This document provides an overview of phenomenology as a research method. It discusses the two main types of phenomenology: transcendental/descriptive phenomenology developed by Husserl which aims to describe the essence of a phenomenon, and hermeneutic phenomenology developed by Heidegger which acknowledges the interpretive nature of understanding a phenomenon. The document outlines key concepts in phenomenology like epoché, horizontalization, and eidetic variation. It then discusses hermeneutic phenomenological research methods and provides examples of potential research problems, purposes, questions, and topics. Finally, it briefly introduces transcendental phenomenology and provides additional examples.
Phenomenological research aims to describe and understand lived experiences through qualitative methods like interviews and observation. It seeks to understand perspectives from the view of participants rather than explain with hypotheses. Analysis involves reading data to identify key themes within and across participant responses. Themes are then organized and used to structure summaries of participants' views on various topics. While findings from single cases illuminate individual experiences, analyzing multiple participants strengthens inferences about common factors and their effects.
1. Phenomenological research aims to understand the essence of a shared experience among individuals.
2. It identifies a phenomenon, collects data through interviews, and analyzes the data by identifying themes in the participants' descriptions of experiencing the phenomenon.
3. The analysis seeks to develop a textural-structural description of the essence of the shared experience.
The document provides an overview of a course on qualitative research methods. It discusses key topics that will be covered in the lectures, including what qualitative research is, different qualitative research strategies and how to implement them, methods for collecting data through observation and interviews, and analyzing qualitative data. The lectures will cover theory, qualitative research strategies and processes, data collection techniques, and critiques of qualitative research approaches.
This document provides an overview of phenomenology and grounded theory research methods. It defines phenomenology as the study of lived experiences and the meanings participants assign to those experiences. The document outlines descriptive and interpretive phenomenological approaches and the key processes of phenomenological research including identifying the phenomenon of interest, data collection via interviews, analysis via coding and identifying themes, and developing textual descriptions. Grounded theory is defined as an inductive method for developing theories grounded in qualitative data. The document discusses the key characteristics of grounded theory including simultaneous data collection and analysis and theoretical sampling to develop concepts.
This document provides an overview of a qualitative analysis boot camp session covering topics such as qualitative research introduction, data collection, coding and analysis, reporting, and resources. The session includes a coding practice exercise and time for questions. Presenters will discuss qualitative vs quantitative research, applications in health education and promotion, sample methodologies like interviews and focus groups, online data collection methods, grounded theory, coding with software assistance, visualizing data, and reporting trends and themes from qualitative analysis.
Phenomenology is a qualitative research method focused on describing lived experiences and interpreting the meaning of those experiences. It aims to understand how people experience a particular phenomenon and identify commonalities in those experiences. Key aspects of phenomenology include bracketing preconceptions, analyzing experiences through descriptions and themes, and distilling the essence of the phenomenon. The document provides details on the history, assumptions, types, methods, procedures, data collection and analysis of phenomenological research.
The presentation describes the phenomenological research in detail. The presentation describes how one can apply phenomenological research in Education
This document discusses the key aspects of qualitative research design. It explains that qualitative research relies on data from interviews, observations, and documents rather than testing hypotheses. The goal is to understand people's behaviors and meanings rather than measuring things. Some common qualitative designs mentioned are grounded theory, ethnography, phenomenology, case studies, and content analysis. Sample sizes are small and purposeful rather than random. Data collection methods include interviews, observations, and documents. Analysis uses an inductive approach to identify themes. Researchers are the main instrument and context is important for understanding findings.
Phenomenological research aims to describe and understand lived experiences through qualitative methods like interviews and observation. It seeks to understand perspectives from the view of participants rather than explain with hypotheses. Analysis involves reading data to identify key themes within and across participant responses. Themes are then organized and used to structure summaries of participants' views on various topics. While findings from single cases illuminate individual experiences, analyzing multiple participants strengthens inferences about common factors and their effects.
1. Phenomenological research aims to understand the essence of a shared experience among individuals.
2. It identifies a phenomenon, collects data through interviews, and analyzes the data by identifying themes in the participants' descriptions of experiencing the phenomenon.
3. The analysis seeks to develop a textural-structural description of the essence of the shared experience.
The document provides an overview of a course on qualitative research methods. It discusses key topics that will be covered in the lectures, including what qualitative research is, different qualitative research strategies and how to implement them, methods for collecting data through observation and interviews, and analyzing qualitative data. The lectures will cover theory, qualitative research strategies and processes, data collection techniques, and critiques of qualitative research approaches.
This document provides an overview of phenomenology and grounded theory research methods. It defines phenomenology as the study of lived experiences and the meanings participants assign to those experiences. The document outlines descriptive and interpretive phenomenological approaches and the key processes of phenomenological research including identifying the phenomenon of interest, data collection via interviews, analysis via coding and identifying themes, and developing textual descriptions. Grounded theory is defined as an inductive method for developing theories grounded in qualitative data. The document discusses the key characteristics of grounded theory including simultaneous data collection and analysis and theoretical sampling to develop concepts.
This document provides an overview of a qualitative analysis boot camp session covering topics such as qualitative research introduction, data collection, coding and analysis, reporting, and resources. The session includes a coding practice exercise and time for questions. Presenters will discuss qualitative vs quantitative research, applications in health education and promotion, sample methodologies like interviews and focus groups, online data collection methods, grounded theory, coding with software assistance, visualizing data, and reporting trends and themes from qualitative analysis.
Phenomenology is a qualitative research method focused on describing lived experiences and interpreting the meaning of those experiences. It aims to understand how people experience a particular phenomenon and identify commonalities in those experiences. Key aspects of phenomenology include bracketing preconceptions, analyzing experiences through descriptions and themes, and distilling the essence of the phenomenon. The document provides details on the history, assumptions, types, methods, procedures, data collection and analysis of phenomenological research.
