymnosperms that bear naked seeds in cones, while angiosperms are flowering plants that produce fruits enclosing seeds.
The Flower
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants. The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs.
In addition to facilitating the reproduction of flowering plants, flowers have long been admired and used by humans to bring beauty to their environment, and also as objects of romance, ritual, religion, medicine and as a source of food.
In this lesson you will learn about :
1) Flower - Definition & Functions
2) Floral Symmetry
3) Pedicellate & Sessile Flowers
4) Insertion of Floral Leaves on the Thalamus
5) Parts of a Flower
6) Some Important Terms related to Flowers
7) Floral Whorls - Calyx, Corolla, Androecium and Gynoecium
8) Placentation
9) Inflorescenece
I hope this document is helpful to you. Please share the document with your friends if you think this will benefit them. Get ready for the next lesson. Thanks.
Stems
Stems serve both supportive and conductive functions for plants. They develop from the epicotyl of seeds and connect other plant organs like leaves, flowers, and fruit. Stems can be modified for storage, protection, or propagation. Some common modified stems include rootstocks, bulbs, corms, caudices, rhizomes, stolons, cladodes, and tubers. Rootstocks like bulbs, corms, and caudices remain underground during harsh conditions. Rhizomes are horizontal underground stems while tubers are thick underground storage stems lacking scales. Stolons are stems that propagate horizontally just below the soil surface.
Pollination & Fertilization in Plants
Pollination and fertilization in plants is a multi-step process. Pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of the flower through pollination, which can be self-pollination or cross-pollination. Upon reaching the stigma, the pollen grain germinates and the pollen tube grows down through the style until it reaches the ovule. Double fertilization then occurs, where one sperm cell fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote, and the other sperm cell fuses with the central cells to form the endosperm. This provides nutrition for the developing embryo and leads to the formation of seeds.
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This document discusses the key characteristics of flowering plants. Flowering plants, or angiosperms, are defined as plants that produce flowers. They are divided into two main classes - monocots and dicots - based on whether they have one cotyledon or two. Monocots have a single cotyledon while dicots have two. Flowering plants are also distinguished by their production of flowers, which contain male or female reproductive parts, and their production of fruits, which enclose the seeds.
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Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the stamen to the stigma of a flower. There are two main types of pollination: cross-pollination which is the transfer of pollen between two different plants, and self-pollination which is the transfer of pollen within the same flower or plant. Pollination can be carried out by insects, wind or water, with the main agents being insects like bees and butterflies, or the wind. Insect-pollinated flowers tend to be large, brightly colored with scents to attract insects, while wind-pollinated flowers are smaller and dull colored without scents.
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Angiosperms and gymnosperms
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Plant transpiration
Transpiration is the evaporation of water from plants through their stomata. It allows plants to transport water and minerals throughout their systems and cool their leaves. The rate of transpiration is affected by environmental factors like light, temperature, humidity, wind, and soil water availability. Plants have adaptations like thick cuticles, small leaves, and sunken stomata that help reduce water loss through transpiration.
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The document classifies plants into two main groups: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Non-flowering plants are further divided into ferns, mosses and gymnosperms. Ferns have vascular tissue and spore-producing organs on their leaves. Mosses are the simplest plants lacking true roots and vascular tissue, with spores produced in capsules. Gymnosperms are coniferous trees with naked seeds in female cones. Flowering plants are divided into monocotyledons and dicotyledons based on their seed and leaf characteristics.
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1. It describes different types of flower symmetry and parts such as sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils.
2. It discusses pollination methods like hummingbirds, bats, moths and different flower arrangements.
3. It covers leaf anatomy like the epidermis, stomata, mesophyll and venation as well as leaf types, margins, bases and arrangements.
P L A N T S
The plant kingdom is divided into two main groups: vascular and non-vascular plants. Vascular plants have tissues that transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. Non-vascular plants like mosses and liverworts lack these tissues and rely on cell walls for transport. Seedless plants reproduce via spores and include non-vascular bryophytes as well as vascular horsetails, ferns, and spikemosses. Seed plants have true roots, stems, leaves and vascular tissues. They reproduce via seeds and are divided into gymnosperms like conifers, which have naked seeds, and angiosperms, which produce flowers and fruits containing seeds. Angiosperms are further divided into monocots and dicots.
Flowering Plants
The document summarizes the structure and functions of plant shoots and roots. It describes that shoots comprise stems, branches, leaves and flowers. Leaves perform photosynthesis and transpiration. Roots absorb water and minerals from soil. There are two main root systems - taproot and fibrous. Xylem and phloem tissues transport water and food throughout the plant.
intro_to_plants.ppt
This document provides an overview of plant classification and structure. It begins by discussing the importance of plants and how they are classified from the broadest groups of vascular vs. nonvascular plants. It then describes the major vascular plant groups of gymnosperms and angiosperms, and how angiosperms are further divided into monocots and dicots. The document outlines the key structures and functions of plant parts like flowers, leaves, stems, and roots. It also covers plant reproduction, growth, and environmental responses.
