penicillin
ampicillin
antibiotic
beta lactam
bacterocidal
cell wall
gram positive
gram negative
second world war
Alexander Fleming
first antibiotic
angieoedema
Penicillin V
Penicillin G
Benzathine Penicillin
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic:Tetracycline,four cyclic rings,Physicochemical Properties,Classification-According to source and Based on Duration of action ,Mechanism of action-30S ribosomes ,Inhibit protein synthesis,Antimicrobial spectrum
Resistance
Adverse effects
Precautions,Uses by snehal chakorkar
Broad spectrum antibiotics chloramphenicol, anaerobic,soil bacteria. Description includes Physicochemical Properties,Mechanism of action-50S ribosome ,Inhibits Bacterial protein synthesis,Resistance,Interactions,Indications of chloramphenicol-Pyogenic meningitis.
Anaerobic infections.
Intraocular infections.
Enteric fever
Drug of choice in some conditions.
Urinary tract infections
Topically In conjunctivitis & external ear Infections. Snehal chakorkar
Broad Spectrum Antibiotic:Tetracycline,four cyclic rings,Physicochemical Properties,Classification-According to source and Based on Duration of action ,Mechanism of action-30S ribosomes ,Inhibit protein synthesis,Antimicrobial spectrum
Resistance
Adverse effects
Precautions,Uses by snehal chakorkar
Broad spectrum antibiotics chloramphenicol, anaerobic,soil bacteria. Description includes Physicochemical Properties,Mechanism of action-50S ribosome ,Inhibits Bacterial protein synthesis,Resistance,Interactions,Indications of chloramphenicol-Pyogenic meningitis.
Anaerobic infections.
Intraocular infections.
Enteric fever
Drug of choice in some conditions.
Urinary tract infections
Topically In conjunctivitis & external ear Infections. Snehal chakorkar
The most common mode of action for antibiotics is the inhibition of cell wall synthesis. Antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis work because of the fact that most eubacteria have peptidoglycan-based cell walls but mammals do not. Growth is prevented by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis. Thus these antibiotics only work for actively growing bacteria. The cell wall of new bacteria that grew in the presence of cell-wall-synthesis inhibitors is deprived of peptidoglycan. These bacteria will be subjected to osmotic lysis.In addition, gram-negative bacteria generally are less susceptible to inhibitors of cell wall synthesis than are gram-positive bacteria. In the former cell wall synthesis inhibitors fail to reach the cell wall because they are blocked by the gram-negative outer membrane.Penicillin is the classic example of an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis. Other examples include: ampicillin, bacitracin, carbapenems, cephalosporin, methicillin, oxacillin and vancomycin
Pharmacology of Penicllins (Beta lactam antibiotics), description of their mechanism of action, mechanism of resistance, classification, indications and adverse effects
synthetic antimicrobials having a quinolone structure that are active primarily against gram-negative bacteria, though newer fluorinated compounds also inhibit gram-positive ones.
Penicillin Classification, Mechanism of Action, Structure Activity Relationship, Structure of Penicillins, penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) functional propertiesCross-linking of the peptidoglycan by transpeptidases, Cross-linking of the peptidoglycan by transpeptidases, Shape of penicillin G Penicillin SAR AcylSide Chain Modifications Instability of β-lactams to nucleophiles
Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins Protein Binding of Penicillins
In this presentation, here is description of what antibiotics are and how they are produced by different methods, their uses etc. with suitable examples.
The most common mode of action for antibiotics is the inhibition of cell wall synthesis. Antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis work because of the fact that most eubacteria have peptidoglycan-based cell walls but mammals do not. Growth is prevented by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis. Thus these antibiotics only work for actively growing bacteria. The cell wall of new bacteria that grew in the presence of cell-wall-synthesis inhibitors is deprived of peptidoglycan. These bacteria will be subjected to osmotic lysis.In addition, gram-negative bacteria generally are less susceptible to inhibitors of cell wall synthesis than are gram-positive bacteria. In the former cell wall synthesis inhibitors fail to reach the cell wall because they are blocked by the gram-negative outer membrane.Penicillin is the classic example of an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis. Other examples include: ampicillin, bacitracin, carbapenems, cephalosporin, methicillin, oxacillin and vancomycin
Pharmacology of Penicllins (Beta lactam antibiotics), description of their mechanism of action, mechanism of resistance, classification, indications and adverse effects
synthetic antimicrobials having a quinolone structure that are active primarily against gram-negative bacteria, though newer fluorinated compounds also inhibit gram-positive ones.