The presentation describes the phenomenological research in detail. The presentation describes how one can apply phenomenological research in Education
This document discusses the key aspects of qualitative research design. It explains that qualitative research relies on data from interviews, observations, and documents rather than testing hypotheses. The goal is to understand people's behaviors and meanings rather than measuring things. Some common qualitative designs mentioned are grounded theory, ethnography, phenomenology, case studies, and content analysis. Sample sizes are small and purposeful rather than random. Data collection methods include interviews, observations, and documents. Analysis uses an inductive approach to identify themes. Researchers are the main instrument and context is important for understanding findings.
This document discusses narrative research, which involves collecting and analyzing stories from individuals about their lived experiences. Narrative research aims to understand how people make meaning of their experiences through stories. It developed as a way to understand human experiences across disciplines. Key aspects include gathering individual stories through methods like interviews and documents, reorganizing the stories chronologically, identifying themes across stories, and collaborating closely with participants. The document provides examples of narrative research types and outlines important considerations like authenticity, accuracy, and ensuring participants are comfortable sharing stories.
Grounded theory is a qualitative research method that aims to develop theories inductively from data. It begins with data collection and analysis to allow concepts and theories to emerge from the data rather than testing a predetermined hypothesis. Grounded theory was developed in the 1960s by sociologists Glaser and Strauss and has since split into different paradigms including Straussian, Glaserian, and Constructivist approaches. The key aspects of grounded theory include coding data through open, axial, and selective coding to develop categories and concepts into a theoretical framework or model.
Grounded theory is a qualitative research method that uses a systematic process of data collection and inductive analysis to develop a theory about a phenomenon. The key aspects of grounded theory are that data collection and analysis occur simultaneously to allow codes, concepts, and categories to emerge from the data rather than testing a predetermined hypothesis. Grounded theory was developed in the 1960s by sociologists Glaser and Strauss and focuses on uncovering social processes through exploring relationships and behaviors. It has since evolved, with differing approaches emerging between Glaser and Strauss.
Phenomenological research examines human experiences through descriptions provided by those involved. It aims to understand the relationship between individual consciousness and social life, and uncover how awareness shapes social actions and worlds. Phenomenological studies trace lived experiences of people to generate theories about phenomena. Data is primarily collected through interviews and analyzed to identify patterns and themes in a clear manner. There are different types including realistic, constitutive, existential, and hermeneutic phenomenological research.
This document provides an overview of grounded theory, including its definition, uses, methodology, and key steps. Grounded theory is a systematic qualitative research method for developing theories about phenomena grounded in data. It involves collecting and analyzing data to generate concepts and theories, rather than testing a predetermined hypothesis. The methodology includes open, axial, and selective coding of data to group concepts into categories and identify core themes from which to build an explanatory theory.
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
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Phenomenological research aims to describe the lived experiences of several individuals regarding a phenomenon. It seeks to illuminate specific phenomena through how they are perceived by those in a situation. The researcher identifies a shared experience among individuals and attempts to locate the universal essence and nature of that experience. The methodology involves bracketing researcher bias, collecting data through methods like interviews, reducing the data to identify themes, and describing the textures of what was experienced and structures of how it was experienced.
Grounded theory is a systematic qualitative research methodology that focuses on generating theory from data. It involves iterative collection and analysis of data to develop conceptual categories. The researcher codes data to identify concepts and looks for relationships between concepts to develop a theoretical understanding grounded in the views of participants. Key aspects of grounded theory include constant comparison of data, memo writing to develop ideas about codes and relationships, and allowing theory to emerge from the data rather than testing a pre-existing hypothesis. The goal is to develop a theory that explains processes, actions or interactions for a particular topic.
Grounded Theory: A specific methodology developed by Glaser and Strauss (1967) for the purpose of building theory from data. In their book the term grounded theory is used in a more sense to denote theoretical constructs derived form qualitative analysis of data.
Qualitative research focuses on interpreting people's experiences and the world they live in. There are several main types of qualitative research including case studies, grounded theory, phenomenology, ethnography, and historical research. Qualitative data is typically collected through interactive interviews, written descriptions, and observation. Analysis begins during data collection to guide further inquiry. Triangulation involves collecting different types of data from multiple sources to enhance validity. Common challenges include small sample sizes and potential for bias.
Grounded theory methodology is a qualitative research method that aims to generate or discover a theory grounded in data from the field. It is an iterative process where the analyst becomes more grounded in the data and develops richer concepts and models. There are two major schools of grounded theory - the Glaserian school emphasizes emerging theory from neutral questions, while the Straussian school structures questions and coding more rigorously. Key aspects of grounded theory include theoretical sampling, validating findings through quotations, and achieving reliability through techniques like triangulation and audit trails.
This document provides an overview of phenomenological research methods. Phenomenology aims to understand the lived experiences of participants and discover the essence of phenomena. It involves in-depth interviews to understand participants' perceptions of their lived space, body, time, and relationships. The researcher acts as the primary data collection instrument and analyzes transcripts for themes without leading participants. The goal is a rich description of the meaning and essence of participants' experiences.
Grounded theory is a qualitative research method that uses a systematic set of procedures to develop an inductively derived theory about a phenomenon. The method involves collecting data through various means without beginning with a hypothesis, and using constant comparison analysis to generate conceptual categories and their properties which are related through a storyline that describes the main theme of the research. Grounded theory is mainly used for qualitative research to build descriptive, abstract, and powerful theories that are firmly grounded in and driven by the data.
This document outlines the process of thematic analysis for qualitative research methods. It discusses constructing categories from the data and naming themes. The criteria for categories is that they should be responsive to the research purpose, exhaustive, mutually exclusive, and sensitizing. The number of themes can depend, but preferably there should be five to six according to Cresswell. Different types of qualitative data analysis are described, including phenomenological, grounded theory, ethnographic, narrative, case studies, and content analysis. Guidance is provided on the specific processes for each type. The importance of focusing on the research question rather than getting lost in software is also emphasized.
