This document provides information about personality types and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) assessment. It discusses how Carl Jung created typological theory and how Isabel Briggs Myers developed the MBTI questionnaire. It then covers the four dichotomies measured by the MBTI (Extraversion/Introversion, Sensing/Intuition, Thinking/Feeling, Judging/Perceiving), describes each of the 16 personality types, and explains how the types prefer to use their dominant, auxiliary, tertiary and inferior cognitive functions.

2. Why do people do psychological
testing?
• Work
• Relationships
• Personal growth

3. What is personality type?
• Personality type is what you prefer when you
are using your mind or focusing your
attention.

4. C.G.Jung and MBTI
• Carl Gustav Jung created typological theory
• Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers
created the questionnaire
• Original idea to help women who were
entering the industrial workforce

5. Attitudes

6. Attitudes

7. Functions

8. Functions

9. What is personality type?
• Personality type is what you prefer when you
are using your mind or focusing your
attention.
• But.. Type is more than just the sum of the
four preferences.

10. Type dynamics
• One preference has the most influence on you.
This is called the dominant function.
• The next strongest preference is called
the auxiliary (helper) function. It is important
because it serves to support and balance the
dominant.
• The third strongest is the tertiary (helpers
helper) function.
• One preference is the least strong. This is
the fourth function, often called the inferior
function.

11. Dominant Function
• Captain of the ship
• Extraverts use their dominant function in the
outer world
• Introverts use their dominant function in their
inner world

12. Auxiliary function (Helper)
• First mate on the ship
• Extraverts use their auxiliary function in the
inner world
• Introverts use their auxiliary function in their
outer world

13. How does the auxiliary balance the
dominant function?

14. Function pair
• ST – objective, analytic, focus on realities
practical applications. Business, management,
banking, applied sciences, construction,
production, police, and the military.
• SF – warm, people-oriented, focus on realities
and has sympathetic approach to people.
Clergy, teaching, health care, child care, sales
and office work, and personal services.

15. Function pair
• NF – warm and enthusiastic. Focus on the
abstract ideas , and an understanding of others.
Arts, the clergy, counseling and psychology,
writing, education, research, and health care.
• NT - logical and objective, has an impersonal and
analytical approach to ideas, information and
people. Law, computers, the arts, engineering,
management, and technical work.

16. Judging/Perceiving
• Shows your orientation to the outer world
• Sometimes people feel they have both. That is
true. The J or P preference only tells which
preference the person extraverts.
• Don't confuse Judging and Perceiving with a
person's level of organization. Either
preference can be organized.

17. Tertiary function (helpers helper)
• The opposite function from the auxiliary
function
• The question arises in life, is this all there is?
• The tertiary function can guide you toward
areas of your life you have avoided, areas that
require skills you do not feel comfortable
using.

18. Inferior function
• Emerges without conscious intention
• Manifests under stress, when resources of the
dominant and auxiliary are exhausted
• It often feels like being out of control
• Opposite of your dominant function

20. Extraverted Thinking
• Seeks logic and consistency in the outside world.
• Concern for external laws and rules
• Rely heavily on concrete thoughts
• Mathematicians and engineers make frequent
use of extraverted thinking in their work.
• Not all objective thinking, however, is productive.
Without at least some individual interpretation,
ideas are merely previously known facts with no
originality or creativity.

21. Introverted Thinking
• Seeks internal consistency and logic of ideas.
• Trusts his or her internal framework, which may
be difficult to explain to others.
• Interprets events by the internal meaning they
bring with them than by the objective facts
themselves.
• Inventors and philosophers are often introverted
thinking
types because they react to the external world in
a highly subjective and creative manner,
interpreting old data in new ways

22. Extraverted Feeling
• Seeks harmony with and between people in the
outside world. Interpersonal and cultural values
are important.
• Use objective data to make evaluations.
• They are guided by external values and widely
accepted standards of judgment.
• They are likely to be at ease in social situations,
knowing on the spur of the moment what to say
and how to say it.
• Business people or politicians

23. Introverted Feeling
• Seeks harmony of action and thoughts with
personal values. May not always articulate those
values.
• Base their value judgments primarily on
subjective perceptions rather than objective
facts.
• Ignore traditional opinions and beliefs.
• Critics of the various art forms make much use of
introverted feeling, making value judgments on
the basis of subjective individualized data.

24. Extraverted Sensing
• Acts on concrete data from here and now.
Trusts the present, then lets it go.
• Perceive external stimuli objectively, in much
the same way that these stimuli exist in
reality.
• Occupations as proofreader, house painter,
wine taster, or any other job demanding
sensory discriminations similar to most
people.

25. Introverted Sensing
• Compares present facts and experiences to
past experience. Trusts the past. Stores
sensory data for future use.
• Largely influenced by their subjective
sensations of sight, sound, taste, touch.
• They are guided by their interpretation of
sense stimuli rather than the stimuli
themselves
• Artists rely on an introverted-sensing attitude

26. Extraverted Intuition
• Sees possibilities in the external world. Trusts
flashes from the unconscious, which can then be
shared with others.
• Intuitive people suppress many of their
sensations and are guided by hunches and
guesses contrary to sensory data.
• Inventors who must inhibit distracting sensory
data and concentrate on unconscious solutions to
objective problems. They may create things that
fill a need few other people realized existed.

