The document discusses two patterns of organization in writing: cause and effect, and compare and contrast. It provides examples of words and phrases that signal these patterns to the reader. For cause and effect, words like "because", "result", and "lead to" indicate a cause followed by an effect. Compare and contrast structures use words like "similarly", "however", and "instead" to show how things are alike or different. Well-organized writing clearly guides the reader through these relationships between ideas.