Phenomenology studies the structures of consciousness and experience from a first-person point of view and seeks to understand how people experience certain phenomena. It involves in-depth interviews with participants who have experienced the phenomenon to understand the essence of shared experiences. The data is then analyzed through horizonalization, clustering meanings into themes, and developing textural and structural descriptions to capture the essence of the phenomenon.
The document defines research and outlines its key characteristics and importance. It discusses the characteristics of researchers and the qualities of good researchers. It also describes the different types of research and outlines the typical stages in the research process, including defining the problem, planning, data collection/analysis, and reporting. Finally, it discusses some ethical considerations and interfaces in conducting research.
This document outlines and describes 6 common types of qualitative research designs: phenomenological research, ethnographic research, grounded theory, historical research, case study research, and action research. Phenomenological research examines human experiences through descriptions provided by involved people. Ethnographic research involves collecting information from cultural groups by living with and interviewing knowledgeable members. Grounded theory develops theories inductively from collected data. Historical research systematically evaluates past event data to understand causes and trends. Case studies provide an in-depth analysis of a single example. Action research seeks to improve practices and study the effects of changes.
1. The document discusses paradigms in research, which are models or patterns that shape a researcher's perspective and approach.
2. Paradigms were first introduced by philosopher Thomas Kuhn and can be defined narrowly as specific methods or broadly as entire worldviews.
3. The paradigm a researcher adopts determines what questions they study, methods they use, and how they interpret results.
4. The main paradigms discussed are the normative, interpretative, and critical paradigms, which differ in their assumptions and approaches.
This study explored the lived experiences of first-year occupational therapy students transitioning into their OT cohort through phenomenological interviews. Four overarching themes emerged: 1) students found support within their cohort culture, 2) they experienced early positive outcomes from the program, 3) adjustments were required to maintain life balance due to increased stress, and 4) students desired more interaction with advisors and other cohorts. The transition brought increased stress but also new support systems. Students successfully coped by adjusting other roles but wanted more socialization. The results provide implications to help educators enhance student experiences and transitions into OT programs.
The document provides an overview of qualitative research. It defines qualitative research as collecting, analyzing, and interpreting subjective data through methods like interviews and observations. Qualitative research aims to understand people's experiences, feelings, and motivations through exploratory, open-ended methods rather than numerical data or variables. The document outlines different types of qualitative research including basic interpretive studies, phenomenology, grounded theory, case studies, ethnography, narrative analysis, and critical/postmodern approaches. It also discusses strengths, weaknesses, data collection techniques, and the analytical process in qualitative research.
This document discusses narrative research, which involves collecting and analyzing stories from individuals about their lived experiences. Narrative research aims to understand how people make meaning of their experiences through stories. It developed as a way to understand human experiences across disciplines. Key aspects include gathering individual stories through methods like interviews and documents, reorganizing the stories chronologically, identifying themes across stories, and collaborating closely with participants. The document provides examples of narrative research types and outlines important considerations like authenticity, accuracy, and ensuring participants are comfortable sharing stories.
Grounded theory is a qualitative research method that aims to develop theories inductively from data. It begins with data collection and analysis to allow concepts and theories to emerge from the data rather than testing a predetermined hypothesis. Grounded theory was developed in the 1960s by sociologists Glaser and Strauss and has since split into different paradigms including Straussian, Glaserian, and Constructivist approaches. The key aspects of grounded theory include coding data through open, axial, and selective coding to develop categories and concepts into a theoretical framework or model.
Grounded theory is a qualitative research method that uses a systematic process of data collection and inductive analysis to develop a theory about a phenomenon. The key aspects of grounded theory are that data collection and analysis occur simultaneously to allow codes, concepts, and categories to emerge from the data rather than testing a predetermined hypothesis. Grounded theory was developed in the 1960s by sociologists Glaser and Strauss and focuses on uncovering social processes through exploring relationships and behaviors. It has since evolved, with differing approaches emerging between Glaser and Strauss.
Phenomenological research examines human experiences through descriptions provided by those involved. It aims to understand the relationship between individual consciousness and social life, and uncover how awareness shapes social actions and worlds. Phenomenological studies trace lived experiences of people to generate theories about phenomena. Data is primarily collected through interviews and analyzed to identify patterns and themes in a clear manner. There are different types including realistic, constitutive, existential, and hermeneutic phenomenological research.
This document provides an overview of grounded theory, including its definition, uses, methodology, and key steps. Grounded theory is a systematic qualitative research method for developing theories about phenomena grounded in data. It involves collecting and analyzing data to generate concepts and theories, rather than testing a predetermined hypothesis. The methodology includes open, axial, and selective coding of data to group concepts into categories and identify core themes from which to build an explanatory theory.
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
Follow Me:
Linkedin: arguni_hasnain
Instagram : arguni.hasnain
Facebook: arguni.hasnain
Phenomenological research aims to describe the lived experiences of several individuals regarding a phenomenon. It seeks to illuminate specific phenomena through how they are perceived by those in a situation. The researcher identifies a shared experience among individuals and attempts to locate the universal essence and nature of that experience. The methodology involves bracketing researcher bias, collecting data through methods like interviews, reducing the data to identify themes, and describing the textures of what was experienced and structures of how it was experienced.
Grounded theory is a systematic qualitative research methodology that focuses on generating theory from data. It involves iterative collection and analysis of data to develop conceptual categories. The researcher codes data to identify concepts and looks for relationships between concepts to develop a theoretical understanding grounded in the views of participants. Key aspects of grounded theory include constant comparison of data, memo writing to develop ideas about codes and relationships, and allowing theory to emerge from the data rather than testing a pre-existing hypothesis. The goal is to develop a theory that explains processes, actions or interactions for a particular topic.
