difference between parliamentary govt and presidential govtAmulya Nigam
meaning and features of parliamentary form of govt and presidential form of govt
comparison between parliamentary form of govt and presidential form of govt and presidential form of govt
The Law making process of Bangladesh. Especially, Step by step process of rules and regulation making of Bangladesh is described in this slide. This slide is prepared as an assignment for an academic course.
difference between parliamentary govt and presidential govtAmulya Nigam
meaning and features of parliamentary form of govt and presidential form of govt
comparison between parliamentary form of govt and presidential form of govt and presidential form of govt
The Law making process of Bangladesh. Especially, Step by step process of rules and regulation making of Bangladesh is described in this slide. This slide is prepared as an assignment for an academic course.
Academic presentation on "Human Rights Laws & Position Of Bangladesh" under the course "Human Rights, Law & Development" (Soc 5109). This course is under MSS program at Sociology Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh.
features of parliamentary form of government are described in this ppt in the simplest manner I can and this is for educational purposes .while making ppt I took help from various books and websites but the most profound material source is Indian polity by M laxmikanth .
This is the vital assignment for IPE239 Comparative Political Systems, IPED Prpgram, Rangsit University. The course part aims at providing an introduction to the field of comparative politics. Various theoretical perspectives and basic concepts within the field are taken up. The political systems of a number of countries - in relation to formal political institutions and informal aspects of the political order - are presented, discussed and compared. Issues of identity as well as the position of nation states in a global context are also dealt with. The course part includes an introduction to comparative method and sources of knowledge about political systems.
Academic presentation on "Human Rights Laws & Position Of Bangladesh" under the course "Human Rights, Law & Development" (Soc 5109). This course is under MSS program at Sociology Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh.
features of parliamentary form of government are described in this ppt in the simplest manner I can and this is for educational purposes .while making ppt I took help from various books and websites but the most profound material source is Indian polity by M laxmikanth .
This is the vital assignment for IPE239 Comparative Political Systems, IPED Prpgram, Rangsit University. The course part aims at providing an introduction to the field of comparative politics. Various theoretical perspectives and basic concepts within the field are taken up. The political systems of a number of countries - in relation to formal political institutions and informal aspects of the political order - are presented, discussed and compared. Issues of identity as well as the position of nation states in a global context are also dealt with. The course part includes an introduction to comparative method and sources of knowledge about political systems.
Evolution of Democracy by Samruddhi Chepe.pptxSamruddhi Chepe
Phase OneAssembly Democracy
Starting around 2,500 BCE, in lands now within the territories of Iran, Iraq and Syria
“During the first phase of democracy the seeds of its basic institution – self-government through an assembly of equals – were scattered across many different soils and climes, ranging from the Indian subcontinent and the prosperous Phoenician empire to the western shores of provincial Europe.
These popular assemblies took root, accompanied by various ancillary institutional rules and customs, like written constitutions, the payment of jurors and elected officials, the freedom to speak in public, voting machines, voting by lot and trial before elected or selected juries. There were efforts as well to stop bossy leaders in their tracks, using such methods as the mandatory election of kings…” (The Life and Death of Democracy, p.xvi)
Best-known example – Athens, 5th century BCE
Athenian Democracy
Direct democracy: citizens (about 10% of the population) participated directly in initiating, deliberating, and passing of, the legislation. The Assembly, no less than 6,000 strong (out of 22,000 citizens of Athens), convened about every 10 days. Supreme power to decide on every issue of state policy
Citizen juries: justice is responsibility of citizens (juries composed of 501-1001 citizens)
Appointment of citizens to political office by lot
Citizen-soldiers: every citizen had a duty to serve in the army
Ostracism: a bad politician could be kicked out of office by the people
Phase TwoRepresentative Democracy
Started around 10th-12th centuries in Western Europe with the invention of parliamentary assemblies
Reaches its classic forms in the 18th century. Officially regarded as normative today.
Marquis d’Argenson, Foreign Minister of French King Louis XV, 1765.
Phase Two
The Glorious revolution laid the foundation of the first democratic principles of the Rule of Law.
Earlier it was believed that the king was the ‘representative of the God’ and that the King’s wishes were the law.
The people strongly protested the idea and dethroned King James II of England.
