Enclosed File is an internship report which I did at Pakistan institute of Technical Assistance Centre. I have shared my experience there. I hope you will find it useful.

1. Submitted by:
Hassan Raza (2014-ME-316)
Submitted to:
Engr. Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY LAHORE,
CITY CAMPUS
INTERNSHIP REPORT
Hassan Raza
Hassanraza8281@yahoo.com

2. Acknowledgement
I am pleased to acknowledge TRAINING DEPARTMENT of PITAC who helped me to work
here as internee. I have learned a lot during my period of internship. I felt my theoretical knowledge
being converted to practical processes.
Here I would especially like to thanks All concerned employees of PITAC for sharing their time
in the sessions of discussions regarding daily tasks & supporting me.

3. TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Schedule of internship
 Departments under training
 Heat Treatment Section
 Inspection & Quality Control
 Design Section
 Design Capabilities at PITAC
 Skills learned
 References

4. INTERNSHIP PLAN PITAC
Internship Plan for 3 weeks
Start date End date
18th-july-2016 5th-Aug-2016
Internship Rotational Plan
o Heat Treatment Section 1week 18-22 July 2016
o Inspection & Quality Control 1week 25-29 July 2016
o Design Section 1week 01-05 August 2016

5. PITAC
Departments under Internship
As PITAC has number of departments so we were directed to training division. They made a
schedule of 3 weeks and according to instructions.
Three sections of PITAC were designed for our internship
• HEAT TREATMENT SECTION
• INSPECTION & QUALITY CONTROL
• DESIGN SECTION
These sections were first introduced to all of us. To tell us what they are doing and what will be
our role in that internship during this era of 3 weeks we were pleased to get responsibilities and to
hand on experience as it was the aim and purpose behind all this struggle. We were entitled
“Internee UET” for the next 3 weeks by PITAC.
In these sections we watch closely how the professionals are working to make that center unique
and adorable for outer world it was an example for us to how we should do in upcoming future
being a future professional.

6. HEAT TREATMENTSECTION
Our internship started as we enter into Heat treatment section,
Heat treatment section of PITAC is having gas, oil and
electric furnaces with all necessary equipment, we were first
introduced to the whole shop. After the first day the very next
day we were involved in discussions to clear the concepts of
Heat treatment what the process is and why heat treatment is
done. PITAC has heat treatment facilities with experienced
worker to make the work more accurate for industrial use. Gas
and Electric furnaces are available and they are also famous in
Case hardening and carburizing.
HEAT TREATMENT:
We heat treat metals in an attempt to optimize the mechanical and physical properties for a given
application. Most people think of heat treatment as a process for hardening metal. This is not
necessarily so, as many heat treatments are applied to soften metal in order to allow metal working
operations such as deep drawing, cold forging and machining.
Where increased strength and wear resistance is required, hardening and tempering treatments are
given. Extremely hard steels find applications in cutting tools where highly defined edges must be
maintained and heat treatment of these steels is a critical operation. Hard surfaces with ductile base
material may be developed by heat treatment
There are also the solution heat treatments and ageing processes designed to increase the strength
of some non-ferrous metals and precipitation hardening steels.

7. HEAT TREATMENTTECHNIQUES
The heat treatment techniques are
 The Softening Processes
Annealing
Normalizing
 The Hardening Processes
Hardening
Tempering
 Thermochemical Processes
Carburizing
Carbonitriding
Boronizing
Others are;
 Annealing
 Normalizing
 Stress relieving
 Aging
 Quenching
 Tempering
 Tempering colors
 Differential hardening
 Case hardening
 Flame hardening
 Induction hardening
In that shop we interacted with senior shop Forman and we watch the processing of heat treatment
as a job of millet equipment limited was in progress. We get familiar with type of material and its
hardening technique.

8. Inspection & Quality Control Section
As we entered into the 2nd week we were referred to the section named as inspection and quality
control. We were first introduced to the whole faculty of that lab and then to the equipment briefly.
This section is very important because all the work pieces after work finished are brought here to test
their precision and accuracy. They are first fully investigated to find out their flaws or irregularities
and then the most important work they are checked on the basis that they are either capable to be
transported for the shipment to their owner industries throughout the Pakistan and to other Asian and
western countries. There is the list of equipment present in the lab at present time.
For External, Internal diameters and Depths
 Vernier Calipers
A Vernier scale is a device that lets the user measure more precisely than could be done unaided
when reading a uniformly divided straight or circular measurement scale. It is a scale that indicates
where the measurement lies in between two of the marks on the main scale. Verniers are common on
sextants used in navigation, scientific instruments used to conduct experiments, machinists'
measuring tools (all sorts, but especially calipers and micrometers) used to work materials to fine
tolerances, and on theodolites used in surveying. The caliper has two external and two internal jaws,
which are used to measure respectively the external and the internal diameter of a cylinder. The tail
is used to measure the internal depth.

