I do not actually have experiences as a student or observations of changes in student needs over time. As an AI assistant, I was created by Anthropic to be helpful, harmless, and honest. I don't have personal experiences to draw from.
Chapter 2: Philosophical Foundation of CurriculumShauna Martin
This presentation highlights information from Chapter 2: Philosophical Foundation of Curriculum from Curriculum: Foundations, Principles, and Issues by Allan C. Ornstein and Francis P. Hunkins. Highlighted here are the different educational philosophies and their unique impacts on education.
Chapter 2: Philosophical Foundation of CurriculumShauna Martin
This presentation highlights information from Chapter 2: Philosophical Foundation of Curriculum from Curriculum: Foundations, Principles, and Issues by Allan C. Ornstein and Francis P. Hunkins. Highlighted here are the different educational philosophies and their unique impacts on education.
Teachers are the shadows of parents showing love and seldom admonishing, reaching out to be creators narrating noble deeds, like a goldsmith hammering to enrich skills and moulding tiny tots to perfection. Teaching profession is a noble one every teacher must play an important role in making a child to realize their dreams. A good teacher is the one who give their students roots and wings, Roots to know were home is, wings to fly away and exercise what is being taught to them
The Diversity Wheel is useful starting point to explore equality and diversity issues and how these factors interrelate to impact on people’s lives.
This slide show helps to examine what is core to someones identity, what aspects individuals can change only with difficulty and effort and what are more transient/more easily changed elements of our identity.
Teachers are the shadows of parents showing love and seldom admonishing, reaching out to be creators narrating noble deeds, like a goldsmith hammering to enrich skills and moulding tiny tots to perfection. Teaching profession is a noble one every teacher must play an important role in making a child to realize their dreams. A good teacher is the one who give their students roots and wings, Roots to know were home is, wings to fly away and exercise what is being taught to them
The Diversity Wheel is useful starting point to explore equality and diversity issues and how these factors interrelate to impact on people’s lives.
This slide show helps to examine what is core to someones identity, what aspects individuals can change only with difficulty and effort and what are more transient/more easily changed elements of our identity.
The philosophical basis of education emphasizes that philosophy is the end and education is the means to achieve that end. In other words, philosophy determines the goal of life and education tries to achieve the goal through its aims and curriculum.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
4. Robert M. Hutchins
- Basic Education should emphasize the 3Rs and college
education should be grounded on liberal education.
Arthur Bestor
- Curriculum should focus on the fundamental intellectual discipline
of grammar, literature and writing.
Joseph Schwab
- Curriculum should consist only of knowledge which comes from
discipline which is the sole source.
5. 2
.
Progressive Pointsof View
Curriculum is defined as
the total learning experiences of the individual.
This definition is attached on John Dewey’s definition
of experience and education. He believed that reflective
thinking is a means that unifies curricular. Thought is
not derived from action but tested by application.
6. Caswell and Campbell
- Curriculum includes “all experiences children have
under the guidance of teachers”.
Marsh and Willis
- Curriculum includes all the “experiences in the
classroom which are planned and entered by
the teacher, and also learned by the students.”
Smith, Stanley and Shores
- Curriculum is the “ sequence of potential experiences set
up in schools for the purpose of disciplining children and
youth in group ways of thinking and acting.”
10. Philosophy provides educators, teachers and
curriculum makers with framework for planning,
implementing and evaluating curriculum in schools.
The philosophy of a curriculum planner,
implementer or evaluator reflects his or her life
experiences, common beliefs, social and economic
background and education.
It helps in answering what school are for, what subjects are
important, how students should learn and what materials and
methods should be used. In decision making, philosophy
provides the starting point and will be used for the succeeding
decision making.
13. Four Educational Philosophies
Aim of
Education
• To educate the balanced person;
• To promote the understanding
Role of
Education
• Teachers help students think with reason
Focus in
the
Curriculum
• Classical subjects, literary analysis
and curriculum is constant
Curriculum
Trends
• Use of great books and return to liberal arts
14. Four Educational Philosophies
Aim of
Education
• To promote the intellectual growth of the individual and
educate a competent person
Role of
Education
• The teacher is the sole authority in his or her subject
area or field of specialization.
Focus in
the
Curriculum
• Essential skills of the 3 R’s and essential subjects of
English, Science, History, Math and Foreign Language.
Curriculum
Trends
• Excellence in education, back to basics and
cultural literacy
15. Four Educational Philosophies
Aim of
Education
• To promote democratic and social living
Role of
Education
• Knowledge leads to growth and development of
lifelong learners who actively learn by doing
Focus in
the
Curriculu
m
• Subjects are interdisciplinary, integrative and interactive.