Penicillin Classification, Mechanism of Action, Structure Activity Relationship, Structure of Penicillins, penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) functional propertiesCross-linking of the peptidoglycan by transpeptidases, Cross-linking of the peptidoglycan by transpeptidases, Shape of penicillin G Penicillin SAR AcylSide Chain Modifications Instability of β-lactams to nucleophiles
Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins Protein Binding of Penicillins
In this presentation, here is description of what antibiotics are and how they are produced by different methods, their uses etc. with suitable examples.
DEFINITION CHEMOTHERAPY & ANTIBIOTICS
CHEMOTHERAPY: Chemotherapy is the treatment of infections by substances which destroy or suppress bacteria and other microorganism. The substances / Agents used may natural synthetic or semi – synthetic in nature.
ANTIBIOTICS: An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by microorganism which prevents the growth of other microorganism or kills the other microorganism. These are natural substances
CHEMOTHERAPY
It is a method of therapy of infectious disease and cancer with chemical agents – chemotherapeutic medicines
ANTIBIOTICS CLASSIFIED AS:
According to the mode of action on Bacteria:
According to the type of Bacteria:
According to the effectiveness against microorganism:
According to the mode of action on Bacteria:
Bacteriostatic: These antibiotics inhibit the growth & multiplication of Bacteria. Eg. Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol, Sulphonamides, Dapsone, Erythromycin, Clindamycin.
Bactericidal: These antibiotics destroy or kill all the Bacteria in the process of multiplication. Eg. Penicillin, Aminoglycosides, Cephalosporin, Fluoroquinolones, Rifampicin, Metronidazole etc.
According to the type of Bacteria:
Gram Positive: Some Antibiotics are effective mainly against Gram Positive Bacteria Eg. Penicillin.
Gram Negative: Some Antibiotics are effective mainly against Gram Negative Bacteria Eg. Streptomycin.
According to the effectiveness against microorganism:
Broad Spectrum: The Antibiotics which acts against wide range of microorganisms. Eg. Tetracycline.
Narrow Spectrum: These Antibiotics are useful against limited microorganisms. Eg. Erythromycin
Toxic Effects: Gastrointestinal irritation, Nausea, Vomiting and diarrhea may occur when given by mouth.
Skin sensitivity may develop with Penicillin or streptomycin causing rashes.
Serious toxic effect may occur due to streptomycin on the vestibular & auditory nerve causing vertigo & deafness
Drug Resistance: Many bacteria soon develops resistance to particular drug after a period of treatment, so that the bacteria will not respond to the same drug for example tubercle bacillus develops resistance to streptomycin quickly.
Super infection: The antibiotics given by mouth kill the normal bacteria inhibiting the alimentary canal and permits the over growth of other insensitive organisms which can cause serious complications. Eg. Fungus cause thrush which may go to the lungs with fatal results.
Hypersensitivity Reaction: Chemotherapeutic agents can cause Hypersensitivity reactions from mild rashes to serve anaphylactic shock. Eg. Penicillin & Sulphonamides.
Vitamin Deficiency: Alteration in vitamin formation and absorption from the bowel take place . So there is deficiency of Vitamin B complex and Vitamin K.
Anemia: In susceptible persons chloramphenicol may produce Aplastic anemia or agranulocytosis. (Action must be taken through proper history about previous drug reaction before administering penicillin sulphonamide and cephalosporin
Chemotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen. Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent, or it may aim to prolong life or to reduce symptom
CONTACT: sayantand691@gmail.com
Superbugs are strains of bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi that are resistant to most of the antibiotics and other medications commonly used to treat the infections they cause. A few examples of superbugs include resistant bacteria that can cause pneumonia, urinary tract infections and skin infections.
Drug resistance (antimicrobial resistance) is a naturally occurring phenomenon that can be slowed, but not stopped. Over time, germs such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi adapt to the drugs that are designed to kill them and change to ensure their survival. This makes previously standard treatments for some infections less effective, and sometimes ineffective. Researchers continue to evaluate how these germs develop resistance. They also study how to diagnose, treat and prevent antimicrobial resistance.
