This document summarizes various traditional musical instruments from the Philippines. It describes aerophones like bamboo flutes, chordophones like two-stringed lutes, and idiophones like jaw harps and xylophones. Specific instruments mentioned include the bansiq flute from Mindoro, the kudlung lute from Southeast Mindanao, and the gabbang xylophone from Jolo in the Muslim south. Details are provided on the construction, playing technique, and cultural context of these important elements of Philippine folk music traditions.
this presentation contains the ff:
-Socio-Historical Context
-Geography of Palawan
-People of Palawan
-Vocal Music of Palawan
-Instruments; and
-Musical Context
this presentation contains the ff:
-Socio-Historical Context
-Geography of Palawan
-People of Palawan
-Vocal Music of Palawan
-Instruments; and
-Musical Context
Music of the Cordillera,Mindoro, Palawan and Visayas have similarities in terms of function of music in their daily lives. Music is often used in rituals and ceremonies. Most of their musical instruments are made from materials found in their locality.
Music of the Cordillera,Mindoro, Palawan and Visayas have similarities in terms of function of music in their daily lives. Music is often used in rituals and ceremonies. Most of their musical instruments are made from materials found in their locality.
Presentation for General Assembly to Introduction to Visual Design. Covers the basic understanding of what graphic design is and how it is applied in the UI and UX of design today on the web.
A Public Health Issue: How a Pornified Culture is Distorting Dance (PG Rated)Soul to Sole Choreography
Become aware of how a pornified culture is effecting young children and the art of dance. Learn what you can do to help bring more awareness and change to this important issue.
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The coastal and lowland areas of western Mindanao are homes of the Islamic cultures. Folk culture and court music dating way back in the 10th century or even much earlier are integrated into the musical traditions of the pre-Islamic culture. Music frowns upon the fundamental Islamic view, but the influx of foreign Islamic cultures of the Arabs and Persians has changed this view. The musical practices of the people in the coastal and lowland areas of Western Mindanao are a vital element in their social life are the primary source of their ethnic identities. The musical practices of these indigenous people are a mixture of Western and Non-western ideas.
This is sometimes referred to as the Person–Environment Correspondence
Theory. It was originally developed by René Dawis, George England and Lloyd
Lofquist from the University of Minnesota in 1964.
The more closely a person’s abilities (skills, knowledge, experience, attitude,
behaviours, etc.) correspond with the requirements of the role or the
organisation, the more likely it is that they will perform the job well and be
perceived as satisfactory by the employer.
Structuralism was the first school of psychology and focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components. Researchers tried to understand the basic elements of consciousness using a method known as introspection. Wilhelm Wundt, founder of the first psychology lab, is often associated with this school of thought despite the fact that it was his student Edward B. Titchener who first coined the term to describe this school of thought.
Functionalism formed as a reaction to the structuralism and was heavily influenced by the work of William James and the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin. Functionalists sought to explain the mental processes in a more systematic and accurate manner. Rather than focusing on the elements of consciousness, functionalists focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior. Functionalism also emphasized individual differences, which had a profound impact on education.
Services of the Guidance Office:
1. Individual Inventory
2. Information
3. Counseling
4. Assessment and Appraisal
5. Referral
6. Follow-up
7. Consultation
8. Research and Evaluation
9. Prevention and Wellness
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. Aerophone is any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate without the use of strings or membranes and without the vibration of the instrument itself adding considerably to the sound.
3. Bansiq Ethnic group: HanunooLocation: Mindoro Classification:Aerophone, chip-on-ledge flute: Description Slightly curved bamboo tube, closed on one side by a node and cut off under an angle. On the cut off surface an extra piece of banboo is tied. Dimensions: length: 31,5 cm., diameter: 1,5 cm.
