This document discusses various aspects of personality including: - The "Big Five" personality traits that influence behavior and lend consistency. - Locus of control, which refers to whether people believe they have control over what happens to them or external factors do. - Self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-monitoring as aspects of personality. - Personality types including Type A and Type B, and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator which assesses preferences on extraversion/introversion, sensing/intuition, thinking/feeling, and judging/perceiving scales.

1. PERSONALITY

2. Personality
The relatively stable set of characteristics
that influences an individual’s behavior
and lend it consistency.

3. Big Five Personality Traits

4. Personality Characteristics
in Organizations
Locus of Control
Internal External
I control what
happens to me!
People and
circumstances
control my fate!

5. Choose A or B for each item:
1. a. Becoming a success is a matter of hard work; luck has
little or nothing to do with it.
b. Getting a good job depends mainly on being in the right
place at the right time.
2. a. The average citizen can have an influence in
government decisions.
b. This world is run by the few people in power, and there
is not much the little guy can
do about it.
Beyond the Book:
What’s Your Locus of Control?

6. Self-Efficacy
beliefs and expectations about one’s
ability to accomplish a specific task
effectively

7. Self-Esteem
Success tends
to increase
self-esteem
Failure tends
to decrease
self-esteem
Individuals’ degree of liking or disliking
themselves.

8. Self-Monitoring
A personality trait that measures
an individuals ability to adjust his
or her behavior to external,
situational factors.

9. Personality Types
Type A’s
1. are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly;
2. feel impatient with the rate at which most events take place;
3. strive to think or do two or more things at once;
4. cannot cope with leisure time;
5. are obsessed with numbers, measuring their success in
terms of how many or how much of everything they acquire.
Type B’s
1. never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its
accompanying impatience;
2. feel no need to display or discuss either their achievements
or accomplishments;
3. play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit their
superiority at any cost;
4. can relax without guilt.

10. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
In the 1940’s, Myers and Briggs
developed the MBTI to understand
individual differences by analyzing
the combinations of preferences.

11. MBTI Preferences
Preferences Represents
Extraversion Introversion How one
re-energizes
Sensing Intuiting How one gathers
information
Thinking Feeling How one makes
decisions
Judging Perceiving How one orients to the
outer world

12. Extrovert
• Act first, think/reflect
later
• Feel deprived when cutoff
from interaction with the
outside world
• Usually open to and
motivated by outside
world of people and things
• Enjoy wide variety and
change in people
relationships
Introvert
• Think/reflect first, then
Act
• Regularly require an
amount of "private time"
to recharge batteries
• Motivated internally,
mind is sometimes so
active it is "closed" to
outside world
• Prefer one-to-one
communication and
relationships

13. Sensing
• Mentally live in the Now,
attending to present
opportunities
• Using common sense and
creating practical
solutions is automatic-
instinctual
• Memory recall is rich in
detail of facts and past
events
Intuitive
• Mentally live in the
Future, attending to
future possibilities
• Using imagination and
creating/inventing new
possibilities is
automatic-instinctual
• Memory recall
emphasizes patterns,
contexts, and
connections

14. Thinking
• Instinctively search for facts
and logic in a decision
situation.
• Naturally notices tasks and
work to be accomplished.
• Easily able to provide an
objective and critical
analysis.
• Accept conflict as a natural,
normal part of relationships
with people.
Feeling
• Instinctively employ
personal feelings and
impact on people in
decision situations
• Naturally sensitive to
people needs and
reactions.
• Naturally seek
consensus and
popular opinions.
• Unsettled by conflict;
have almost a toxic
reaction to
disharmony.

15. Judging
• Plan many of the details in
advance before moving
into action.
• Focus on task-related
action; complete
meaningful segments
before moving on.
• Work best and avoid stress
when able to keep ahead of
deadlines.
• Naturally use targets,
dates and standard
routines to manage life.
Perceiving
• Comfortable moving
into action without a
plan; plan on-the-go.
• Like to multitask, have
variety, mix work and
play.
• Naturally tolerant of
time pressure; work
best close to the
deadlines.
• Instinctively avoid
commitments which
interfere with
flexibility, freedom and
variety

16. MBTI Scales
ISTJ ISFJ INFJ INTJ
ISTP ISFP INFP INTP
ESTP ESFP ENFP ENTP
ESTJ ESFJ ENFJ ENTJ
Introverts
Extraverts
Sensing Types Intuitive Types