9.  Micro-Meter Screw Gauge
Micrometer screw gauge, is a device incorporating a calibrated screw widely used for precise
measurement of components in mechanical engineering and machining as well as most mechanical
trades, along with other metrological instruments such as dial, Vernier, and digital calipers.
Micrometers are also used in telescopes or microscopes to measure the apparent diameter of celestial
bodies or microscopic objects. The micrometer used with a telescope was invented about 1638 by
William Gascoigne, an English astronomer. Micrometers are usually, but not always, in the form of
calipers (opposing ends joined by a frame), which is why micrometer caliper is another common
name. The spindle is a very accurately machined screw and the object to be measured is placed
between the spindle and the anvil. The spindle is moved by turning the ratchet knob or thimble until
the object to be measured is lightly touched by both the spindle and the anvil.
For Finding out the Taper/ slope
 Micrometer screw gauge + spheres
 D-Protractor

10.  Bevel Protractor
A bevel protractor is a graduated circular protractor with one pivoted arm used for measuring or
marking off angles. Sometimes Vernier scales are attached to give more precise readings. It has wide
application in architectural and mechanical drawing, although its use is decreasing with the
availability of modern drawing software or CAD.
Universal bevel protractors are also used by toolmakers, as they measure angles by mechanical
contact they are classed as mechanical protractors. The bevel protractor is used to establish and test
angles to very close tolerances. It reads to 5 minutes or 1/12°and can measure any angle from 0° to
360°.
The bevel protractor consists of a beam, a graduated dial and a blade which is connected to a swivel
plate (with Vernier scale) by thumb nut and clamp. When the edges of the beam and blade are
parallel, a small mark on the swivel plate coincides with the zero line on the graduated dial. To
measure an angle between the beam and the blade of 90° or less, the reading may be obtained direct
from the graduation number on the dial indicated by the mark on the swivel plate. To measure an
angle of over 90°, subtract the number of degrees as indicated on the dial from 180°, as the dial is
graduated from opposite zero marks to 90° each way. Since the spaces, both on the main scale and
the Vernier scale, are numbered both to the right and to the left from zero, any angle can be
measured. The readings can be taken either to the right or to the left, according to the direction in
which the zero on the main scale is moved.

11.  Sine Bar Method
The apparatus shown below is sine bar method for measuring taper or slope of work piece. Its
method relay upon the method of trigonometry. Sine bar is basically designed to set up the
distinction for precision among other slip gauges and surface plate.
 Profile Projector
A profile projector displays an enlarged image of an object on a screen. The user can then easily
work with the enlarged image of the object. When measuring the dimensions of the object, the user
simply needs to place a scale on the on-screen image; when checking the shape of the object, the
user places a reference chart alongside the on-screen image for comparison. It is easy to view the
profile projector screen, even for people wearing glasses, and there are none of the difficulties

12. involved with looking into the eyepiece of a microscope. There is also the advantage that several
people can view the screen simultaneously.
For Random Purposes
 Roundness Testing Machine:

13.  Surf Test Machine:
Universal Measuring Machine:

14. DESIGN SECTION
As we enter into 3rd week we were sent to as the design is considered as an important step of any
production and it display the end result before wasting material and it’s the best tool to
communicate with your shop men, technician and others, so it compulsory to have basic
knowledge of design for everyone. In design section you deal with the language of lines how
they represent the end results of your dedicated work. We were first diverted to drafting then to
proper design process.
The design section is based on three steps
• Sketching
• Manual or by instruments
• Computer aided Design (CAD)
So we attended a Lecture on sketching on the very first day and started moving. The Trainer Mr.
Naveedintroduced us with common sketching techniques and methods from those some were so
valuable. Sketching is an entering step to design to draw the design on paper is an expert work so
we were drawn into that.
 DRAFTING
Technical drawing also known as drafting is the act and
discipline of composing drawings that visually
communicate how something functions or is to be
constructed. Technical drawing is essential for
communicating ideas in industry and engineering. To
make the drawings easier to understand, people use
familiar symbols, perspectives, units of measurement,
notation systems, visual styles, and page layout.
Together, such conventions constitute a visual language,
and help to ensure that the drawing is unambiguous and relatively easy to understand. These
drafting conventions are condensed into internationally accepted standards and specifications that