4. Kalleleng Nose flutes Description Long bamboo tubes, closed at one end by the node in which the blowing hole is burnt. The flute has three finger holes. The blowing hole is placed under an angle against the nose and the player gently blows into the tube. Dimensions (from top to bottom):- flute 1: length: 71 cm., diameter: 2 cm.- flute 2: length: 51,5 cm., diameter: 2 cm. The end of the tubes with the blowing hole burnt in the node.On the right: the Tongali from the Kalingga Ethnic group: BontocLocation: North Luzon (Cordillera) Classification: Aerophone, vertical flute, nose flute
5. The kalleleng is held against the nostril;the other nostril is plugged
6. Lantuy Ethnic group: HanunooLocation: Mindoro Classification Aerophone, horizontal flute Description Bamboo tube, closed at one end by a node (on the right on the picture). Dimensions; length: 31,5 cm., diameter: 1,5 cm.
7. Palandag Ethnic group: BagoboLocation: SE Mindanao Classification Aerophone, lip valley flute (notch flute) Description Two by two fingerholes. Protruding mouthpiece with a hole. The instrument is decorated with carvings blackened by burning. For playing technique: see Pulalu Dimensions: length: 18,6 cm, diameter 1,2 cm.
8. Local name : unknownGroup: Bontoc Location: North Luzon (Cordillera) Classification: Aerophone, vertical flute Courting flute Description Short bamboo tube, cut off on the node and closed with a piece of wood, lower part of the hole half covered, with a burnt in hole. Dimensions: length: 14,7 cm., dimater: 1,6 cm.
9. Paldong Front view Ethnic group: KalinggaLocation: North Luzon (Cordillera) Classification Aerophone, lip valley flute (notch flute) Description Open bamboo pipe, top end cut at an angle (see pictures). Three by one fingerholes. For playing technique: see Pulalu Dimensions: length: 69,2 cm, diameter 1,6 cm. The mouthpiece, the one on the left is the Paldong
10. Pulalu Ethnic group: MansakaLocation: SE Mindanao Classification Lip valley flute (notch flute), aerophone Description Open bamboo pipe, top end cut at an angle (see pictures). Two by two fingerholes. Dimensions: length: 48,7 cm, diameter 1,4 cm The mouthpiece, the one on the right is the Pulalu
11. Tongali Ethnic group: KalinggaLocation: North Luzon (Cordillera) Classification Aerophone, vertital flute. nose flute Description Long bamboo tubes, closed at one end by the node in which the blowing hole is burnt. The flute has three finger holes. The blowing hole is placed under an angle against the nose and the player gently blows into the tube. Dimensions: length: 57,5 cm., diameter 2 cm. The end of the tubes with the blowing hole burnt in the node. In the middle and on the left are Kalleleng from the Bontoc. It is held against the nostril; the other nostril is plugged
12. Sahunay Ethnic group: TaosugLocation: Sulu archipelago (muslim south) Classification Pipe with reed (clarinet): aerophone Description Tube with six fingerholes; mouth piece of bamboo with cut out reed; mouth shield made of coconut shell; bell made of leaf (probably bamboo) and blue plastic ribbon. Dimensions:Total length: 28,4 cm. diam. tube with fingerholes: 0,65 cm. widest diam bell: 3,7 cm
13. Sahunay The piece of bamboo with the cut out reed was lost during storage in the depots of the museum. The reed's blade is on the lower side.