Grounded Theory: A specific methodology developed by Glaser and Strauss (1967) for the purpose of building theory from data. In their book the term grounded theory is used in a more sense to denote theoretical constructs derived form qualitative analysis of data.
Qualitative research focuses on interpreting people's experiences and the world they live in. There are several main types of qualitative research including case studies, grounded theory, phenomenology, ethnography, and historical research. Qualitative data is typically collected through interactive interviews, written descriptions, and observation. Analysis begins during data collection to guide further inquiry. Triangulation involves collecting different types of data from multiple sources to enhance validity. Common challenges include small sample sizes and potential for bias.
Grounded theory methodology is a qualitative research method that aims to generate or discover a theory grounded in data from the field. It is an iterative process where the analyst becomes more grounded in the data and develops richer concepts and models. There are two major schools of grounded theory - the Glaserian school emphasizes emerging theory from neutral questions, while the Straussian school structures questions and coding more rigorously. Key aspects of grounded theory include theoretical sampling, validating findings through quotations, and achieving reliability through techniques like triangulation and audit trails.
This document provides an overview of phenomenological research methods. Phenomenology aims to understand the lived experiences of participants and discover the essence of phenomena. It involves in-depth interviews to understand participants' perceptions of their lived space, body, time, and relationships. The researcher acts as the primary data collection instrument and analyzes transcripts for themes without leading participants. The goal is a rich description of the meaning and essence of participants' experiences.
Grounded theory is a qualitative research method that uses a systematic set of procedures to develop an inductively derived theory about a phenomenon. The method involves collecting data through various means without beginning with a hypothesis, and using constant comparison analysis to generate conceptual categories and their properties which are related through a storyline that describes the main theme of the research. Grounded theory is mainly used for qualitative research to build descriptive, abstract, and powerful theories that are firmly grounded in and driven by the data.
This document outlines the process of thematic analysis for qualitative research methods. It discusses constructing categories from the data and naming themes. The criteria for categories is that they should be responsive to the research purpose, exhaustive, mutually exclusive, and sensitizing. The number of themes can depend, but preferably there should be five to six according to Cresswell. Different types of qualitative data analysis are described, including phenomenological, grounded theory, ethnographic, narrative, case studies, and content analysis. Guidance is provided on the specific processes for each type. The importance of focusing on the research question rather than getting lost in software is also emphasized.
Phenomenology studies the structures of consciousness and experience from a first-person point of view and seeks to understand how people experience certain phenomena. It involves in-depth interviews with participants who have experienced the phenomenon to understand the essence of shared experiences. The data is then analyzed through horizonalization, clustering meanings into themes, and developing textural and structural descriptions to capture the essence of the phenomenon.
The document defines research and outlines its key characteristics and importance. It discusses the characteristics of researchers and the qualities of good researchers. It also describes the different types of research and outlines the typical stages in the research process, including defining the problem, planning, data collection/analysis, and reporting. Finally, it discusses some ethical considerations and interfaces in conducting research.
This document outlines and describes 6 common types of qualitative research designs: phenomenological research, ethnographic research, grounded theory, historical research, case study research, and action research. Phenomenological research examines human experiences through descriptions provided by involved people. Ethnographic research involves collecting information from cultural groups by living with and interviewing knowledgeable members. Grounded theory develops theories inductively from collected data. Historical research systematically evaluates past event data to understand causes and trends. Case studies provide an in-depth analysis of a single example. Action research seeks to improve practices and study the effects of changes.
1. The document discusses paradigms in research, which are models or patterns that shape a researcher's perspective and approach.
2. Paradigms were first introduced by philosopher Thomas Kuhn and can be defined narrowly as specific methods or broadly as entire worldviews.
3. The paradigm a researcher adopts determines what questions they study, methods they use, and how they interpret results.
4. The main paradigms discussed are the normative, interpretative, and critical paradigms, which differ in their assumptions and approaches.
This study explored the lived experiences of first-year occupational therapy students transitioning into their OT cohort through phenomenological interviews. Four overarching themes emerged: 1) students found support within their cohort culture, 2) they experienced early positive outcomes from the program, 3) adjustments were required to maintain life balance due to increased stress, and 4) students desired more interaction with advisors and other cohorts. The transition brought increased stress but also new support systems. Students successfully coped by adjusting other roles but wanted more socialization. The results provide implications to help educators enhance student experiences and transitions into OT programs.
The document provides an overview of qualitative research. It defines qualitative research as collecting, analyzing, and interpreting subjective data through methods like interviews and observations. Qualitative research aims to understand people's experiences, feelings, and motivations through exploratory, open-ended methods rather than numerical data or variables. The document outlines different types of qualitative research including basic interpretive studies, phenomenology, grounded theory, case studies, ethnography, narrative analysis, and critical/postmodern approaches. It also discusses strengths, weaknesses, data collection techniques, and the analytical process in qualitative research.
KV712 Intro to Research Methodology Session1kturvey
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to educational research methodology. It discusses paradigms like quantitative and qualitative research and mixed methods approaches. It also covers research designs such as action research, case studies, surveys, and experiments. Additionally, it outlines various data collection tools and issues around the researcher's role and positionality. Throughout, it emphasizes the importance of grounding research within a theoretical framework and developing focused research questions.
This document provides an introduction to qualitative research methods. It begins with an outline of the topics to be covered, including the background and differences between qualitative and quantitative research. It then discusses the nature of qualitative research, noting that it seeks to understand phenomena through words rather than numbers and aims for in-depth understanding rather than generalization. The document also covers when qualitative research should be used, such as to explore issues where little is known, and how to develop a qualitative research idea by determining the research aim and questions.
1. Educational psychology is a branch of psychology that deals with principles of learning and teaching in educational environments.