They passed the Bill Of Rights which firmly stated that the country should be governed by the laws passed by the people and not by the whims of the king.
The French Revolution took place between 1789 and 1851.
In the revolution King Louis XVI was executed .
It was decided that the country should be ruled by the laws passed by the people.
It laid down the ‘Declaration of the Rights of Man’ which highlighted that liberty, Equality etc. were important in a Democracy.
In 1792, France became a Republic.
Phase Three Monitory Democracy
(term coined by John Keane)- After World War II
Increase citizen ability to control the state which is organized on the basis of representative democracy
Public integrity commissionsJudicial activismLocal courtsWorkplace tribunalsCitizens assembliesThink tanksThe InternetEtc.
How much power do they have? And whose interests do they serve?
Key
Democracy Essay examples
Essay about Constitutional Democracy
Essay about Digital Democracy
Forms Of Democracy
Essay on Democracy in America
Athenian Democracy Essay examples
Essay about Liberal Democracy
Democracy: An Analysis Essay
Democracy And Democracy
Essay about Democracy
A Democratic Society Essay
Democratic Governance Essay
Sources of energy - Physics Class 10 Ch-13Khush Ramani
Renewable resources of Energy
Class 10 sources of energy full chapter
Easy to understand content
can shown in class as presentation
Ch- 13 sources of energy Class10 CBSE NCERT Physics Textbook
This session provides a comprehensive overview of the latest updates to the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (commonly known as the Uniform Guidance) outlined in the 2 CFR 200.
With a focus on the 2024 revisions issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), participants will gain insight into the key changes affecting federal grant recipients. The session will delve into critical regulatory updates, providing attendees with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate and comply with the evolving landscape of federal grant management.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the rationale behind the 2024 updates to the Uniform Guidance outlined in 2 CFR 200, and their implications for federal grant recipients.
- Identify the key changes and revisions introduced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the 2024 edition of 2 CFR 200.
- Gain proficiency in applying the updated regulations to ensure compliance with federal grant requirements and avoid potential audit findings.
- Develop strategies for effectively implementing the new guidelines within the grant management processes of their respective organizations, fostering efficiency and accountability in federal grant administration.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warAntti Rautiainen
Anarchist group ANA Regensburg hosted my online-presentation on 16th of May 2024, in which I discussed tactics of anti-war activism in Russia, and reasons why the anti-war movement has not been able to make an impact to change the course of events yet. Cases of anarchists repressed for anti-war activities are presented, as well as strategies of support for political prisoners, and modest successes in supporting their struggles.
Thumbnail picture is by MediaZona, you may read their report on anti-war arson attacks in Russia here: https://en.zona.media/article/2022/10/13/burn-map
Links:
Autonomous Action
http://Avtonom.org
Anarchist Black Cross Moscow
http://Avtonom.org/abc
Solidarity Zone
https://t.me/solidarity_zone
Memorial
https://memopzk.org/, https://t.me/pzk_memorial
OVD-Info
https://en.ovdinfo.org/antiwar-ovd-info-guide
RosUznik
https://rosuznik.org/
Uznik Online
http://uznikonline.tilda.ws/
Russian Reader
https://therussianreader.com/
ABC Irkutsk
https://abc38.noblogs.org/
Send mail to prisoners from abroad:
http://Prisonmail.online
YouTube: https://youtu.be/c5nSOdU48O8
Spotify: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/libertarianlifecoach/episodes/Russian-anarchist-and-anti-war-movement-in-the-third-year-of-full-scale-war-e2k8ai4
What is the point of small housing associations.pptxPaul Smith
Given the small scale of housing associations and their relative high cost per home what is the point of them and how do we justify their continued existance
ZGB - The Role of Generative AI in Government transformation.pdfSaeed Al Dhaheri
This keynote was presented during the the 7th edition of the UAE Hackathon 2024. It highlights the role of AI and Generative AI in addressing government transformation to achieve zero government bureaucracy
A process server is a authorized person for delivering legal documents, such as summons, complaints, subpoenas, and other court papers, to peoples involved in legal proceedings.
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
2. WHAT IS IT????
Direct democracy (also known as pure democracy) is a form of
democracy in which people decide policy initiatives directly. This differs
from the majority of modern Western-style democracies, which are
representative democracies.