14. Chordophone A chordophone is any musical instrument which makes sound by way of a vibrating string or strings stretched between two points
15. Kudlung Ethnic group: BagoboLocation: SE Mindanao Classification Chordophone, two stringed boat lute Description Two stringed lute made of wood, one string for the melody, one for the drone. Eight frets are glued on the neck of the lute. The body of the instrument is carved with geometric patterns. The neck and the head are adorned with horse hair; the tail has two (originally three) pieces of carabao skin; the strap is adorned with bead work. Dimensions: length: 98 cm., width: 8,5 cm., height: 5,5 cm. The head, adorned with horse hair
16. Kudlung Ethnic group: BagoboLocation: SE Mindanao Classification Chordophone, two stringed boat lute Description Two stringed lute made of wood, one string for the melody, one for the drone. Eight frets are glued on the neck of the lute. The body of the instrument is carved with geometric patterns. The neck and the head are adorned with horse hair; the tail has two (originally three) pieces of carabao skin; the strap is adorned with bead work. Dimensions: length: 98 cm., width: 8,5 cm., height: 5,5 cm. The body, carved with geometric patterns, the glued on frets and the strap The tail with the two (originally three) piece sofcarabao skin
17. side view Kudlung Ethnic group: B'laanLocation: SE Mindanao (christian / animist part) Classification Chordophone, two stringed boat lute Kudlung, top view Kudlung, the head with the handle for fine tuning
18. Kudlung Description Two stringed lute made of wood, one string for the melody, one for the drone. Eight frets originally held in place placed on the neck of the lute by a sticky rubbery substance, called sicoco. The lute has a mechanism for fine tuning consisting of a wooden comb tied against the outer part of the lute's neck and the melody string. Dimensions: length: 118 cm., width: 20 cm., height: 10,5 cm. The tail The lower part of the body, with the plectre (akbit) stuck into a hole
19. Kudyapi Sideview The head, decorated with floral motives, 'okiran' The tail, decorated with the 'crocodile' motive
20. Kudyapi Ethnic group: MaranoLocation: West Central Mindanao (muslim south) Classification Chordophone, two stringed boat lute Description Two stringed lute made of wood, one string for the melody, one for the drone. Eight frets originally held in place placed on the neck of the lute by a sticky rubbery substance. The lute is decorated with floral motives; the tail is carved to represent a stylised crocodile head. Dimensions: length: 152 cm., width: 11,5 cm. The bridge, made of wood and carabao horn
21. Serongagandi Ethnic group: MaranawLocation: Central-west Mindanao (muslim south) Classification Cither: chordophone Top view Back view Description Decorated bamboo tube, closed by a node at both ends. Two strings cut free and lifted by bamboo sticks and connected by a wooden bridge (or 'platform'). The bridge is situated over a hole which makes the tube a resonator. Length: 41 cm. diameter: 9 cm. The bridge is placed over a hole
22. Sludoy Ethnic group: T'boliLocation: South east Mindanao Classification Bamboo cither: chordophone, idiochord Description Tube cither made of bamboo; five strings cut from the tube; the tube is cut open with one full length crack and held together by bamboo strips at both ends. In this way the tube forms the resonating body of the instrument. Usually a piece of dried leaf is placed in the top end of the tube of which the fucntion is not clear. Dimensions: length: 80 cm., diameter 11,5 cm. The sludoy, turned 90 degrees for each picture
23. A T'boli woman plays the sludoy, the woman in the background plays a hegelung.
24. Description Bamboo tube, closed at both end by a node. In both nodes a star shaped opening is cut. Five strings are cut loose from the skin, and lifted and tuned with small pieces of wood. The tube is cracked and slightly opened to improve resonance. Dimensions: length: 80 cm. diameter: 11,5 cm. Kolitong Ethnic group: KalinggaLocation: North Luzon, Cordillera Classification Chordophone, idiochord tube zither The strings are cut loose from the skin and lifted by wooden bridges The star shaped opening in the node
25. Idiophone An idiophone is any musical instrument which creates sound primarily by way of the instrument's vibrating, without the use of strings or membranes Most percussion instruments which are not drums are idiophones.
26. Afiw Group: Bontoc Classification Idiophone, jaw harp Ethnic group: BontocLocation: North Luzon (Cordillera) Description Made of brass; the instrument is held horizontally with the metal tongue in front of the opened mouth. The left end is either hit by the thumb of the right hand or plucked (see photograph below). This makes the metal tongue vibrate which causes a sound. The mouth serves as a resonator and by changing the shape and size of the mouth opening, the overtones can be changed, thus creating a melody. By strongly breathing in or out the volume can be changed as well. The string is made of wool. Dimensions: length: 11,5 cm., width: 1,3 cm. The Afiw is held before the opened mouth
27. Kinaban Ethnic group: HanunooLocation: Mindoro Classification: Idiophone, jaw harp Description Made of bamboo; the instrument is held horizontally with the bamboo tongue in front of the opened mouth. The left end is hit by the thumb of the right hand. This makes the bamboo tongue vibrate which causes a sound. The mouth serves as a resonator and by changing the shape and size of the mouth opening, the overtones can be changed, thus creating a melody. By strongly breathing in or out the volume can be changed as well. For a picture of the instrument in use: see the Kubing from the Atta. Dimensions: length: 14,9 cm., width: 0,8 cm.
