The document discusses various sources of energy, primarily focusing on biogas, wind energy, and nuclear energy. Biogas, produced from the decomposition of organic waste, is a renewable fuel with high methane content, while wind energy is harnessed through windmills to generate electricity, with India being one of the leaders in wind energy production. Nuclear energy, though powerful, poses significant environmental and safety risks due to waste disposal challenges and high installation costs.

1. Ch – Sources of energy

2. BIOGAS
 It is a mixture of gasses such as methane (75%), CO2,
Hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide etc. which is
obtained by the decomposition of animal and pplant
wastes and with the help of micro-organisms in the
presence of water.
 The sources of fuel that are animal and plant products
are said to be bio-mass. e.g. Cow-dung cakes are used
as fuel which can serve as a steady source of fuel in a
country like India
2

3. How is bio gas produced?
 The bio plant gas has a dome like structure built with bricks.
 A slurry off cow-dung and water is made in the mixing tank
from where it is fed into the digester
 The digester is a sealed chamber in which there is no oxygen
 Anaerobic micro organisms break down complex compounds
of the cow dung slurry
 Within few days the decomposition process generates
gases like methane,CO2,H2,H2S
 The bio gas is stored in the gas tank above the digester
from which they are drawn through pipes for use
3

4. 4

5.  It is an excellent fuel as it contains up to 75%
methane.
 It burns without smoke,
leaves no residue like
ash in wood ,charcoal
& coal burning.
 Its heating capacity is
high. It is also used for lighting.
 The slurry left behind is removed & used as an
excellent manure.

6.  Wind energy was harnessed by windmills in past to do
mechanical work. A windmill consists of a structure
similar to large electric fan that is erect at some height
on a rigid support.
 To generate electricity, the rotatory motion of the
windmill is used to turn the turbine of the electric
generator. A no of wind mills are erected over a large
area as the output of a single windmill is quite small.
The set up is known as wind energy farm.
6

7. 7

8.  It is an environment-friendly and efficient source of
renewable energy. The unequal heating of the
landmass and water bodies by solar radiation
generates air movement and causes wind to blow. This
kinetic energy of the wind can be used to do work.
 Today wind energy is also used to generate electricity.
 Denmark is known as the city of ‘winds’. In terms of
total output, Germany the leader. While India is
ranked fifth in harnessing wind energy for the
production of electricity. It is estimated that
approximately 45,000 MW can be generated in India.
The largest windmill farm has been established in
Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu which generates about
380 MW of electricity.
8

9. Nuclear energy was first used for
destructive purposes before nuclear
power stations were designed.
The fundamental physics of fission
chain reaction in a nuclear weapon
is similar to the physics of a
controlled nuclear reactor
9

10. Nuclear Energy
It’s the Energy released
during Nuclear fission or
fusion, especially when
used to generate electricity.
In nuclear fusion, energy is released
when atoms are combined or fused
together to form a larger atom.
The Sun produces energy like this.
While in nuclear fission, atoms are
split into smaller atoms releasing
energy.

11.  The major hazard of nuclear power generation is the storage and disposal
of used fuels.
 Improper nuclear-waste storage and disposal result in environmental
contamination.
 Further there is a risk of accidental leakage of nuclear radiation.
 The high cost of installation of a nuclear power plant , high risk of
environmental contamination and limited availability of uranium makes
large-scale use of nuclear energy prohibitive.
 Nuclear power plants generate external dependence.Not many countries
have uranium mines and not all the countries have nuclear technology,so
they have to hire both things overseas.
11

12. Slides By : -
 Manav Malhotra
 Shivam Sharma
 Sanika Shinde
 Ishita Panwar
 Khushi Desai
 Kanav Gandhi 12