The document discusses turning and drilling operations using a lathe machine. It describes the objective of learning lathe operations and safety procedures. Steps are provided to make a stepper and hinge parts using processes like turning, facing, drilling and boring. Precautions are outlined for boring to obtain a good pattern. Measurement consistency and preventing errors during workshops are also discussed. The document contains diagrams of lathe parts and sample workpieces to explain lathe operations.

1. DUHOK POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF TECHNICAL ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT PETROCHEMICAL
WORKSHOP AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
 Lathe Machine
AMAR ASKANDAR
Group. B
Report No. 1
Date of the lecture 26/06/2020
Delivery date. 04/07/2020
2091
2002
BY:

2. Introduction:
Introduction Turning is one of the machining process which involves
cutting and trimming a work piece to their desirable final dimension. A
cutting tool typically a non-rotating tool bit, defines a helix tool path by
travelling almost a linear line of motion while the work piece is rotating
around it’s axes. The motion of the work piece may be defined as a straight
line or in some set of curvature of angle specified according to the needs of
the final product. Although however, it is essentially linear in all the turning
process. The objective of this experiment is to understand and practice the
turning process in product fabrication. This experiment also aims to
determine the advantages and difficulties of turning process.

3. Objective :-
 To learn students how to make stepper and lathe operation
 To increase understanding by using the practical method.
 Now how to operate and create the object manually using the lathe machine
Safety And Health
1. Wear PPE example: safety shoes and jacket .2.
2. Do not make a joke with friend when project was start .3.
3. Do not start any work without permission.4.
4. Always think about safety when project was start.5.
5. Clean the machine when finish our project.6.
6. Always check power supply when not use the machine.7.
7. Do not change gears while the lathe is running.8.
8. Never walk away from a lathe when it is operating.9.
9. When the work is complete, shut of power and clean the machine.
Theory:
During work on this project , before starting the work we need carry out with
safety about all surrounding machine in workshop. Beside there, always
beware many kind of machine and tool . for example, when using grinding
machine to grind the material tool bit.
Furthermore, lathe also is a machine tool which spins a block of material to
perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, boring, drilling, or
deformation with tools that are applied to the work piece to create an object
which has symmetry about an axis of rotation

4. Machine used :
1. Hacksaw machine
2. Lathe machine
Tools used:
 Steel ruler ● Chunk Key

5.  Glasses ● Venire caliper
 Work piece ● Raw of aluminum
● Drills ●Rotating Lathe Center

6. Lathe Operations
Some Example Of Work piece In
Lathe Machine

7. Part 1/ STEPPER
Procedure:
1. We cut the iron with the length given using the bench saw machine.
‘Measurement of the work piece to cut. Length 4 mm.
2. We set up the work piece at the lathe machine. Then we made sure that the
work piece was placed at the center of the chuck.
3. We measured the length and the diameter of the work piece before we
make any cutting processes was made.
4. After that we turned on the lathe machine.
5. we set up the cutting tool for facing process where the tool bit height was
at the center of the work piece to get a smooth cutting surface without
leaving any outer surface
6. we measured the depth of material to remove. Then, on the machine and
control the speed of the cutting tool feed
7. We have modified the face of the iron.
8. We divided the iron into two parts. The first part with a length of 45 mm
and a diameter of 28 mm, and the second part with length 45mm and
diameter 22 mm .

8. Discussion:-
1.Why it very important to practice safety
procedure during workshop practice?
Discuss
Because of important to practice safety procedure:
 To prevent accident during a work.
 Always take reasonable care before starting the work.
 Make us more secure when doing a work in workshop.
2.Measurement of the work piece uneven / consistent
The uneven measurement of the work piece can create confusion. The
problems occur when.
 the work piece slightly move during the rotation. To overcome this,
half of the work piece was clamped.
 The venire caliper one
where the measurement can be locked.
 Digital reader of the lathe machine doesn’t precise. do the measuring
manually using the good venire caliper.

9. Part 2 / HINGE
PROSEDURE;
Drilling creates a round hole in a work piece. A drill press or tapping
machine is designed for drilling, but this process can also be performed using
a milling machine. Chips are the bits of waste metal produced when
machining a work piece. The shape of the drill bit helps chips fall away from
the work piece, keeping the work piece free of debris.
Placing the drill bit perpendicular to the work piece reduces drifting or
leading-off. For even more precision, a center drill operation is often added
before drilling. Some drilling operations need angular drilling. Angular
drilling requires special work-holding tooling. Other options include: rotation
of the head on a manual machine or use of multiple axis’ on a CNC machine.
Ways to prevent drifting include:
 Casting/molding/forging a mark
 Center punching
 Spot drilling/center drilling
 Spot facing

10. Like with turning operations, different drill bits exist for specific drilling
operations. Below are a few special drill bits along with their specific uses.
Spotting Drills – short drills used to create shallow or pilot holes. If using a
longer drill for these shallow holes it could have a tendency to drift.
Peck Drilling – frequent retracting of the drill helps to clear chips from the
work piece and prevent drifting.
Screw Machine Drills – these drills are short and can create straight and
accurate holes without the need for prior spotting.
Chucking Reamers – used to enlarge previously drilled holes to very precise
diameters.
Establishing a centering mark or feature before drilling, such as by:
 Casting, molding, or forging a mark into the work piece
 Center punching
 Spot drilling (i.e., center drilling)
 Spot facing, which is machining a certain area on a casting or forging to
establish an accurately located face on an otherwise rough surface.
 Constraining the position of the drill bit using a drill jig with drill
bushings

11. Discussion :
1. Boring is the most difficult task in this project. List main precaution
should be taken so that the good boring pattern is obtain. Answer- list
of precaution:1.
 Do not touch the drill when drilling was start.
 Put some oil on the work piece and drilling tool.
 Do not force the drill.
 Avoid from waste work piece.
2. Study case of sample given , describe the error defects and
how to overcome them.
 Base on this project , many error made on work piece because
negligence and lack of experience . from this case , need to
take a knowledge before starting a work

12. Reference :-
1- https://www.turbosquid.com/3d-models/max-lathe-machine/540630
2- https://www.scribd.com/document/330907203/Turning-Lab-Report
3- https://moodle.dpu.edu.krd/course/view.php?id=1488