Plant parts
Plants have three main parts - leaves, stems, and roots. Leaves produce food for the plant through photosynthesis and have structures like the epidermis, stomata, and chloroplasts that allow them to carry out this function. Stems transport water, minerals, and food throughout the plant. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil and transport them to the stems. Plants are important as they produce oxygen, food, building materials and play many other roles in ecosystems.
2nd Lecture Leaves Fruits
This document summarizes different types of plant inflorescences (flower arrangements), leaf structures, and leaf arrangements. It describes common inflorescences like catkins, racemes, panicles, and cymes. It then discusses leaf epidermis, stomata, mesophyll tissue, and vascular tissues. Finally, it covers leaf morphology, types of compound and simple leaves, leaf venation patterns, and differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms.
Plant anatomy presentation
This document provides an overview of plant anatomy, focusing on the four basic plant parts - leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. It describes the structures and functions of each part in detail. For leaves, it outlines the tissues of the leaf including the epidermis, mesophyll layer, and vascular bundles. For stems, it discusses external structures, internal structures of monocots and dicots, and specialized stem types. It also defines the different types of roots and their internal and external parts. Finally, it examines the structures and types of flowers.
Plant anatomy & physiology
This document summarizes plant anatomy and physiology, focusing on the four basic parts of plants - leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. It describes the structures and functions of each part in detail, including tissues of the leaf like the epidermis, mesophyll layer, and vascular bundles. It also discusses specialized stem structures like bulbs, tubers, and rhizomes. The summary provides an overview of the key components and processes in plant anatomy.
Chapter 4- Getting To know Plants
Plants can be classified as herbs, shrubs, or trees based on their height, stem, and branches. Herbs are small with soft stems, shrubs are bushy and medium-sized, and trees are tall with hard woody stems. Creepers and climbers are also types of plants. A typical plant has roots that anchor it and absorb water/minerals and a stem that supports the plant and transports fluids. Leaves use photosynthesis to make food and transpire water. Flowers are the reproductive parts with sepals, petals, stamens, and a pistil.
Plant morphology
This document discusses the morphology of plants. It describes the three basic plant organs as roots, stems, and leaves. For each organ, it outlines their characteristics, functions, types and modifications. For roots, it discusses the root cap, zones of a root, taproot vs fibrous root systems, and storage and support root modifications. For stems, it covers nodes, internodes, buds and their types, as well as underground, sub-aerial and aerial stem modifications. Finally, it outlines leaf structure including petioles, blades, epidermis, stomata and mesophyll, and describes buds and their locations.
Angiosperm notes
The document discusses key differences between monocots and dicots. It defines morphology and anatomy, and describes monocots and dicots having single and double cotyledons respectively. Roots, stems, and leaves are compared between the two classes, noting differences in vascular structure and venation patterns. Modified stems and leaves are also briefly mentioned.
Flower Dissection.ppt
This document summarizes key details about the flower Alstroemeria:
- It is classified as a monocot with tepals rather than distinct petals and sepals. The tepals have similar color and texture.
- It contains six undivided stamens and has three carpels forming an inferior ovary.
- Its leaves have parallel veins like grasses and irises, and twist as they extend from the stem in a feature called resupinate.
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Classification of plants
- 3. 3 groups Non - flowering Plants Mosses Ferns Gymnosperms Do NOT produce flowers
- 4. A plant can be divided into 3 parts
- 7. Characteristics of Mosses Simplest plants No true roots, No vascular tissues (no transport) Simple stems & leaves Have rhizoids for anchorage Spores from capsules (wind-dispersal) Damp terrestrial land
- 9. A leaf (finely divided into small parts) underground stem root
- 11. Characteristics of Ferns roots, feathery leaves & underground stems have vascular tissues (transport & support) Spore-producing organ on the underside of leaves (reproduction) Damp & shady places
- 14. Male cones (in clusters) Female cones (scattered)
- 15. Characteristics of Gymnosperms tall evergreen trees roots, woody stems needle-shaped leaves vascular tissues (transport) cones with reproductive structures naked seeds in female cones dry places
- 16. 2 groups Flowering Plants Monocotyledons Dicotyledons roots, stems, leaves vascular tissues (transport) flowers, fruits (contain seeds)
- 18. Characteristics of Monocotyledons one seed-leaf leaves have parallel veins herbaceous plants e.g. grass, maize
- 20. Characteristics of Dicotyledons two seed-leaves leaves have veins in network e.g. trees, sunflower, rose