2. The major purpose of educational psychology is to provide information to help teachers make better decisions and help students become effective learners.
3. Expert teachers have in-depth subject knowledge and teaching strategies, understand learners, and can adapt effectively. Novice teachers have limited knowledge and focus more on concrete details than adapting to learners' needs.
This document discusses different types of research paradigms and qualitative versus quantitative research. It identifies three main types of research: exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory. Exploratory research involves qualitative methods like interviews and observation, while explanatory research involves quantitative hypothesis testing. Descriptive research can use either qualitative or quantitative methods. The document also discusses key differences in the assumptions and approaches of qualitative versus quantitative research, including their views on truth, the role of the researcher's values, and whether research should aim for objectivity or be used for social change. The two main paradigms discussed are positivism, associated with quantitative research, and interpretivism, associated with qualitative research.
Research Paradigms Presentation Qualitative Research ConceptsFazalHayat12
This document discusses different types of research paradigms and concepts in qualitative research. It identifies three primary types of research: exploratory, descriptive, and explanatory. Exploratory research involves qualitative studies like observations and interviews, while explanatory research involves quantitative studies and hypothesis testing. Descriptive studies can use quantitative or qualitative methods. The document also discusses the differences between qualitative and quantitative research in terms of structure, role of the researcher, and purpose. Qualitative research is subjective and aims to understand different perspectives, while quantitative research seeks objective truths through hypothesis testing. The two main paradigms are positivism for quantitative research and interpretivism for qualitative research.
This document provides an overview of different types of research, including:
- Pure research and applied research based on concepts versus applying research to societal problems.
- Descriptive, correlational, explanatory, exploratory, and action research based on the purpose of the research.
- Qualitative and quantitative research based on the type of data needed.
- Case study, ethnography, phenomenology, content/discourse analysis, historical analysis, and grounded theory as types of qualitative research.
Examples and brief descriptions are provided for each type of research.
This document discusses the key differences between paradigms, methodologies, and methods in research. It defines paradigms as theoretical mindsets or collections of beliefs that underlie a researcher's approach. Methodologies are discipline-specific approaches and processes used in research. Methods are the specific techniques used to collect research data, such as interviews, observation, and artifact collection. The document provides examples of methodologies like ethnography and action research, as well as methods commonly used within those methodologies.
This document summarizes three seminal theories that inform what we know about teaching and learning: (1) expectancy theory by Robert Rosenthal, which proposes that teacher expectations affect student outcomes; (2) impression formation theory by Solomon Asch, which suggests that preconceived impressions can influence how people are described and perceived; and (3) cognitive processing theory by Edward Tolman, which posits that mental representations and strategies are important for how information is processed and learned. The document also briefly discusses related studies by Bandura, Piaget, and Kohlberg, before concluding that early psychological research paved the way for modern cognitive studies and that educators should stay informed by this research.
This document summarizes three seminal theories that inform what we know about teaching and learning: (1) expectancy theory by Robert Rosenthal, which proposes that teacher expectations affect student outcomes; (2) impression formation theory by Solomon Asch, which suggests that preconceived impressions can influence how people are described and perceived; and (3) cognitive processing theory by Edward Tolman, which posits that mental representations and strategies are important for how information is processed and learned. The document also briefly discusses related studies by Bandura, Piaget, and Kohlberg, before concluding that early psychological research paved the way for modern cognitive studies and that educators should stay informed by this research.
Here are some tips for conducting qualitative interviews:
- Build rapport by introducing yourself warmly and explaining the purpose of the interview in a clear, concise way.
- Ask open-ended questions to elicit detailed responses. Avoid questions that can be answered with a simple yes or no.
- Be an active listener. Maintain eye contact, nod to show you're engaged, and avoid multitasking.
- Follow up with probing questions to get more depth, clarity or examples when needed ("Can you tell me more about that?" "What did you mean by...").
- Remain neutral and don't interject your own opinions. Let the interviewee do most of the talking.
- Be
OVERVIEWwWrite a 3–4-page assessment in which you use exampl.docxkarlacauq0
OVERVIEW
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Write a 3–4-page assessment in which you use examples and research findings to explain the connections between technology and self-regulation.
The more self-knowledge and self-awareness we have, the more intentional we can be about our behavioral choices and the more we can resolve conflicts between ourselves and the social world.
CONTEXT
Research conducted on the delay of gratification in the 1960s by Walter Mischel and his colleagues attempted to explain the concept of willpower by examining how long preschool children could resist settling for a small, immediately available reward in order to get a larger reward later. Follow-up surveys with the same group found that children who were able to resist for a longer period of time also scored higher on SAT tests, had higher levels of self-worth, and coped better with stress. The study also found that those children who had at first decided to wait and then chose the immediate reward were 30 percent more likely to be overweight by the age of 11 (Mischel, et al., 2011). Some of the ways the children self-regulated their behavior in order to delay gratification to receive a higher reward were to lay their heads down on the table, nap, talk to themselves, and sing.
QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER
To deepen your understanding, you are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of the business community.
If you could learn how your thoughts may interfere with your own happiness and success, would you want to know?
RESOURCES
Suggested Resources
The following optional resources are provided to support you in completing the assessment or to provide a helpful context. For additional resources, refer to the Research Resources and Supplemental Resources in the left navigation menu of your courseroom.
Library Resources
The following e-books or articles from the Capella University Library are linked directly in this course. It is important to note that some of the articles listed here are fairly old but are considered seminal works in the field of social psychology.
•
Boer, D., & Fischer, R. (2013).
How and when do personal values guide our attitudes and sociality? Explaining cross-cultural variability in attitude–value linkages
.
Psychological Bulletin
,
139
(5), 1113–1147.
•
Burnette, J. L., O'Boyle, E. H., VanEpps, E. M., Pollack, J. M., & Finkel, E. J. (2013).
