The manner of distribution of placentae on the ovary wall is called placentation
the presentation includes the types and details about the placentation along with photos and labled diagrams.
The document provides details about the structure and features of pine trees (Pinus). Key points include:
- Pine trees are coniferous evergreen trees that are important forest makers. They have a taproot system and produce dimorphic branches and leaves.
- The internal structure of pine needles, roots, and stems show adaptations for photosynthesis, conduction, storage, and protection. Pine needles have epidermis, mesophyll and stele tissues. Roots and stems develop secondary tissues over time.
- Pine trees are gymnosperms that reproduce via pollen cones and seed cones. Their systematic position is in the division Gymnospermae, class Coniferophyta, order Coniferales
Pentoxylales were small trees or shrubs that existed in the Jurassic period in India. They had long and short shoots resembling Ginkgo, with spirally arranged leaves and scales. The stems (Pentoxylon) had five triangular segments around a central tissue. Leaves (Nipaniophyllum) were strap-shaped with a midrib. Male cones (Sahnia) bore pollen sacs on short shoots. Female cones (Carnoconites) had ovules aggregated into strobili on short shoots. Stomata were syndetochelic. Wood was pycnoxylic, resembling conifers. Pentoxylales displayed features intermediate between ferns
This document discusses the structure and development of the anther wall in flowering plants. It notes that the anther wall consists of four layers - epidermis, endothecium, middle layers, and tapetum. The tapetum is the innermost layer and completely surrounds the sporogenous tissue. It transports nutrients to developing spores and is involved in exine formation, either through amoeboid intrusion into the anther locule or secretion of substances. The document provides details on the structure and function of each anther wall layer.
The document summarizes the structure of the ovule and types of ovules. It describes that the ovule consists of an integument(s), funicle, nucellus, and micropyle. There are two main types of integuments - unitegmic with one integument and bitegmic with two integuments. Six types of ovules are described based on the position of the micropyle and chalaza relative to the funicle: orthotropous, anatropous, hemi-anatropous, campylotropous, amphitropous, and circinotropous. Anatropous ovules have the body completely inverted so
Selaginella, commonly known as club moss or spike moss, is a genus of vascular plants that has worldwide distribution, especially in tropical regions. It reproduces both sexually and asexually. The plant body is differentiated into roots, stems, microphyllous leaves, and ligules. The stems are green and branched. Microspores and megaspores are produced in sporangia and develop into male and female gametophytes, respectively, through precocious germination. Fertilization occurs when sperm from the male gametophyte fuses with eggs in the female gametophyte, forming a diploid sporophyte.
1. Gilbert Morgan Smith was a botanist best known for his books on algae.
2. In 1950, the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature recommended that plant divisions end in -phyta and sub-divisions in -opsida.
3. G.M. Smith classified pteridophytes into four divisions - Psilophyta, Lycophyta, Sphenophyta, and Pterophyta - based on characteristics like plant structure, vascular tissue, reproduction features, and gametophyte traits.
Classification denotes the arrangement of a single plant or group of plants an distinct category following a system of nomenclature, and in accordance with a particular and well established plan.
The document provides details about the structure and features of pine trees (Pinus). Key points include:
- Pine trees are coniferous evergreen trees that are important forest makers. They have a taproot system and produce dimorphic branches and leaves.
- The internal structure of pine needles, roots, and stems show adaptations for photosynthesis, conduction, storage, and protection. Pine needles have epidermis, mesophyll and stele tissues. Roots and stems develop secondary tissues over time.
- Pine trees are gymnosperms that reproduce via pollen cones and seed cones. Their systematic position is in the division Gymnospermae, class Coniferophyta, order Coniferales
Pentoxylales were small trees or shrubs that existed in the Jurassic period in India. They had long and short shoots resembling Ginkgo, with spirally arranged leaves and scales. The stems (Pentoxylon) had five triangular segments around a central tissue. Leaves (Nipaniophyllum) were strap-shaped with a midrib. Male cones (Sahnia) bore pollen sacs on short shoots. Female cones (Carnoconites) had ovules aggregated into strobili on short shoots. Stomata were syndetochelic. Wood was pycnoxylic, resembling conifers. Pentoxylales displayed features intermediate between ferns
This document discusses the structure and development of the anther wall in flowering plants. It notes that the anther wall consists of four layers - epidermis, endothecium, middle layers, and tapetum. The tapetum is the innermost layer and completely surrounds the sporogenous tissue. It transports nutrients to developing spores and is involved in exine formation, either through amoeboid intrusion into the anther locule or secretion of substances. The document provides details on the structure and function of each anther wall layer.
