Personalized medicine aims to provide the right treatment to the right patient based on their genetic makeup and other individual characteristics. It involves using genetic or other molecular testing to classify individuals into subgroups that differ in their susceptibility to a particular disease or their response to a specific treatment. The goal is to prevent or cure disease through early detection and intervention, while avoiding unnecessary treatment by targeting drugs to those who will benefit most. Pharmacogenomics plays a key role by studying how a person's genetic inheritance affects the body's response to drugs. This enables more precise predictions about a drug's safety and efficacy for an individual. The advantages include reduced disease burden, improved drug efficacy, and lower healthcare costs through targeted therapies.

1. PERSONALISED MEDICINE
PRESENTED BY:
Praveen kumar Jyotha
Roll no :18421S0303
M.Pharmacy 1st year
Sri Padmavathi School Of Pharmacy
Tiruchanoor ,Tirupathi. 1

2. CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• DEFINITION
• NEED
• PHARMACOGENITICS
• FRAMEWORK
• ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• CONCLUSION
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3.  The concept of personalized medicine came back many hundreds of
years.
 Developments in chemistry, histochemistry and microscopy allowed
scientists to begin to understand the underlying causes of disease.
 Sequencing of the human genome at the turn of the 21st century
set in motion the transformation of personalized medicine from an
idea to a practice
INTRODUCTION
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4. The term “personalized medicine” is often described
as providing
the right patient
with the right drug
at the right dose
at the right time
DEFINITION
PM is also called as
Precision medicine
Stratified medicine
Targeted medicine
Pharmacogenomics
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5. NEED FOR PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
• Similar symptoms but different illness
• Medical interventions may work in some people but not in
others
• 40% of drugs that are taken are not effective
• Advances in genomics helps to treat a patient precisely
and effectively
• To avoid any allergic and adverse effects.
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6. As we know… … people vary from one another in many ways:
person
types and amount of
stress they experience
what they eat
exposure to
environmental
factors
their DNA
Many of these variations play a role in health and disease
HOW DOES IT WORK??
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7. Genetic
information
which Provides entire detaills
about a person's susceptibility of
response to
treatment
course of
disease
developing
disease
Clinical
information
Genomic
information
PM involves identifying
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8. • Pharmacokinetics –What the body does to the Drug ?
(Fateof drug in the body)
Absorption,
Distribution,
Metabolism and
Excretion of drugs (ADME)
• Pharmacodynamics – What the drug does to the body?
(Mechanism of drug action )
• Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics are essential to
assess the drug efficacy.
PM INVOLVES
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9. PHARMACOGENOMICS
 The study of variations of DNA and RNA characteristics as related to
drug responsive is a critically important area of personalized
medicine
 Seeks to understand how differences in genes and their expression
affect the body’s response to medications.
 Uses genetic information (such as DNA sequence, gene expression,
and copy number) for purposes of explaining inter individual
differences in drug metabolism (pharmacokinetics) and physiological
drug response (pharmacodynamics).
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10. It deals with Polymorphism – an area of DNA sequence that
varies from person to person
• “Single nucleotide polymorphism” (SNP) – a polymorphism
in which a single base in the DNA differs from the usual base
at that position
• “Copy number variant” (CNV) – a polymorphism in which
the number of repeats of a DNA sequence at a location varies
from person to person
PHARMACOGENETICS
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11. ROLE
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12. GENETIC TESTS
• CYP 450 genotyping test :-
Determine how quickly and effectively these agents are eliminated
from the body.
• Thiopurine methyltransferase test :-
Breaks down a chemotherapy drug called thiopurine to treat
leukaemia's and autoimmune disorders.
.
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15. ADVANTAGES
• Reduce the burden of disease
• Focuses on prevention
• Diminishes the duration and severity of illness
• Reduces health care costs
• Increases benefits and reduces risks
• Improved efficacy of drugs
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16. DISADVANTAGES
• Incorrect diagnostic result
• Genetic variations are numerous and
quantitative
• Not yet widely available
• People do not opt for personalized medicine
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17. • Health systems will turn from Reactive medicine to
Proactively understanding and supporting individuals in
managing their own health.
• Increasing the number of alliances between Diagnostic
and Pharmaceutical companies.
• Move from Mass market therapies to Specialist
Therapies
CONCLUSION
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18. PJ
PJ