28. Kubing Ethnic group: AttaLocation: SE Mindanao Classification: Idiophone, jaw harp Description Made of bamboo; Made of bamboo; the instrument is held horizontally with the bamboo tongue in front of the opened mouth. The left end is hit by the thumb of the right hand. This makes the bamboo tongue vibrate which causes a sound. The mouth serves as a resonator and by changing the shape and size of the mouth opening, the overtones can be changed, thus creating a melody. By strongly breathing in or out the volume can be changed as well. Dimensions: length: 20,8 cm., width: 1 cm. QuintikOfong plays the kubing (T'boli)
29. Kubing Ethnic group: MaranaoLocation: West Central Mindanao (muslim south) Classification Idiophone, jaw harp; Description Made of bamboo; Made of bamboo; the instrument is held horizontally with the bamboo tongue in front of the opened mouth. The left end is hit by the thumb of the right hand. This makes the bamboo tongue vibrate which causes a sound. The mouth serves as a resonator and by changing the shape and size of the mouth opening, the overtones can be changed, thus creating a melody. By strongly breathing in or out the volume can be changed as well. For a picture of the instrument in use: see the Kubingfrom the Atta. A thin piece of bamboo of appr. 2 cm. length on the left side, for hitting and causing the tongue to vibrate, is broken off. Dimensions: length: 23,6 cm. (or. appr. 26 cm.). , width (widest): 2,4 cm,(smallest) 1,2 cm.
30. Kumbing Ethnic group: ManoboLocation: Central Mindanao Classification: Idiophone, jaw harp Description Made of bamboo; the instrument is held before the opened mouth with the cut out tongue in front of the mouth opening. The left end is hit by the right hand. This makes the metal tongue vibrate which causes a sound. The mouth serves as a resonator and by changing the shape and size of the mouth opening, the overtones can be changed, thus creating a melody. By strongly breathing in or out the volume can be changed as well. Dimensions: length: 14,9 cm., width: 0,9 cm.
31. Balingbing Group: Kalingga Location: North Luzon (Cordillera) Classification Idiophone, bamboo buzzer Description Bamboo tube, one side closed. Two tongues and a crack up to the node; hole. The instrument is played by beating one of the tongues against the arm or wrist; sound can be changed by closing and opening the hole. Usually played by at least seven individuals, each with one buzzer. Player play their own rythmic pattern, all patterns fit together ('interlocking'). Players can form long rows while dancing in an open space (such as a central meadow). Dimensions: vary from 30 to 50 cm. depending on desired tonal height.
32. Palipal Ethnic group: IfugaoLocation: North Luzon (Cordillera) Classification Idiophone, bamboo clapper Side view Top view Description Bamboo tube, one end open; cut open in the middle; upper part cut into two halves. The instrument is played by shaking: one half swings up and down and in the down swing hits the lower half. For playing technique: see Balingbing
34. Bangibang Group:Ifugao Location: North Luzon (Cordillera) Classification Idiophone, percussion bar Description Set of at least seven wooden bars made of hard wood. Each bar has its own pitch and is hit by the player with a short stick of hard wood. Players have one stick each and play their own rythmic pattern, which fall together ('interlocking').See also: Balingbing. Dimensions: length: 47,5 cm., height: 5 cm., diameter: 2,6 cm.
35. Gabbang Ethnic group: TaosugLocation: Jolo (muslim south) Classification Idiophone, xylophone Front view Description Xylophone with 17 keys made of bamboo, separated by metal nails. The resonating case is dcorated with floral motives. At the sides are two mirrors. The beaters are made of wood with a piece of tube rubber Dimensions: length: 102 cm., width: 51 cm. height: 37 cm. Top view The two beaters
36. The Gabbang can be played as a solo instrument. Sometimes a duo is formed with a 'biula', a local violin. The resonating case, decorated with floral motives A Taosug woman plays the gabbang.
