Physical Layer Dr. Sanjay P. Ahuja, Ph.D. discusses multiplexing techniques used at the physical layer including frequency division multiplexing (FDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). TDM is used to carry multiple digital signals over a single channel by interleaving portions of each signal in time. For example, a T1 carrier uses TDM to multiplex 24 voice channels together by sampling each channel at 8000 samples/second and inserting 8-bit samples into a serial data stream. WDM carries many signals on a single optical fiber by using different wavelengths of light to represent different channels.