Hygiene is important for preserving health. Personal hygiene involves practices like hand washing to avoid infection. Microbes are found everywhere, including in soil, water, and on humans and animals. There are different types of microbes like bacteria, archaea, fungi, protista, and viruses. It is important to practice good hygiene like regularly washing hands, especially after using the bathroom or handling raw food, and keeping wounds covered to prevent the spread of bacteria and diseases.

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What is Hygiene?
Hygiene is the science of preserving and protecting your health.
Exp: personal hygiene, dental hygiene, food hygiene, medical hygiene…
What is Personal Hygiene?
The Various methods a person takes to avoid infection,
maintain cleanliness and ensure good health.

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Microbes can be found virtually everywhere. They are in the air, the
soil, and water, and in and on plants and animals, including us.
A single teaspoon of topsoil contains about a billion bacterial cells (and
about 120,000 fungal cells and some 25,000 algal cells).
The human mouth is home to more than 500 species of bacteria.
Microbes: is a microorganism, esp. a bacterium causing disease or
fermentation.
Where Can We find Microbes?

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Archaea
These bacteria look-alikes are living fossils that are
providing clues to the earliest forms of life on Earth.
Bacteria
Often dismissed as “germs” that cause illness,
bacteria help us do an amazing array of useful things,
like make vitamins, break down some types of
garbage, and maintain our atmosphere.
Fungi
From a single-celled yeast to a 3.5-mile-wide mushroom,
fungi do everything from helping to bake bread to
recycling to decomposing waste.
Protista
Plant-like algae produce much of the oxygen we
breathe; animal-like protozoa (including the famous
amoeba) help maintain the balance of microbial life.
Viruses
Unable to do much of anything on their own, viruses go
into host cells to reproduce, often wreaking havoc and
causing disease. Their ability to move genetic information
from one cell to another makes them useful for cloning
DNA and could provide a way to deliver gene therapy.
Microbial Mergers
Mergers and collaborations on a minute scale paved
the way for higher life forms. Today, symbioses (the
scientific terms for these mergers) help fertilize
plants, construct coral reefs, and help us digest food.

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1. Washing Hands
Our hands can contains lots of harmful
bacteria, that could cause diseases.
Exp: 1) Hepatitis A that can cause jaundice and
diarrhea
2) Pseudomonas that can infect wounds
3) Shigella that can cause diarrhea
4) Haemophilus that can cause pinkeye (highly
contagious.

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7. After Visiting Toilet
On entering the food room, after a break
and before handling any food
After putting on or changing a dressing
After combing or touching the hair, the
face, nose, mouth or ears
After sneezing or using the tissue
Before and after handling raw food (meat,
poultry…)
After Handling waste food
After using detergents
After cleaning the tables or the dirty
utensils
After touching your cloth or apron
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2. Sanitizer

9. Hand Sanitizer is not a
replacement for washing hands
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10. Cuts and wounds and wounds should be covered with a
waterproof dressing. The plasters should be coloured so
they can be easily identified if they fall into food.
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3. Protecting the wounds

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4. Grooming

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1. Gloves
Wearing disposable gloves is essential specially when handling ready to eat food,
but it should be used in a proper manner.
a) Always wash your hands before putting on the gloves, otherwise it will
be infected by your dirty hands
b) Change your gloves anytime you need to wash your hands:
1) After touching your body
2) After using the toilet
3) After eating or drinking
4) After handling raw food
5) After using or touching dirty equipment or utensils
6) After any other activities that contaminate your gloves

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2. Cover you Hair using hair net or special cap
Make sure to cover your ears
3. Face Mask when handling raw food

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4. Clean and Suitable Uniform
Kitchen suitable uniform:
1) Hat or Hair net
2) Long sleeve jacket
3) Suitable pants
4) Apron
5) Safety shoes
N.B. : the uniform is only for work, street cloth and shoes
are for outside

15. Inform your supervisor if you exhibit the any of the
following symptoms:
jaundice (yellowing of eyes and skin)
diarrhea
vomiting
fever
sore throat with fever
boils or cuts
discharges from ears, nose or eyes
excessive coughing or sneezing
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No jewelry when preparing food. (rings, earing,
necklace …)
Flip flop are banned
Eating and smoking are prohibit at work place.

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