Mind-sets matter: A meta-analytic review of implicit theories and self-regulation
.
Psychological Bulletin
,
139
(3), 655–701.
•
Casey, B. J., Somerville, L. H., Gotlib, I. H., Ayduk, O., Franklin, N. T., Askren, M. K., & . . . Shoda, Y. (2011).
Behavioral and neural correlates of delay of gratification 40 years later
.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
,
108
(36), 14998–15003.
•
Crabb, P. B. (2003).
Technology and self-regulation: The case of alarm clock use
.
Social Behavior and Personality
,
31
(4), 343–348.
•
Hu, H., & Driscoll, M. P. (2.
The document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in an introductory personality psychology course. It discusses key concepts like the definition of personality, levels of analysis for studying personality from human nature to individual differences, approaches like traits and mechanisms, domains of knowledge, and standards for evaluating personality theories. The goal of the course is to provide an integrated understanding of the whole person using diverse domains and bridging different levels of analysis.
Building Models of Social Processes from the Ground Up: Two Case StudiesJane Gilgun
Social workers tilt at windmills. We want to create a just and caring society. All we have to do is read headlines of local, national, and international news to see the difficulties of the tasks we have chosen for ourselves. When we reflect upon the work we do, we have more evidence that our work may be never-ending. The bright spots, hope, and the vision of a caring world impel us onward. In this think tank, I will show how I have developed models of social processes that I hope others can use in their quests for a more just and caring society. In each of these models, I drew upon the four cornerstones of evidence-based practice: research and theory, practice wisdom, service user wants, preferences, and values, and my own personal and professional values, experiences, and reflections. The two case studies are 1) factors associated with good outcomes when children have experienced complex trauma and 2) a model of intervention with perpetrators of interpersonal violence.
Clinical Psychology Case Formulation and Treatment Planning: A PrimerJames Tobin, Ph.D.
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John Holland's theory proposes that individuals are attracted to certain careers based on their personalities and backgrounds. He identified six personality types - realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional - that are attracted to matching work environments. Career satisfaction depends on the congruence between one's personality type and their work. Krumboltz's social learning theory emphasizes how genetic, environmental, learning, and skills factors influence career choices over a person's lifespan. Cognitive information processing theories view career choice as involving problem-solving, decision-making, and the interaction of cognitive and affective processes.
Qualitative research involves observing and analyzing non-numerical data to understand meanings, concepts, and descriptions. It allows for an in-depth examination of feelings, motivations, and real-life situations, but the results cannot be generalized to a whole population. There are various types of qualitative research including basic interpretive studies, phenomenological studies, grounded theory studies, case studies, ethnographic studies, narrative analysis, critical research, and postmodern research. Each type has distinct goals and methodologies for data collection and analysis.
An Array Of Qualitative Data Analysis Tools A Call For Data Analysis Triangu...Angie Miller
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This document contains lyrics to several Catholic hymns praising God and Jesus. It includes the hymn "Adoramus Te Domine" which lists people and groups that praise God, such as angels, saints, Mary, apostles, martyrs, and all people of the church. It also includes lyrics to "Bless the Lord," "Jesus, Remember Me," "Jesus Your Light," "Laudate Dominum," and "Crucem tuam adoramus."
Shepherds with the 'Odor of the Sheep'.pptxAlexHenon1
Pope Francis ordained 10 new priests and gave a homily emphasizing 3 key responsibilities of priests. Priests are called to: 1) Spread the word of God joyfully through teaching and example; 2) Bring people together as one family to lead them to God; and 3) Be servants who show mercy and tenderness to their people rather than managing functionaries. The pope urged priests to spread the oil of anointing by going out from themselves to strengthen their people with God's grace.
This document discusses the human and Christian visions of solidarity. It defines solidarity as being based on unity and fraternity among all people, grounded in equal human dignity and rights. Two popes are quoted emphasizing love and communion between all. The Christian vision is exemplified in several Bible passages about loving God and neighbor unconditionally. Effective solidarity requires addressing unjust structures and promoting human dignity, rights, justice and love for all. Concrete examples given are the work of Mother Teresa and empowerment centers. The Church has a right and duty to denounce injustices hampering human dignity. Witnessing through good works and proclaiming justice are emphasized as how the Church commits to solidarity, especially with the poor.
Here are three of my favorite foods drawn in a simple style:
[DRAWING OF BREAD]
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[DRAWING OF VEGETABLE (CARROT OR TOMATO)]
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
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providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
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changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
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these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
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Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
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Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
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Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
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A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
1. Phenomenology
Karen K. Johnson, Ed.D
Associate Faculty, URM, RMG Leader, CEITR
Ryan Rominger, Ph.D., LCPC-PIT
Assoc. University Research Chair of CLSER, RMG Leader
Diana Hart, Ed.D., University of Phoenix Alumni
2. ❏ Introductions
❏ Context/Thought Leaders
❏ Ontology of two types of Phenomenology
❏ Transcendental/Classical/Descriptive (Husserl)
❏ Hermeneutical/Interpretive (Heidegger)
❏ Examples of Problem, Purpose, RQ and Interview questions
❏ Some differences between PRM and other research designs
❏ Using phenomenology with other cultures.
❏ Q & A
❏ References
Agenda
3. Resources that we have used to draw our comments from include:
Davidsen, A. S. (2013). Phenomenological Approaches in Psychology and Health
Sciences. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 10(3), 318–339.
http://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2011.608466
Giorgi, A. (2007). Concerning the phenomenological methods of Husserl and
Heidegger and their application in psychology. Collection du Cirp, 1 63-78.
Phenomenology: A philosophy and a research design.
Embedded in the language of thought leaders Husserl and Heidegger
4.
5.