Certain actions may step up the appearance and spread of antimicrobial-resistant germs, such as:
Using or misusing antibiotics
Having poor infection prevention and control practices
Living or working in unclean conditions
Mishandling food
To protect yourself from harmful germs and lower the risk of illnesses:
Wash your hands often with soap and water, or use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer
Handle food properly, such as separating raw and cooked food, cooking food thoroughly, and using clean water
Avoid close contact with people who are ill
Make sure your vaccinations are up to date
You can also help tackle antibiotic resistance by:
Using antibiotics as directed and only when needed
Completing the full treatment course, even if you feel better
Not sharing antibiotics with others
Not using leftover prescriptions.
3rd Edition Pediatrics Emergency And Medications Doses By Dr Essam Sidqi.pdfEssam Sidqi Yaqoob
3rd Edition and Most Updated Version.
Pediatrics medications doses and its emergency related cases were always problematic for new junior doctors.
I hope with this new update, I tried to make it much simpler and much easier to be accessed quickly in emergencies to reach its maximum benefits.
Any comment or recommendation is welcomed.
Thank you.
Dr. Essam Sidqi
August 2023
Edits:
Dopamine Amp.
200mg/5ml, 400mg/10ml
1-5mcg/kg/min.
Then 5-20mcg/kg/min.
(Max. 50mcg/kg/min.)
5cc + 45 D5%
0.015-0.08cc/kg/hr.
Then 0.08-0.3cc/kg/hr.
(Max.0.75cc/kg/hr.)
Pediatric Emergency & Medications Doses By Dr Essam SidqiEssam Sidqi Yaqoob
Pediatrics medications doses and its emergency related cases were always problematic..
I hope with this presentation, it be much simpler and much more beneficial and easier to be accessed quickly in emergencies.
First aid: Medical care steps to do for any person suffering a sudden
illness or injury until ambulance arrives or seeking for professional medical
care to:
1. Preserve Life
2. Prevent Deterioration
3. Promote Recovery
Basic life support is a part of the first aid.
Includes: ABC management (Airway, Breathing, Circulation), CPR
(Cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and AED (Automated external
defibrillation).
88% of cardiac arrest incidents occur at home.
Effective bystander CPR that is administered immediately can double or
triple the victim's chances of survival.
Only 32% of victims receive assistance from a bystander.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdf
Penicillin & Ampicillin By Essam Sidqi
1.
2. INTRODUCTION
• An antibiotic or group of antibiotics produced naturally by certain
species of Penicillium fungi , now usually prepared synthetically.
• Penicillin was discovered accidentally in 1928 by Alexander Fleming, a
Scottish researcher, and during the Second World War became the first
antibiotic to be used by doctors.
3. MECHANISM OF ACTION
• Beta-lactam antibiotics
• Interferes with cell wall mucopeptide synthesis during active
multiplication, resulting in bactericidal activity against susceptible
microorganisms
5. DRUG OF CHOICE
• It covers Gram positive and some of Gram negative bacteria.
• Many types of bacteria have developed resistance following extensive
use.
But still it is the drug of choice for the following:
• Neisseria meningitides
• Group B streptococcal infection
• Clostridium perfringens
• Viridans Streptococci and Streptococcus bovis endocarditis
• Syphilis
6. ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
Penicillin V (Oral)
Administer orally with a full glass of
water 1 hour before or 2 hours after
meals. Affected by acid.
Penicillin G
(I.V.)
Slow I.V.
Benzathine
Penicillin (I.M)
Deep I.M.
8. PREGNANCY & LACTATION & CSF
• Pregnancy Category: B
• Lactation: Excreted into breast milk, caution advised.
• Poorly penetrate into the CSF except when the meninges are inflamed.
10. MECHANISM OF ACTION
• Beta-lactam antibiotics
• Interferes with cell wall mucopeptide synthesis during active
multiplication, resulting in bactericidal activity against susceptible
microorganisms
12. DRUG OF CHOICE
• It covers Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria with broader
spectrum than penicillin.
• It is the drug of choice for the following:
• Listeria monocytogenes meningitis
• Enterococcal UTIs
• Shigella especially in children
• Neonatal S. agalactiae meningitis
15. PREGNANCY & LACTATION & CSF
• Pregnancy Category: B
• Lactation: Excreted into breast milk, caution advised.
• Poorly penetrate into the CSF except when the meninges are inflamed.