The document summarizes the structure of the ovule and types of ovules. It describes that the ovule consists of an integument(s), funicle, nucellus, and micropyle. There are two main types of integuments - unitegmic with one integument and bitegmic with two integuments. Six types of ovules are described based on the position of the micropyle and chalaza relative to the funicle: orthotropous, anatropous, hemi-anatropous, campylotropous, amphitropous, and circinotropous. Anatropous ovules have the body completely inverted so
Selaginella, commonly known as club moss or spike moss, is a genus of vascular plants that has worldwide distribution, especially in tropical regions. It reproduces both sexually and asexually. The plant body is differentiated into roots, stems, microphyllous leaves, and ligules. The stems are green and branched. Microspores and megaspores are produced in sporangia and develop into male and female gametophytes, respectively, through precocious germination. Fertilization occurs when sperm from the male gametophyte fuses with eggs in the female gametophyte, forming a diploid sporophyte.
1. Gilbert Morgan Smith was a botanist best known for his books on algae.
2. In 1950, the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature recommended that plant divisions end in -phyta and sub-divisions in -opsida.
3. G.M. Smith classified pteridophytes into four divisions - Psilophyta, Lycophyta, Sphenophyta, and Pterophyta - based on characteristics like plant structure, vascular tissue, reproduction features, and gametophyte traits.
Classification denotes the arrangement of a single plant or group of plants an distinct category following a system of nomenclature, and in accordance with a particular and well established plan.
Stelar evolution in Pteridophytes-BOTANYANJALIJAYAN6
Pteridophytes are vascular plants that reproduce via spores. They have a number of shared characteristics including lignified cell walls, tracheary elements, and an independent sporophyte generation. The stele, or central vascular cylinder, of pteridophytes can take several forms. The protostele is the simplest form, with a central xylem core surrounded by phloem. More advanced forms include the siphonostele, with a central pith, and the dictyostele, with overlapping leaf gaps. The eustele features a ring of vascular bundles around the edge of the pith.
The "Telome theory" of Walter Zimmermann (1930, 1952) is the most accepted theory that is based on fossil record and synthesizes the major steps in the evolution of vascular plants.
It describes how the primitive type of vascular plants developed from Rhynia like plants.
The document discusses the orchid family (Orchidaceae). It describes their key characteristics such as perennial herbs that can be terrestrial, epiphytic or saprophytic. Their flowers are zygomorphic, hermaphroditic and epigynous. They have modified structures like the labellum, column and rostellum. Pollen is united into pollinia. They are one of the largest flowering plant families with over 1000 genera and 20,000 species found worldwide, especially in tropical areas. Orchids show primitive characteristics like pseudobulbs and advanced characteristics like diverse flower shapes and sizes and pollinia formation.
Vascular Cambium & Seasonal activity & its Role in Stem & RootFatima Ramay
Vascular Cambium & Seasonal activity & its Role in Stem & Root:
The vascular cambium (pl. cambia or cambiums) is a lateral meristem in the vascular tissue of plants.
The vascular cambium is a cylindrical layer of cambium that runs through the stem of a plant that undergoes secondary growth.
In Dicots:
The vascular cambium is in dicot stems and roots, located between the xylem and the phloem in the stem and root of a vascular plant, and is the source of both the secondary xylem growth (inwards, towards the pith) and the secondary phloem growth (outwards).
In Monocots:
Monocot stems, such as corn, palms and bamboos, do not have a vascular cambium and do not exhibit secondary growth by the production of concentric annual rings. They cannot increase in girth by adding lateral layers of cells as in conifers and woody dicots.
Cambium of some plants remains active for the entire period of their life, i.e., cambial cells divide and resulting cells mature to form xylem and phloem elements.
This type of seasonal activity usually found in the plants present in the tropical regions, and not all plants show cambial activity.
Percentage of ringless trees in the rain forests of;India : 75%Amazon : 43%Malaysia : 15%
In regions with definite seasonal climate; seasonal activity of cambium ceased with onset of unfavorable conditions; In Autumn, it enters the dormant state and lasts for the end of summer; In Spring, cambium again becomes active.