6. Introduction to Phenomenology
• German philosophical roots
• Husserl
• Looking at consciousness, intentionality of consciousness in the world, difference of
actual ‘thing’ in the world and our understanding of that ‘thing’
• Can only experience our conscious experience of the ‘thing’
• Can we get to the core essence of what that ‘thing’ is?
• Heidegger
• Followed Husserl, but offered a challenge in that there is a layer of interpretation of
the ‘thing’
• Can not get at core essence due to our lenses (culture, language, etc.) or ‘thrownness’
• Into research methods
• A. Giorgi - brought Husserlian phenomenology into research in the West - called ‘pure’,
descriptive or transcendental phenomenology, among other things (Husserl [G], Merleau-
Ponty, Sartre[F])
• Objective stance, full bracketing, can get at the essence of the ‘thing’ itself
7. Terms
Phenomenological Reduction: [related to epoché - process of epoché leads to
phenom. reduction] “the term for our thematization of the correlation between
subjectivity and world (Zahavi 2003)” (Davidsen, 2013)
Epoché: “suspend our acceptance of the natural attitude and bracket its validity”
(Davidsen, 2013) [Bracketing] (one area of much debate)
Horizontalization: “trying to understand all phenomena at the same level by not
prioritizing phenomena (Langdridge 2007)”
Eidetic variation: “attempting to imagine the object being different from how it
currently is (Zahavi 2003)”
Synthesizing: bringing the descriptions, conclusions all together (van Manen, 2016)
8. Hermeneutical Phenomenological
Research Methods
● Also called interpretative phenom. analysis and existential phenom. analysis.
● Dasein:
○ German word - “being there” or “there being” - how humans are and understand
themselves in the world.
○ Focus is on the structure of understanding (epistemology).
● Inherently an ‘Interpretive’ process - as an ‘event’ (reality) is
covered/disguised, our understand is through interpretation rather than direct
knowing (Davidson, 2013; Heidegger as in Inwood, 1997)
● All description involves interpretation (lenses through which we see the world,
reciprocally influenced by culture, language, time)
● I.e., what Heidegger called “Thrownness”
● No pure objectivity
9. Hermeneutical Phenomenological
Research Methods
● Thus, the interpretive process ITSELF is part of the focus
○ (how we understand and make meaning of an event - not necessarily the event itself)
● This changes the process of
○ BRACKETING - becomes self-reflexive
■ (meditating and reflecting on one’s own lenses/’thrownness’/understanding and
specifically naming these lenses)
● And thus, bracketing becomes cyclical (as noted in Smith et al.’s IPA)
● HP leads to:
○ Gadamer - hermeneutics and influence of language
○ Ricouer - language, linguistic phenomenology, textual & language analysis
○ Polkinghorne - narrative (moves into narrative research methods)
10. HPRM - Topics
● Captures the essence of the
○ (NOT about others experiences)
● Time limited
● Examples:
○ A Nurse’s experience of helping elderly person who is dying
○ A Teacher’s experience of discrimination within public
schools
○ A leader’s experience of deciding what type of leader to be in
an organization (the ‘decision point’)
● Notice → Focus is on a person, and that person’s experience
11. HPRM - Problem Statements
● What is the problem the study addresses? What is the GAP?
● Examples:
○ Lack of in-depth understanding
■ how a nurse copes with emotions while dealing with functional
aspects of monitoring and helping with death of an elderly person
○ Lack of specific description of experiences
■ of teachers who have been discriminated against by
administrators in public schools
○ Lack of understanding regarding the meaning making process
■ of a leader who assumes a temporary leadership role and who
must decide what type of leader to be within the organization.
12. HPRM - Purpose Statement
● The purpose of the study is to fill the GAP. The purpose statement tells this
purpose in clear, direct language.
● Examples:
○ The purpose of this HP study is to understand
■ how a nurse who is working with an elderly patient who is dying deals with her
emotions while focusing on necessary tasks.
○ The purpose of this HP study is the gather descriptions
■ of instances of discrimination toward teachers within public schools in order to
further understand the impact they have on the teachers who experience them
○ The purpose of this HP study is to gather rich description of the decision making
moment
■ of leaders who assume temporary leadership roles in order to better understand the
decision and meaning making process of the leader making the decision
13. HPRM – Research Questions
• The research question is the main question or questions of the study. These are NOT the
interview questions. The interview questions will attempt to collect data from participants
in order to answer the research questions.
• Examples:
• What is the lived experience of providing care for a dying elderly patient while
managing one’s own emotions and still completing necessary tasks?
• What is it like for school teachers to experience discrimination from administrators
within public schools?
• What is the decision making process like for leaders who assume a temporary
leadership role in an organization? (What is the lived experience of deciding what
type of leader to be, when a leader assumes a temporary leadership role in an
organization?)
14. A few intro references
Davidsen, A. S. (2013). Phenomenological Approaches in Psychology and Health
Sciences. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 10(3), 318–339.
http://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2011.608466
Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2009). Interpretative phenomenological analysis:
Theory, method, and research. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
Wertz, F. J., Charmaz, K., McMullen, L. M., Josselson, R., Anderson, R., & McSpadden,
E. (2011). Five ways of doing qualitative analysis: Phenomenological psychology,
grounded theory, discourse analysis, narrative research, and intuitive inquiry. New
York, NY: The Guilford Press.
15. BUT...
You will need to read the original texts to become proficient, if you choose this as
your method. These texts will include:
● Philosophy texts
○ Husserl (Logical investigations)
○ Heiddeger (such as Inwood’s Heidegger: A very short introduction or
Heiddeger’s Being in Time)
○ Gadamer, Ricoeur
● Research methods texts
○ Giorgi (Phenomenology and psychological research; The descriptive
phenomenological method in psychology: A modified Husserlian approach)
○ Others such as: Valle, Straus, Wertz, Aanstoos, Churchill, Polkinghorn
16. Transcendental Phenomenology
When I think of this type of phenomenology, I think of a Zen moment because there is a
lot of reflecting in transcendental phenomenology.
