This document provides an introduction to statistics for a class. It discusses key terminology in statistics, such as population, sample, parameter, and statistics. It explains the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics are used to organize and summarize information about variables, while inferential statistics allow generalization from a sample to a population. The document also outlines different research methods in statistics, including experimental and non-experimental methods, and how variables are measured. It provides examples of how individual variables, relationships between variables, and experimental designs are used in statistics.

1. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR
SEKSI E
SEMESTER GASAL 2016/2017
FAKULTAS PSIKOLOGI / PROGRAM STUDI S1 PSIKOLOGI
Introduction to
Statistics
KULIAH II – 15 AGUSTUS 2016

2. Menguasai teknik-teknik statistika deskriptif dan statistika inferensial,
secara khusus terkait dengan:
• Berbagai istilah/terminologi statistik, pengukuran, dan penelitian,
serta berbagai notasi dasar analisis statistik yang akan
digunakan seterusnya dalam MK Statistik Dasar maupun MK lain;
• Relevansi logika dan perhitungan statistik dalam proses penelitian
secara umum.
One-Day Objectives

3. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati 3
KARAKTERISTIK
PACAR IDEAL
(LAKI-LAKI)
KARAKTERISTIK
PACAR IDEAL
(PEREMPUAN)
JUMLAH
(MANTAN) PACAR
USIA SAAT
PACARAN
PERTAMA KALI
STATISTICS

4. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
What is Statistics?
4
used to organize and summarize
the information;
Statistics Serve General Purposes
help to answer the questions
that initiated the research
by determining exactly what general
conclusions are justified based
on the specific results
that were obtained.
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 5) ICON SOURCES: Office Folders by Stanislav Levin,
QA by Annie Lin; from the Noun Project

5. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati 5
The term statistics refers to
a set of mathematical procedures
for organizing, summarizing,
and interpreting information.
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 5)

6. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Population & Samples
6
THE POPULATION THE SAMPLE
the set of all the individuals of
interest in a particular study
a set of individuals selected
from a population, usually
intended to represent the
population in a research study
The sample is selected
from the population
The results from the
sample are generalized
to the population
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 5-6) ICON SOURCES: Group by christoph robausch,
Team by christoph robausch; from the Noun Project

7. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Population & Samples
7
Usia Pacaran Pertama Kali
pada Mahasiswa FP UAJ
Rata-rata = 9 th
Semua laki-laki
POPULATION
SAMPLE (1) SAMPLE (2)
Rata-rata = 13 th
3 Laki-laki, 2 Perempuan
ICON SOURCES: Group by christoph robausch;
from the Noun Project

8. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Population & Samples
8
SAMPLING
ERROR
SAMPLE (1) SAMPLE (2)
ICON SOURCES: Group by christoph robausch;
from the Noun Project
POPULATION

9. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Model of Statistical Inference
9
POPULATION
SAMPLE
SAMPLING
PARAMETER
STATISTICS
MEASUREMENT
MEASUREMENT
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 7-8) ICON SOURCES: Group by christoph robausch;
from the Noun Project

10. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Model of Statistical Inference
10
SAMPLE STATISTICSMEASUREMENT
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 7-8) ICON SOURCES: Group by christoph robausch;
from the Noun Project
DESCRIPTIVE
STATISTICS

11. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Model of Statistical Inference
11
POPULATION
SAMPLE STATISTICSMEASUREMENT
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 7-8) ICON SOURCES: Group by christoph robausch;
from the Noun Project
INFERENTIAL
STATISTICS

12. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Data Structures, Research Methods,
12
& STATISTICS
PROPORTION/
PERCENTAGE
CORRELATIONAL
METHOD
EXPERIMENTAL &
NON-EXPERIMENTAL
METHOD
Comparing two (or more)
groups of scores
Describe individual variables
as they exist naturally
Measuring two variables
for each individual
EXAMPLE
Independent Variable:
Genre Musik
Dependent Variable:
Tingkat Pemahaman Statistik Dasar
EXAMPLE
Variabel:
Usia Pacaran Pertama Kali
EXAMPLE
Variabel 1:
Jumlah Pacar
Variabel 2:
Time-Management Skills
INDIVIDUAL
VARIABLE
RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN VARIABLES
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 12-20) ICON SOURCES: Pie Chart by Berkay Sargın, Link by Joris Hoogendoorn,
Experiment by Creative Stall; from the Noun Project

13. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Data Structures, Research Methods,
13
describe individual variables as they exist naturally
& STATISTICS
PROPORTION/PERCENTAGE
Variabel:
Usia Pacaran Pertama Kali
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 12-20) ICON SOURCES: Pie Chart by Berkay Sargın; from the Noun Project
SUBJEK
USIA PACARAN
PERTAMA KALI
A 9
B 18
C 11
D 13
E 10
F 16
G 16
H 17

14. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Data Structures, Research Methods,
14
two different variables are observed to determine whether there is
a relationship between them
& STATISTICS
CORRELATIONAL METHOD
Variabel 1:
Jumlah Pacar
Variabel 2:
Time-Management Skills
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 12-20) ICON SOURCES: Link by Joris Hoogendoorn; from the Noun Project
SUBJEK JUMLAH
PACAR
TIME-MANAGEMENT
SKILLS
A 1 Sangat Buruk 1
B 1 Sangat Buruk 1
C 2 Sangat Buruk 1
D 1 Buruk 2
E 3 Baik 3
F 3 Baik 3
G 1 Buruk 2
H 4 Sangat Baik 4

15. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Data Structures, Research Methods,
15
to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables;
attempts to show that changing the value of one variable causes changes
to occur in the second variable
& STATISTICS
THE EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 12-20) ICON SOURCES: Experiment by Creative Stall; from the Noun Project
Independent Variable:
Genre Musik
Dependent Variable:
Tingkat Pemahaman Statistik Dasar
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Manipulation
• Control
POP JAZZ
30 80
35 75
45 90
45 85
40 90

16. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati
Data Structures, Research Methods,
16
to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables;
attempts to show that changing the value of one variable causes changes
to occur in the second variable
& STATISTICS
THE NON-EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
(Gravetter & Wallnau, 2012: 12-20) ICON SOURCES: Experiment by Creative Stall; from the Noun Project
Quasi-Independent Variable:
Status Pacaran
Dependent Variable:
Familiaritas terhadap Adegan Percintaan
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Manipulation
• Control
(+) PACAR (-) PACAR
9 4
10 3
12 3
12 4
8 0

17. PDU 207 STATISTIK DASAR 2016 © Ardhiati 17
WANT TO KNOW MORE?
Gravetter, F.J. & Wallnau, L.B. (2012).
Statistics for the behavioral sciences (9th ed.).
Australia: WADSWORTH CENGAGE Learning.