27. Introverted intuitive
• Looks at consistency of ideas and thoughts with
an internal framework. Trusts flashes from the
unconscious, which may be hard for others to
understand.
• Guided by unconscious perception of facts that
are basically subjective and have little or no
resemblance to external reality.
• Introverted intuitive people, such as mystics,
prophets, surrealistic artists, or religious fanatics,
often appear peculiar to people of other types
who have little comprehension of their motives.

28. Functions

29. Type development
• Dominant generally develops up to age 7
• Auxiliary up to age 20
• Tertiary in the 30s and 40s
• Inferior or fourth function at midlife or later.

30. ISTJ
• Quiet, serious, earn success by thoroughness
and dependability. Practical, matter-of-fact,
realistic, and responsible. Decide logically
what should be done and work toward it
steadily, regardless of distractions. Take
pleasure in making everything orderly and
organized - their work, their home, their life.
Value traditions and loyalty.

31. ISFJ
• Quiet, friendly, responsible, and
conscientious. Committed and steady in
meeting their obligations. Thorough and
accurate. Loyal, considerate, notice and
remember specifics about people who are
important to them, concerned with how
others feel. Strive to create an orderly and
harmonious environment at work and at
home.

32. INFJ
• Seek meaning and connection in ideas,
relationships, and material possessions. Want
to understand what motivates people and are
insightful about others. Conscientious and
committed to their firm values. Develop a
clear vision about how best to serve the
common good. Organized and decisive in
implementing their vision.

33. INTJ
• Have original minds and great drive for
implementing their ideas and achieving their
goals. Quickly see patterns in external events
and develop long-range explanatory
perspectives. When committed, organize a job
and carry it through. Skeptical and
independent, have high standards of
competence and performance - for
themselves and others.

34. ISTP
• Tolerant and flexible, quiet observers until a
problem appears, then act quickly to find
workable solutions. Analyze what makes
things work and readily get through large
amounts of data to isolate the core of
practical problems. Interested in cause and
effect, organize facts using logical principles,
value efficiency.

35. ISFP
• Quiet, friendly, sensitive, and kind. Enjoy the
present moment, what's going on around
them. Like to have their own space and to
work within their own time frame. Loyal and
committed to their values and to people who
are important to them. Dislike disagreements
and conflicts, do not force their opinions or
values on others.

36. INFP
• Idealistic, loyal to their values and to people
who are important to them. Want an external
life that is congruent with their values.
Curious, quick to see possibilities, can be
catalysts for implementing ideas. Seek to
understand people and to help them fulfill
their potential. Adaptable, flexible, and
accepting unless a value is threatened.

37. INTP
• Seek to develop logical explanations for
everything that interests them. Theoretical
and abstract, interested more in ideas than in
social interaction. Quiet, contained, flexible,
and adaptable. Have unusual ability to focus in
depth to solve problems in their area of
interest. Skeptical, sometimes critical, always
analytical.

38. ESTP
• Flexible and tolerant, they take a pragmatic
approach focused on immediate results.
Theories and conceptual explanations bore
them - they want to act energetically to solve
the problem. Focus on the here-and-now,
spontaneous, enjoy each moment that they
can be active with others. Enjoy material
comforts and style. Learn best through doing.

39. ESFP
• Outgoing, friendly, and accepting. Exuberant
lovers of life, people, and material comforts.
Enjoy working with others to make things
happen. Bring common sense and a realistic
approach to their work, and make work fun.
Flexible and spontaneous, adapt readily to
new people and environments. Learn best by
trying a new skill with other people.

40. ENFP
• Warmly enthusiastic and imaginative. See life
as full of possibilities. Make connections
between events and information very quickly,
and confidently proceed based on the
patterns they see. Want a lot of affirmation
from others, and readily give appreciation and
support. Spontaneous and flexible, often rely
on their ability to improvise and their verbal
fluency.

41. ENTP
• Quick, ingenious, stimulating, alert, and
outspoken. Resourceful in solving new and
challenging problems. Adept at generating
conceptual possibilities and then analyzing
them strategically. Good at reading other
people. Bored by routine, will seldom do the
same thing the same way, apt to turn to one
new interest after another.

42. ESTJ
• Practical, realistic, matter-of-fact. Decisive,
quickly move to implement decisions.
Organize projects and people to get things
done, focus on getting results in the most
efficient way possible. Take care of routine
details. Have a clear set of logical standards,
systematically follow them and want others to
also. Forceful in implementing their plans.

43. ESFJ
• Warmhearted, conscientious, and
cooperative. Want harmony in their
environment, work with determination to
establish it. Like to work with others to
complete tasks accurately and on time. Loyal,
follow through even in small matters. Notice
what others need in their day-by-day lives and
try to provide it. Want to be appreciated for
who they are and for what they contribute.

44. ENFJ
• Warm, empathetic, responsive, and
responsible. Highly attuned to the emotions,
needs, and motivations of others. Find
potential in everyone, want to help others
fulfill their potential. May act as catalysts for
individual and group growth. Loyal, responsive
to praise and criticism. Sociable, facilitate
others in a group, and provide inspiring
leadership.

45. ENTJ
• Frank, decisive, assume leadership readily.
Quickly see illogical and inefficient procedures
and policies, develop and implement
comprehensive systems to solve
organizational problems. Enjoy long-term
planning and goal setting. Usually well
informed, well read, enjoy expanding their
knowledge and passing it on to others.
Forceful in presenting their ideas.