● Transcendental allows the researcher to reflect on what participants said
(Moustakas, 1994).
● Epoche and bracketing are used to gain a fresh perspective on what was said
(Husserl 1931; Moustakas, 1994; Solowski, 2000)
● Uses more intuition and imagination to form pictures of the phenomenon.
● See experiences through the participant’s eyes, to understand what it was like for
participants.
● Want to look for the “wholeness of the experience” rather than the smaller parts
(Moustakas, p. 22).
17. Transcendental Purpose Statement
● As Ryan stated, the purpose of the study it to fill the GAP. The purpose statement tells the
purpose in a clear, direct manner.
● Examples:
● The purpose of this transcendental study is to develop a deeper understanding of the emotions
associated with the personal commitment of rural volunteer firefighters.
● The purpose of this transcendental study is to understand the daily-lived experiences of young
leaders, ages 20-40 who supervise mature employees, and ages 50-75.
● The purpose of this transcendental study is to explore the lived experiences of employees who
were victims of cyberbullying in the workplace.
18. Transcendental Topics
● Moving beyond the everyday experience to a place where one can find a fresh perspective, or for
the first time.
● Setting aside prejudice or preconceived ideas about the phenomenon.
● Transcendental phenomenology allows the individual to stand away from the experience and
reflect on what has been said (Moustakas, 1994).
19. Trans. - Research Questions
● The research question is the main question or questions of the study. These
are NOT the interview questions. The interview questions will attempt to
collect data from participants in order to answer the research questions.
● Examples:
○ Sample research questions might be:
■ What is the lived experience of Muslim students matriculating
universities in the United States?
■ How do women addicted to drugs make sense of their experiences
with addiction?
■ How do students experience and understand academic advising?
20. Tips for working with other cultures
Culture can be defined in many ways. When we enter a group that we have no experience
with, we have to be careful.
1. Be respectful-- do not approach a group like you’re going to fix them.
2. Learn about the culture before you enter into it.
3. Let go of bias as much as possible.
4. Develop trust before you start the study.
5. Realize you may be looked at with suspicion or scrutiny -- don’t be offended.
6. Be flexible using the “rules” of research -- they are set up by dominant culture and do
not always fit every group.
21. Phenomenology: Multiple interviews
and Probing questions
Typically, a PRM researcher uses only a few initiating questions, with each followed
by probing questions that are based on the participant’s response. Because I have
personal interest in knowing more about Parkinson’s Disease, I’ve thought about
some questions that I might use if I were to conduct a phenomenological study of the
lived experiences of members of a local Parkinson’s support group.
Initial Question 1: What is it like living with Parkinson’s Disease?
Initial Question 2: What changes do you experience as your Parkinson’s progresses?
22. Phenomenology: Multiple interviews
and Probing questions (cont.)
For each response given, probing questions could be Can you tell me more about
that? What is an example of how that happens? You mentioned XXX, how do you
feel when that happens?
Both researcher and participant can benefit from time to reflect on previous
questions and answers and then having follow-up interviews to ask additional
probing questions. A researcher might ask, In our first interview you mentioned an
instance of xxx, have you thought of any more examples of that?
Probing questions can be directive or non-directive.
Learn more at:
https://www.coursera.org/lecture/qualitativ
e-methods/4-5-probing-and-prompting-
5PRrm
23. Some differences between PRM and other qualitative
designs:
Multiple sources of data are
used in case studies. In PRM
studies, multiple interviews of
the same participants are used.
Sources of data in other qualitative
designs can be interviews/focus
groups, documentation, direct
observations, participant
observation, and physical artifacts.
Face to face interviews with the
person who experienced the
phenomenon is the primary data
collection method in PRM. (Diaries
and other personal texts are
sometimes used in hermeneutical
phenomenology but this restricts the
researcher’s ability to follow up with
probing questions.)
In some qualitative designs, a goal of
data collection is saturation. In PRM
the focus is more on getting deep,
rich data from a small group of (3-8)
participants by interviewing each
person two or more times.
Participants describe their own
experiences andincrease their own
awareness of their feelings about the
lived experience.
24. A narrative inquiry study is
more about gathering
participants’ stories about
their experiences, while the
focus of a PRM study is how
the experience has shaped
their views or the meaning
they assign to the
phenomenon.
Narrative Inquiry
In Delphi studies the
participants are experts on
the phenomenon of interest.
PRM requires only that the
participants had the lived
experience.
Delphi Case Studies Hermeneutics
A hermeneutical study focuses
on interviewing a larger set of
participants (12-16+) regarding
an experience, with textual
analysis of the transcripts to
come up with underlying
meaning (often expressed as
themes). It also uses the
hermeneutical ‘turn’ or cycle.
Can ALSO be purely text based.
In case studies, one works with
a bounded system and
collects at least 3 types of
artifacts (sets of data) such as
interviews, policy manuals,
outcome measures, etcetera.
PRM works with a specific
experience.
Some differences between PRM and other qualitative
designs: (continued)
25. Phenomenology Resources/References
Davidsen, A. S. (2013). Phenomenological Approaches in Psychology and Health Sciences. Qualitative Research in
Psychology, 10(3), 318–339. http://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2011.608466
Giorgi, A. (2007). Concerning the phenomenological methods of Husserl and Heidegger and their application in
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26. Phenomenology Resources/References (cont.)
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28. Next webinar
Auto Ethnography
August 16, 2018 4 PM Phoenix time, 6 PM Central, 7 PM Eastern
Dr. Jim Lane will share his expertise and experience with
this research design.
Editor's Notes
Karen
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Karen (The full references for these texts are are found in the References list slides at the end of the presentation.
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Karen Students, faculty, and some reviewers may read generalists and try to apply general qualitative practices to PRN, but not all apply. .