Duration of cambial activity is also affected by day-length, e.g., In Robinia pseudoacacia, cambium is dormant under short-day condition.
The cambium cells formed in circular in cross section from the beginning onwards.
The cambial ring is partially primary (fascicular cambium) and partially secondary (interfascicular cambium).
Periderm originates from the cortical cells (extra stelar in origin).
In Dicot stem, for mechanical support xylem is with comparatively smaller vessels, greater fibers and less parenchyma.
More amount of cork is produces for protection.
Lenticels on periderm are very prominent.
The cambial ring formed is wavy in the beginning and later becomes circular.
The cambium ring is completely secondary in origin.
Periderm originates from the pericycle (intra stelar in origin).
In Dicot root, xylem is with big thin walled vessels with few fibers and more parenchyma.
Less amount of cork is produced as root is underground.
Lenticels on periderm are not very prominent.
The document summarizes the development of different embryo types in plants, including dicot and monocot embryos. It describes the key stages of proembryo formation from the zygote through cell divisions that establish the suspensor and hypophysis and organize tissue layers. Specific embryo types discussed include Onagrad, Solanad, Caryophyllad, Chenopodiad, and Piperad. The development of the filament tube structure is also outlined.
Wall layers of anther have different functions most importantly they help in providing nutrition to developing pollens and also help in anther dehiscence.
- Gnetum is a genus of gymnosperms that are tropical evergreen trees, shrubs, and lianas. Unlike other gymnosperms, they possess vessel elements in their xylem.
- There are approximately 35 species of Gnetum distributed mainly in tropical and humid regions of Africa, Asia, and South America. Five species are reported in India.
- Gnetum reproduces sexually as a dioecious plant. The male and female strobili (inflorescences) are compound structures composed of bracts and rings of male or female flowers. Pollen grains contain two nuclei that develop into the male gametophyte within the anther.
This document discusses apogamy and apospory in plants. It defines apogamy as asexual reproduction in ferns where a haploid gametophyte develops into a haploid sporophyte without gamete fusion. Apospory is defined as the development of a diploid gametophyte from the vegetative cells of a diploid sporophyte, without meiosis or spore formation. The key difference between the two is that apogamy produces a haploid embryo while apospory produces a diploid embryo. Causes of each include environmental stresses that prevent normal sexual reproduction. Similarities include that both are asexual reproductive processes that occur in bryophytes and involve alternation of generations
Embyrology in relation to Taxonomy. It is one of the concepts in Modern Taxonomy.in which embryological data is used to strengthen existing classification system.
Classification of gymnosperm by chamberlainsonam yadav
This document summarizes the classification of gymnosperms according to Chamberlain in 1935. It divides gymnosperms into two classes: Cycadophyta and Coniferophyta. Cycadophyta includes three orders - Cycadophytales, Bennettitales, and Cycadales. Coniferophyta includes four orders - Cordaitales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales, and Gnetales. Key characteristics of each order are provided such as reproductive structures, examples, and whether they are extinct or living.
This document discusses monocot and dicot embryogenesis. It describes the key structures and regions of the embryonic axis in monocots and dicots, including the epicotyl, hypocotyl, cotyledons, plumule, and radicle. It also summarizes the different types of dicot embryogenesis based on the contribution of the apical and basal cells, such as the onagrad, asterad, solanad, and chenopodiad types. The embryogenesis process in the monocot Najas is also outlined in detail.
This document describes two plants from the Ranunculaceae family: Ranunculus scleratus and Delphinium ajacis. It provides details on their floral structure including parts, symmetry, aestivation and formula. For Ranunculus, it describes sepals, petals, stamens, and a superior ovary with basal placentation. For Delphinium, it notes zygomorphic symmetry and a gamopetalous corolla with posterior petals fused into a spur. Several medicinal uses of plants from the family are also listed.
This document summarizes key details about the fern genus Pteris. It describes the systematic position of Pteris within the plant kingdom, common Indian species, and global occurrence/distribution. The morphology, anatomy, and reproductive structures of the sporophyte (fern plant) are then explained in detail, covering the rhizome, fronds, leaflets, and roots. Key anatomical features include dictyostele stele in the rhizome, vascular bundles with endodermis and pericycle, and hypostomatous leaflets. Reproduction occurs vegetatively from the rhizome as well as sexually from spores.