Direct democracy is similar to, but distinct from, representative
democracy, in which people vote for representatives who then enact policy
initiatives.[2]
3. HOW IS IT DIFFERENT???
Direct democracy is similar to, but distinct from, representative democracy, in
which people vote for representatives who then enact policy initiatives.[2]
Most countries that are representative democracies allow for only three forms
of political action that provide limited direct democracy: referendum (plebiscite),
initiative, and recall. The first two forms—referendums and initiatives—are
examples of direct legislation.[3]
4. WHAT ARE THE MAIN
FEATURES???
Power of Initiative allows members of the general public to propose specific statutory
measures or constitutional reforms to the government and, as with referendums, the vote may
be binding or simply advisory. Initiatives may be direct or indirect: With the direct initiative, a
successful proposition is placed directly on the ballot to be subject to vote (as exemplified by
California's system).[3] With an indirect initiative, a successful proposition is first presented to
the legislature for their consideration; however, if no acceptable action is taken after a
designated period of time, the proposition moves to direct popular vote. Such a form of
indirect initiative is utilized by Switzerland for constitutional amendments.[3]
Power of Recall gives the public the power to remove elected officials from office before
the end of their term, although this is very rare in modern democracies.[8]
5. WHERE WAS IT
PRACTISED???
The earliest known direct democracy is said to be the Athenian democracy in the 5th century BC, although it was not
an inclusive democracy: women, foreigners, and slaves were excluded from it. The main bodies in the Athenian
democracy were the assembly, composed of male citizens; the boulê, composed of 500 citizens; and the law courts,
composed of a massive number of jurors chosen by lot, with no judges. There were only about 30,000 male citizens, but
several thousand of them were politically active in each year, and many of them quite regularly for years on end. The
Athenian democracy was direct not only in the sense that decisions were made by the assembled people, but also in the
sense that the people through the assembly, boulê, and law courts controlled the entire political process and a large
proportion of citizens were involved constantly in the public business.[10] Modern democracies, being representative, not
direct, do not resemble the Athenian system.
Also relevant to the history of direct democracy is the history of Ancient Rome, specifically the Roman Republic,
beginning around 509 BC.[11] Rome displayed many aspects of democracy, both direct and indirect, from the era of
Roman monarchy all the way to the collapse of the Roman Empire.
6. HOW SUCCESSFUL WAS
IT???
Indeed, the Senate, formed in the first days of the city, lasted through the
Kingdom, Republic, and Empire, and even continued after the decline of Western
Rome; and its structure and regulations continue to influence legislative bodies
worldwide. As to direct democracy, the ancient Roman Republic had a system of
citizen lawmaking, or citizen formulation and passage of law, and a citizen veto of
legislature-made law. Many historians mark the end of the Republic with the
passage of a law named the Lex Titia, 27 November 43 BC
7. WHAT ABOUT ATHENS???
The greatest and longest-lasting democratic leader was Pericles; after his death,
Athenian democracy was twice briefly interrupted by oligarchic revolution towards
the end of the Peloponnesian War. It was modified somewhat after it was restored
under Eucleides; the most detailed accounts are of this 4th-century modification
rather than of the Periclean system. It was suppressed by the Macedonians in 322
BC. The Athenian institutions were later revived, but the extent to which they
were a real democracy is debatable.
8. SOME EXAMPLE IN
MODERN WORLD
One nation to use this system is Switzerland it uses this along with representative
democracy. In the below way
Compulsory referendum subjects the legislation drafted by political elites to a binding
popular vote. This is the most common form of direct legislation. Popular referendum
(also known as abrogative or facultative) empowers citizens to make a petition that calls
existing legislation to a citizens' vote. Institutions specify the time frame for a valid petition
and the number of signatures required, and may require signatures from diverse
communities to protect minority interests.[3] This form of direct democracy effectively
grants the voting public a veto on laws adopted by the elected legislature
10. WHY DID I CHOSE IT???
Well…….. Its pretty simple in a country (like ours) where the representatives are just left
for taking bribes it is better that the people make their own decisions write the country’s
future by themselves.
I was inspired by this type of democracy where the population makes the decisions' it is
the best form of democracy.
The true sense of democracy is that people have the rights.