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LECOM-Pharmacy Immunology 5 & 6 Adaptive (acquired) immune response Antigen & Antibody  Dr. Saber Hussein
Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learning Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Antigenicity & Immunogenicity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Features of an Immunogen ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ab cross-reactions with different Ags ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Haptens, Antigenic Determinants (Epitopes) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ab Carrier Hapten
Haptens &Antigenic Determinants ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ag recognized by T lymphocytes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Antigens recognized by B lymphocytes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Antigens recognized by B lymphocytes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Antigens recognized by B lymphocytes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Antigen Capture and Presentation to Lymphocytes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fig. 3-1
The capture and display of microbial antigens ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fig. 3-2
The capture and presentation of protein antigens by dendritic cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fig 3-4 Langerhans cells
Properties of MHC molecules and genes ,[object Object],Fig 3-8
Role of MHC in Antigen Presentation to T Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) m
MHC Restriction of T Cells ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What Regions of  HLA  Complex Encode MHC I & MHC II? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
What kind of T cell do we see here? Antigen-MHC Class II Complex
Fig 4-1 : Properties of antibodies and T cell antigen receptors (TCRs) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig 4-1 CD4,8 Fig 4-1 T cell B cell
Fig 4-1     : zeta )
Fig 4-2: The structure of antibodies ,[object Object],[object Object]
Fig 4-2
Fig 4-3:  Features of the major isotypes (classes) of antibodies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig 4-3:  Features of the major isotypes of Abs Breast-fed neonates get it with the  mother’s milk Antiparasitic  activity with mother’s  milk
Fig 4-3:  Features of the major isotypes of Abs Diagnostic for  acute infections
                                                                                        
Polyclonal & Monoclonal Abs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Three dimensional representation of the IgG molecule IgG molecule
IgG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pentameric structure of IgM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dimeric structure of IgA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],J chain Secretory  component
Secretory IgA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IgE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
IgD ,[object Object],[object Object]
Primary Ag-Ab reaction ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Fig 4-4:  Binding of an Ag by an Ab   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Chemical forces foster Ab-Ag ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Secondary Ag-Ab reaction & Secondary response  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Lattice formation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ag Ab
Affinity & Avidity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Affinity maturity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Monoclonal Ab production ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Humoral Immune Response
B cells produce Abs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clonal selection ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Abs and their diversity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Abs Diversity (con) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The immune system creates billions of different Abs with a limited number of genes  by rearranging DNA segments during B cell development , prior to Ag exposure.  Mutation can also increase genetic variation in Abs Abs Diversity Heavy chain Light chain
Ab Class switching ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ab Class switching to produce IgA

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Pharm immuno5-6serv adaptive immune response ag-ab

Editor's Notes

  1. Dendritic cells at different stages of their maturation may express different membrane proteins Immature dendritic cells express surface receptors that capture microbial antigens Mature dendritic cells express high levels of MHC molecules and costimulators, which function to stimulate T cells (skin, in the example shown, where the dendritic cells are called Langerhans cells)
  2. (IgG subclasses are given different names in other species, for historical reasons; in mice, they are called IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3.) Light chains may be lambda or kappa. The five major classes of heavy chain are IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE. Each of these classes differ in their locations in our body and how they stimulate the innate system to remove antigen.
  3. Three dimensional representation of the IgG molecule
  4. Digestion of IgG with papain produces 2 identical fragments: Fab fragments, are capable of binding Ag because they contain the Ag-binding site, and a third fragment composed of H chain only. It crystallizes in the cold, hence the name: Fc fragment
  5. lattice (l²t“¹s) n. 1.a. An open framework made of strips of metal, wood, or similar material overlapped or overlaid in a regular, usually crisscross pattern. b. A structure, such as a window, screen, or trellis, made of or containing such a framework. 2. Something, such as a decorative motif or heraldic bearing, that resembles an open, patterned framework. 3. Physics. a. A regular, periodic configuration of points, particles, or objects throughout an area or a space, especially the arrangement of ions or molecules in a crystalline solid. b. The spatial arrangement of fissionable and nonfissionable materials in a nuclear reactor. --lat·tice tr.v. lat·ticed , lat·tic·ing , lat·tic·es . To construct or furnish with a lattice or latticework. [Middle English latis , from Old French lattis , from latte , lath, of Germanic origin.] --lat“ticed adj. ag·glu·ti·na·tion (…-gl›t”n-³“sh…n) n. 1. The act or process of agglutinating; adhesion of distinct parts. 2. A clumped mass of material formed by agglutination. Also called agglutinate. 3. Linguistics. The formation of words from morphemes that retain their original forms and meanings with little change during the combination process. 4. The clumping together of red blood cells or bacteria, usually in response to a particular antibody.
  6. K = Equilibrium constant = Association constant = Ab affinity The higher [Ag..Ab], the larger is K (the associated Ab and Ag), the higher is affinity of the Ab to the Ag.
  7. K = Equilibrium constant = Association constant = Ab affinity The higher [Ag..Ab], the larger is K (the associated Ab and Ag), the higher is affinity of the Ab to the Ag.
  8. Lymph node cells may be used for cell suspension in addition to spleen cells
  9. So how much variation is possible through recombining gene fragments? Over 15,000,000 combinations of Variable, Diversity and Joining gene segments are possible. Imprecise recombination and mutation increase the variability into billions of possible combinations.