The ovule is a multicellular oval-shaped structure which originates from the placenta and lies inside the chamber of the ovary.
Gymnosperms – Naked
Angiosperms – Integumented
A fully mature ovule consists of the stalk or funicle and the body.
The body of the ovule shows two ends –
Basal end - Chalaza &
Upper end - Micropylar end
Hilum - The point of attachment of the funicle with the body
Body of the ovule
Integuments
Nucellus &
Embryo Sac
Integuments
Protecting layers
Unitegmic or bitegmic
Micropyle-small opening at the apex of the integument, Entrance for Pollen tube.
Nucellus
Parenchymatous, nourishing
Embryo sac/female gametophyte - oval, at the micropylar end; contains egg apparatus.
Egg Apparatus
Egg cell or ovum – Central, forms the female gamete
Synergids - nonfunctional, short-lived
Antipodal cells – 3, non functional, short-lived
Nucleus – 2, Polar nuclei, one fuses with male gamete and grows into the endosperm of the seed.
Types of Ovule
Orthotropous
Anatropous
Hemianotropous
Campylotropous
Amphitropous
Circinotropous
Dr. T. Annie Sheron
Annie Sheron
Kakatiya Government College
Wall ingrowths are specialized structures that increase the surface area of plant cell membranes. They are formed through localized deposition of cell wall material which causes invaginations of the plasma membrane. There are three main types of wall ingrowths - flange, reticulate, and papillate. Flange ingrowths resemble secondary cell walls while reticulate ingrowths branch and fuse to form fenestrations. Papillate ingrowths are initially disorganized cellulose deposits that become surrounded by callose and cell wall proteins. Transfer cells are specialized plant cells that facilitate nutrient transport through extensive wall ingrowths that amplify the plasma membrane surface area.
Discusses the psychoanalytical implications of Freud's ideas on Hoffmann's Sandman, along with its dominant themes and motifs. It also offers a criticism of Freudian ideas along with the popularity of Neo-Freudianism. Moreover, it also explains the importance of the symbolism of eyes.
Nausicaa of the valley of the wind.pptxFatima Zahra
Discusses in detail the eco-critical ideas present in Hayao Miyazaki's Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind. The eco-critical ideas of Miyazaki presented in an eco-conscious way make this film an emblem for the application of eco-criticism.
Stelar evolution in Pteridophytes-BOTANYANJALIJAYAN6
Pteridophytes are vascular plants that reproduce via spores. They have a number of shared characteristics including lignified cell walls, tracheary elements, and an independent sporophyte generation. The stele, or central vascular cylinder, of pteridophytes can take several forms. The protostele is the simplest form, with a central xylem core surrounded by phloem. More advanced forms include the siphonostele, with a central pith, and the dictyostele, with overlapping leaf gaps. The eustele features a ring of vascular bundles around the edge of the pith.
The "Telome theory" of Walter Zimmermann (1930, 1952) is the most accepted theory that is based on fossil record and synthesizes the major steps in the evolution of vascular plants.
It describes how the primitive type of vascular plants developed from Rhynia like plants.
The document discusses the orchid family (Orchidaceae). It describes their key characteristics such as perennial herbs that can be terrestrial, epiphytic or saprophytic. Their flowers are zygomorphic, hermaphroditic and epigynous. They have modified structures like the labellum, column and rostellum. Pollen is united into pollinia. They are one of the largest flowering plant families with over 1000 genera and 20,000 species found worldwide, especially in tropical areas. Orchids show primitive characteristics like pseudobulbs and advanced characteristics like diverse flower shapes and sizes and pollinia formation.
Vascular Cambium & Seasonal activity & its Role in Stem & RootFatima Ramay
Vascular Cambium & Seasonal activity & its Role in Stem & Root:
The vascular cambium (pl. cambia or cambiums) is a lateral meristem in the vascular tissue of plants.
The vascular cambium is a cylindrical layer of cambium that runs through the stem of a plant that undergoes secondary growth.
In Dicots:
The vascular cambium is in dicot stems and roots, located between the xylem and the phloem in the stem and root of a vascular plant, and is the source of both the secondary xylem growth (inwards, towards the pith) and the secondary phloem growth (outwards).