Curriculum is focused on students’ interests, human
problems and affairs
Curriculu
m Trends
• School reforms, relevant and contextualizes curriculum,
humanistic education
16. Four Educational Philosophies
Aim of
Education
• To improve and reconstruct the society
• Education for change
Role of
Education
• Teachers act as agents of change and reform
in various educational projects including
research
Focus in
the
Curriculum
• Focus on present and future trends and
issues of national and international interests.
Curriculum
Trends
• Equality of educational opportunities in
education; access to global education
17. What kind of philosophical approach should
curriculum specialists adopt while planning
curriculum?
Philosophy provides the basis of curriculum
planning.
Curriculum specialists should adopt an
eclectic approach and base the curriculum on
a philosophy, which is feasible and serves the
interest of students and society.
20. Learning should be organized in order that
students can experience success in the process
of mastering the subject matter.
The method is introduced in a step by step
manner with proper sequencing of task which is
viewed by other educational psychologist as
simplistic and mechanical.
21. - To the cognitive theorists, learning constitutes a logical
method for organizing and interpreting learning.
- Learning is rooted in the tradition of subject matter and
is similar to the cognitive development theory.
- Teachers use a lot of problem and thinking skills in
teaching and learning. These are exemplified by
practices like reflective thinking, creative thinking,
intuitive thinking, discovery learning and many more.
22. Humanist psychologist are concerned with
how learners can develop their human
potential; the process not the products;
personal needs not the subject matter;
psychological meaning and environmental
situations.
23. With which philosophy does humanist
psychology overlap?
It is based on EXISTENTIALIST
24. The psychological foundations will
help curriculum makers in
nurturing a
mor
e
a _ _ _ _ _ _
d
,
mor
e
c _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ e
an
d
c _ _ _ _ _ _
e
human
learning.
advanced
comprehensive
complete
26. •Franklin Bobbit (1876-1956) -
that emphasizes
curriculum as a
on
presented
science
students' need. Curriculum
prepares for adult life.
•Werret Charters (1875-
1952) - considered curriculum
also as a science which is
based on students' need and
the teachers plan the
activities.
27. •Harold Rugg (1886-1960) -
Curriculum should develop the
whole child. He emphasized
social studies in the curriculum
and the teacher plans the lesson
in advance.
•William Kilpatrick (1871-1965)
– viewed curriculum as
purposeful activities which are
child-centered. The purpose of
curriculum is child development
and growth.
28. •Hollis Caswell (1901-1989)
- sees curriculum as
organized around social functions
of themes, organized knowledge
and learner's interests.
•Ralph Tyler (1902-1994)
- believes that curriculum is a science
and an extension of school's
philosophy.
29. Why is history considered as the foundation
of the modern curriculum?
The civil rights movement and technology
change the face of the 20th century
classroom.
In the 1990s, the computers invade
the classroom around the world and
now it the most important part of the
32. Schools exist within the social context .
Societal culture affects and shapes schools and
their curricula.
In considering the social foundations of curriculum, we
must recognize that schools are only one of the many
institutions that educates society.
The home, the family, community, likewise , educate the
people in the society.
But schools are formal institutions that address more
complex and interrelated societies and the world.
33. Society as ever dynamic is a source of a very fast changes
which
are difficult to cope with and to adjust to.
Thus, schools are made to help to understand these changes.
In order for schools to be relevant, schools curricula should
address diversity, explosion of knowledge, school reforms and
education for all.
The relationship of curriculum and society is mutual and
encompassing.
Hence, to be relevant, the curricula should reflect and preserve
the culture of society and its aspirations.
At the same time, society should also imbibe the changes
34. Considering the changes in contemporary society
which factors should be kept in mind while framing
a curriculum?
Considering the changing contemporary
society, we can consider:
Structure of Family
Cultural Diversity
Growth of
Technology
35.
36. Identify what you consider to be changes in the kinds of
human needs students demonstrate in school today from
those recalled from your own experience as a student.
In what ways do you see the present day needs as similar
or different from those of your own youth.
In what ways do you see there is need for schools to
change or expand their roles in helping students to meet
their present day needs?
Explain the importance of basic human needs in the
planning and development of curriculum
Answer these
questions:
Editor's Notes
hat is the difference between traditional and progressive curriculum?
In the progressive approach however, learning is something that students themselves must experience through the guidance of their teachers and the environment. ... Traditional schools focus on the teacher and what they teach while progressive schools focus on the students and how they can learn
Intellectual Discipline is the practice of obtaining specific information to achieve a very specific purpose
Dewey (1933) suggests that reflective thinking is an active, persistent, and careful consideration of a belief or supposed form of knowledge, of the grounds that support that knowledge, and the further conclusions to which that knowledge leads.