15. transcend the barrier of language making technical drawings a universal means of
communicating complex mechanical concepts.
A drafter, draftsperson, or draughtsman is a person who makes a drawing (technical or
expressive). A professional drafter who makes technical drawings is sometimes called a drafting
technician. Professional drafting is a desirable and necessary function in the design and
manufacture of complex mechanical components and machines. Professional draftspersons
bridge the gap between engineers and manufacturers, and contribute experience and technical
expertise to the design process.
 SKETCHING
A sketch is a quickly executed, freehand drawing that is not intended
as a finished work. In general, sketching is a quick way to record an
idea for later use. Architect's sketches primarily serve as a way to try
out different ideas and establish a composition before undertaking a
more finished work, especially when the finished work is expensive
and time consuming. We were given a number of tasks to execute
them into drawing and we did it for three days and it was a
brainstorming and learning session.
 MANUAL OR BY INSTRUMENT
The basic drafting procedure is to place a
piece of paper (or other material) on a
smooth surface with right-angle corners
and straight sides—typically a drawing
board. A sliding straightedge known as a
T-square is then placed on one of the sides,
allowing it to be slid across the side of the
table, and over the surface of the paper.

16. "Parallel lines" can be drawn simply by moving the T-square and running a pencil or pen along
the T-square's edge.
The T-square is used to hold other devices such as set squares or triangles. In this case the drafter
places one or more triangles of known angles on the T-square—which is itself at right angles to
the edge of the table—and can then draw lines at any chosen angle to others on the page. Modern
drafting tables come equipped with a drafting machine that is supported on both sides of the table
to slide over a large piece of paper. Because it is secured on both sides, lines drawn along the
edge are guaranteed to be parallel. In addition, the drafter uses several technical drawing tools to
draw curves and circles. Primary among these are the compasses, used for drawing simple arcs
and circles, and the curve, for drawing curves. A spline is a rubber coated articulated metal that
can be manually bent to most curves
That duration of a week passed in no time but we learnt a lot about mechanical designing as we
were given some tasks to full which really helped us to understand. As an additional jigs and
fixtures design was elaborated.

17. DESIGN CAPABILITES AT PITAC
PITAC offers a comprehensive array of technical assistance and support services to the
Public and Private engineering sectorsin Pakistan. SME’s and industry are being benefitted
by PITAC through its Technological Back Up Support & Advisory Services in the fields
like Design and Development of Jigs and Fixtures, Manufacturing of Gauges, Heat
Treatment Facilities, 3D CAD/CAM, Mold Designing, Mold Processing, Assembly &
Polishing, NC Machining Centre, EDM/Wire Cut & Injection Molding.
Some areas where we offer technical assistance are as follows:
 Plastic Injection Mould making & repairing
 Heat Induction Metal Hardening
 CNC Turning Centres
 Advanced Jig Grinding & Boring
 CMM measuring- Mitutoyo
 Calibration
 EDM & Wire Cut

18. Skills and Techniques learnt during internship
It was valuable time here in PITAC and we learn unlimited here are a few point I have summarized
 We learnt about the leadership & Team work to do an effective work.
 We learnt about tactics to maintain discipline & How to deal with workers.
 We learnt How to control quality problems, defects in material, Laboratory Testing of
Hardness of a material and How to meet the demands of customers.
 We also learnt about Designing.
 Further, important software like AutoCAD, Pro-Engineers, Solid Works.
 We have learnt how to make a powerful team to achieve target and to solve their problem
 We have learnt about all machining process and heat treatment process and gauge making
process in PITAC
 Learnt how to face Problems in industrial sector.
 We observe the heat treatment section more closely and that help us understand heat
treatment process
 We learn how jig and fixture can be made more accurately precise and cheaper.
 Designing a drilling jig along with all necessities was our assignment and we did it
PITAC is among one of the best training institute of Pakistan & I gained much knowledge from
here which would definitely flourish my mind regarding experience & personality development.

19. • http://www.googlesearchengine.com/
• http://www.pitac.gov.pk/
• http://www.pakistan.gov.pk/
References