In Monocots:
Monocot stems, such as corn, palms and bamboos, do not have a vascular cambium and do not exhibit secondary growth by the production of concentric annual rings. They cannot increase in girth by adding lateral layers of cells as in conifers and woody dicots.
Cambium of some plants remains active for the entire period of their life, i.e., cambial cells divide and resulting cells mature to form xylem and phloem elements.
This type of seasonal activity usually found in the plants present in the tropical regions, and not all plants show cambial activity.
Percentage of ringless trees in the rain forests of;India : 75%Amazon : 43%Malaysia : 15%
In regions with definite seasonal climate; seasonal activity of cambium ceased with onset of unfavorable conditions; In Autumn, it enters the dormant state and lasts for the end of summer; In Spring, cambium again becomes active.
Duration of cambial activity is also affected by day-length, e.g., In Robinia pseudoacacia, cambium is dormant under short-day condition.
The cambium cells formed in circular in cross section from the beginning onwards.
The cambial ring is partially primary (fascicular cambium) and partially secondary (interfascicular cambium).
Periderm originates from the cortical cells (extra stelar in origin).
In Dicot stem, for mechanical support xylem is with comparatively smaller vessels, greater fibers and less parenchyma.
More amount of cork is produces for protection.
Lenticels on periderm are very prominent.
The cambial ring formed is wavy in the beginning and later becomes circular.
The cambium ring is completely secondary in origin.
Periderm originates from the pericycle (intra stelar in origin).
In Dicot root, xylem is with big thin walled vessels with few fibers and more parenchyma.
Less amount of cork is produced as root is underground.
Lenticels on periderm are not very prominent.
The document summarizes the development of different embryo types in plants, including dicot and monocot embryos. It describes the key stages of proembryo formation from the zygote through cell divisions that establish the suspensor and hypophysis and organize tissue layers. Specific embryo types discussed include Onagrad, Solanad, Caryophyllad, Chenopodiad, and Piperad. The development of the filament tube structure is also outlined.
Wall layers of anther have different functions most importantly they help in providing nutrition to developing pollens and also help in anther dehiscence.
- Gnetum is a genus of gymnosperms that are tropical evergreen trees, shrubs, and lianas. Unlike other gymnosperms, they possess vessel elements in their xylem.
- There are approximately 35 species of Gnetum distributed mainly in tropical and humid regions of Africa, Asia, and South America. Five species are reported in India.
- Gnetum reproduces sexually as a dioecious plant. The male and female strobili (inflorescences) are compound structures composed of bracts and rings of male or female flowers. Pollen grains contain two nuclei that develop into the male gametophyte within the anther.
This document discusses apogamy and apospory in plants. It defines apogamy as asexual reproduction in ferns where a haploid gametophyte develops into a haploid sporophyte without gamete fusion. Apospory is defined as the development of a diploid gametophyte from the vegetative cells of a diploid sporophyte, without meiosis or spore formation. The key difference between the two is that apogamy produces a haploid embryo while apospory produces a diploid embryo. Causes of each include environmental stresses that prevent normal sexual reproduction. Similarities include that both are asexual reproductive processes that occur in bryophytes and involve alternation of generations
Embyrology in relation to Taxonomy. It is one of the concepts in Modern Taxonomy.in which embryological data is used to strengthen existing classification system.
Classification of gymnosperm by chamberlainsonam yadav
This document summarizes the classification of gymnosperms according to Chamberlain in 1935. It divides gymnosperms into two classes: Cycadophyta and Coniferophyta. Cycadophyta includes three orders - Cycadophytales, Bennettitales, and Cycadales. Coniferophyta includes four orders - Cordaitales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales, and Gnetales. Key characteristics of each order are provided such as reproductive structures, examples, and whether they are extinct or living.
This document discusses monocot and dicot embryogenesis. It describes the key structures and regions of the embryonic axis in monocots and dicots, including the epicotyl, hypocotyl, cotyledons, plumule, and radicle. It also summarizes the different types of dicot embryogenesis based on the contribution of the apical and basal cells, such as the onagrad, asterad, solanad, and chenopodiad types. The embryogenesis process in the monocot Najas is also outlined in detail.