37. Kulintang (small) Ethnic group: MaranaoLocation: Central-west Mindanao (muslim south) Classification Idiophone, metal xylophone Front view Description A set of eight iron plates with boss on a wooden frame. The plates are tuned and played as a kulintang. The set is considered to be a practice set for children, although adults also play the instrument. Dimensions: length: 95 cm., width: 14 cm. height: 9 cm. Top view The left side of the instrument with the largest iron plate
38. Kulintang ensemble Ethnic group: MaranaoLocation: Central-west Mindanao (muslim south) Classification Idiophones: gong chime and large gongMembranophones: conical drum and cylindrical drum Local names Set of eight gongs: KulintangLarge gong: AgungCylindrical drum: GandangConical drum: Dadabuan The complete ensemble
39. Description Set of eight gongs made of bronze, on a wooden stand in the shape of a Sarimanok(mythical bird, divine messenger). Accompanied by one larger gong (here made of iron, but usually also made of bronze) and two drums. The eight small gongs differ in pitch but the height of the tone is not fixed and can differ per set. The number of large gongs can vary from one to several gongs of different pitch and size. The small gongs are struck with two sticks of appr. 30 cm. length and made of a soft kind of wood, probably of the papaya tree. The large gong is struck with a special beater. The conical drum is struck with a thin piece of bamboo of appr. 40 c.m. length. The cylindrical drum is struck with either the hands or two short wooden sticks. To indicate the dimensions of the whole set, the length of the Sarimanok-shaped stand is 2,60 mtr, from head to tail. For other dimensions, see the pages of the other instruments of the ensemble (see above). Kulintang ensemble The head representing the mythical bird Sarimanok
40. Two gongs on the stand Remarks The drums, the stand and the frame are all quite roughly made but elaborately decorated with colourfully painted wood carvings, called 'okiran'. The stand for the large gong is a copy based on photographs of a stand used by a Maranaw cultural group. The stand was made for the exhibiton 'Ugnayan, music in the Philippines', in 1977 in the The Hague Municipal Museum and in 1978 in the Rotterdam Ethnographic Museum. Kulintang ensemble
41. Group: Maranao Classification Idiophone, bossed gong Location: West Central Mindanao (muslim south) Description Gong with boss, made of iron. The gong is part of the Kulintang ensemble Dimensions: diameter: 45 cm. depth: 21 cm. Agung Front view Side view
42. Tanggunggu Ethnic groups: Kalagan, B'laan, Manuvu, Bagobo, a.o.Location: South east Mindanao Classification Gong chime: idiophones Local names Set of eight gongs: TanggungguLargest gong: Unsaranan (lit. mother)The other gongs (rising in pitch): Bandilanan, Tubaganan, LitokananThe highest gong: TulusThe ostinato: PatawagananBeater: Tinkulai
43. Tanggunggu Description Set of eight small gongs made of iron, usually hanging on a rest of rope. The lower right gong is played as an ostinato while the melody is played on the other gongs, around the ostinato.
45. Tongkaling Ethnic group: B'laanLocation: SE Mindanao Classification Idiophones, pellet bells or crotal bells Local names Tongkaling: larger brass pellet bellsGurung-gurung: smaller brass pellet bells Tongkaling, bronze bells, on a dance girdle A Tongkaling with a particular design Description Brass bells, used as an amulet or as a musical instrument. In the picture fourteen brass bells is fixed to a metal girdle. Nine of these bells have a particular design (a tiger's face). The girdle is used during a particular dance. For an extensive explanation of this particular type of bells and its use, see the pages on tiger bells.
46. Membranophone A membranophone is any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by way of a vibrating stretched membrane. Most membranophones are drums
47. Dadabuan Ethnic group: MaranaoLocation: West central Mindanao (muslim south) Classification Membranophone, hour glass shaped drum Description Hour glass shaped drum made of wood; the membrane is made of carabao skin. Decorated with carvings and painted. The drum is part of the Kulintang ensemble. Dimensions: height: 59 cm. diameter (membrane): 19 cm.
48. Ethnic group: MaranaoLocation: West central Mindabao (muslim south) Classification Membranophone, double headed cylindrical drum Gandang Description Cylindrical drum, made of wood with a membrane made of carabo skin on each side. Decorated with 'okiran' motives and painted. The drum is part of the Kulintang ensemble. Dimensions: height: 34 cm., diameter: 17 cm.
49. Prepared by: JC de Egurrola Source: Kipas Gallery: Home of traditional art and music Url: http://www.kipas.nl/