This document describes two plants from the Ranunculaceae family: Ranunculus scleratus and Delphinium ajacis. It provides details on their floral structure including parts, symmetry, aestivation and formula. For Ranunculus, it describes sepals, petals, stamens, and a superior ovary with basal placentation. For Delphinium, it notes zygomorphic symmetry and a gamopetalous corolla with posterior petals fused into a spur. Several medicinal uses of plants from the family are also listed.
This document summarizes key details about the fern genus Pteris. It describes the systematic position of Pteris within the plant kingdom, common Indian species, and global occurrence/distribution. The morphology, anatomy, and reproductive structures of the sporophyte (fern plant) are then explained in detail, covering the rhizome, fronds, leaflets, and roots. Key anatomical features include dictyostele stele in the rhizome, vascular bundles with endodermis and pericycle, and hypostomatous leaflets. Reproduction occurs vegetatively from the rhizome as well as sexually from spores.
The ovule is a multicellular oval-shaped structure which originates from the placenta and lies inside the chamber of the ovary.
Gymnosperms – Naked
Angiosperms – Integumented
A fully mature ovule consists of the stalk or funicle and the body.
The body of the ovule shows two ends –
Basal end - Chalaza &
Upper end - Micropylar end
Hilum - The point of attachment of the funicle with the body
Body of the ovule
Integuments
Nucellus &
Embryo Sac
Integuments
Protecting layers
Unitegmic or bitegmic
Micropyle-small opening at the apex of the integument, Entrance for Pollen tube.
Nucellus
Parenchymatous, nourishing
Embryo sac/female gametophyte - oval, at the micropylar end; contains egg apparatus.
Egg Apparatus
Egg cell or ovum – Central, forms the female gamete
Synergids - nonfunctional, short-lived
Antipodal cells – 3, non functional, short-lived
Nucleus – 2, Polar nuclei, one fuses with male gamete and grows into the endosperm of the seed.
Types of Ovule
Orthotropous
Anatropous
Hemianotropous
Campylotropous
Amphitropous
Circinotropous
Dr. T. Annie Sheron
Annie Sheron
Kakatiya Government College
Wall ingrowths are specialized structures that increase the surface area of plant cell membranes. They are formed through localized deposition of cell wall material which causes invaginations of the plasma membrane. There are three main types of wall ingrowths - flange, reticulate, and papillate. Flange ingrowths resemble secondary cell walls while reticulate ingrowths branch and fuse to form fenestrations. Papillate ingrowths are initially disorganized cellulose deposits that become surrounded by callose and cell wall proteins. Transfer cells are specialized plant cells that facilitate nutrient transport through extensive wall ingrowths that amplify the plasma membrane surface area.
Discusses the psychoanalytical implications of Freud's ideas on Hoffmann's Sandman, along with its dominant themes and motifs. It also offers a criticism of Freudian ideas along with the popularity of Neo-Freudianism. Moreover, it also explains the importance of the symbolism of eyes.
Nausicaa of the valley of the wind.pptxFatima Zahra
Discusses in detail the eco-critical ideas present in Hayao Miyazaki's Nausicaa of the Valley of the Wind. The eco-critical ideas of Miyazaki presented in an eco-conscious way make this film an emblem for the application of eco-criticism.
First of two reproductive whorls of flower present next to corolla is called Androecium.
Innermost whorl of flower consisting of carpels is called Gynoecium.
A Flower is :
Highly modified form of shoot
Have reproductive characteristic
With floral leaves
Calyx, Corolla collectively called Perianth and Androecium ,Gynoecium
These are arranged at Thalamus
The presentation in detail discusses the hazards and beauty that snakes possess. Reptile
Long Cylindrical body
Body covered with scales
Can weigh up to 200 pounds
Poisonous
venom
Fangs
Contain remnants of legs, males use them during courtship and fighting
A principal appendage of the stem
On branches of a plant
Arise from nodes
Bear lateral buds in their axils
Chief photosynthetic organ
Developed in acropetal succession
Exogenous in origin
Arrangement of flowers on floral axis is called Inflorescence. The presentation includes all types and details about the arrangement of flowers on floral axis.
This summary provides the key details from the document in 3 sentences:
The document describes the death of an unnamed individual and discusses morality and the Catholic Church. It then shifts to a scene where Charlot/Jean-Louis Chavel interrupts an interaction between Carosse and Mademoiselle Mangeot. Charlot realizes how young Mangeot is and feels tenderness for her. When Carosse asks if Charlot saw the priest home safely, Charlot reveals his true identity is Jean-Louis Chavel.
Irony’s Edge, ‘It is a relational strategy in the sense that it operates not only between meanings (said, unsaid) but between people (ironists, interpreters, targets). Ironic meaning comes into being as the consequence of a relationship, a dynamic, performative bringing together of different meaning-makers, but also of different meanings’
The Irish Context in Translation Studies Fatima Zahra
Michael Cronin
"Translating Ireland explores centuries of translation activity during which the languages, cultures and literatures of Ireland have been affected by the work of Irish translators in Ireland and elsewhere...”
The two main areas are logical semantics, concerned with matters such as sense and reference and presupposition and implication, and lexical semantics, concerned with the analysis of word meanings and relations between them.
This document discusses writing skills for English for Specific Purposes (ESP). It begins by defining ESP as an approach to language learning based on the specific needs and purposes of the learners. It emphasizes the importance of conducting a needs analysis to determine learners' reasons for learning English and what they need to achieve. Some key principles discussed are conducting a language analysis of authentic materials from the ESP context and deciding on an approach to teaching writing suited to learners' purposes and required text genres. The document also discusses the instructor's role in helping students improve their writing skills and some common challenges students face. It provides recommendations for vocabulary building, note-taking, using texts as models, and genre analysis to help students' writing development.
This document discusses code switching in classroom settings. It defines the sociolinguistic approach to code switching, which focuses on factors like topic, participants, setting and tone of communication. It provides examples of code switching used in different contexts and with different people. The document also discusses that code switching is most common in informal situations between bilingual individuals. It notes that code switching can be an effective teaching technique for translation, using regional languages/accents, and ensuring better student-teacher relationships, while also motivating and engaging students. One study referenced found that code switching did not negatively impact vocabulary learning.
This presentation in detail shows the relationship between evolution, and Islam and evolution and Social Sciences. Moreover, it explains in detail the criticism of the Darwinian ideas present in social sciences.
This document defines and provides examples of demonstrative pronouns in Arabic. It explains that demonstrative pronouns are used to point to things that are either near or far. There are two main types: demonstrative pronouns indicating near things, which begin with the letter ه; and demonstrative pronouns indicating far things, which end with the letter ك. Examples are given of both near demonstrative pronouns like هذا and far demonstrative pronouns like ذلك. It is noted that with some plural nouns, whether masculine or feminine, the feminine singular demonstrative pronoun تلك is used.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
Nucleophilic Addition of carbonyl compounds.pptxSSR02
Nucleophilic addition is the most important reaction of carbonyls. Not just aldehydes and ketones, but also carboxylic acid derivatives in general.
Carbonyls undergo addition reactions with a large range of nucleophiles.
Comparing the relative basicity of the nucleophile and the product is extremely helpful in determining how reversible the addition reaction is. Reactions with Grignards and hydrides are irreversible. Reactions with weak bases like halides and carboxylates generally don’t happen.
Electronic effects (inductive effects, electron donation) have a large impact on reactivity.
Large groups adjacent to the carbonyl will slow the rate of reaction.
Neutral nucleophiles can also add to carbonyls, although their additions are generally slower and more reversible. Acid catalysis is sometimes employed to increase the rate of addition.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
3. Marginal:
Ovary is simple (monocarpellary)
Unilocular,
Placenta develop along the fused margins
of the carpels
E.g., in Pea, Gram seeds and Cassia fistula
(amaltas) (PGC)
4. Free Central:
Compound ovary
Unilocular
Central axis arises from
the base of ovary
E.g., Dianthus and
Primerose (DP)
5. Parietal:
Compound ovary
Unilocular
Fused margins swell up to
form placentae
E.g., Melon, Cucumber,
Brassica (MCB)
6. Basal:
Compound ovary
Unilocular
Single large ovule arises
that is attached to the
base of ovary.
E.g., sun bless mary.
Sunflower, Bassal, Marigold
7. Superficial:
Compound ovary
multilocular
Placenta develop all along the inner surface
of placenta wall
E.g., Nympheae
8. Axile:
Polycarpellary and syncarpous gynoecium
multilocular
Placenta develop along the axile columns
of the carpels
E.g., in tomato, lemon and china rose.
(TLC)