This document provides a summary of a slide presentation given by Patrick Corrigan on erasing the stigma of mental illness. The key points discussed in the presentation include: examining unintended consequences of anti-stigma efforts; contact-based approaches have been shown to improve attitudes but not necessarily behaviors; and combining social-cognitive and health services research approaches may be most effective by targeting stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination at multiple levels.

1. Knowledge Database
• Slide Presentation for the lecture of:
Patrick Corrigan, Psy.D., USA
• Topic of lecture: Erasing the Stigma of Mental Illness: What
Says the Dodo Bird?
• The lecture was given at Beit Issie Shapiro’s 6th International
Conference on Disabilities - Israel
• Year: 2015

2. Patrick Corrigan
Illinois Institute of Technology
What Says the Dodo Bird?

4. STOP

5.  What is stigma?
 How might it be fixed?
◦ Unintended consequences
 Contact-based approaches
 BLENDING
◦ Social Cognitive Approaches
◦ Health Services Research Approach

7. UNINTENDED
CONSEQUENCES
Everybody
has won and
all must have
prizes!

8. Psychoanalysis
Unintended
Consequences
What do we do?
Cognitive Therapy

10. BEAT RACISM
X

11. DON’T ASK
DON’T TELL
BEAT HOMOPHOBIA

12. “THE POOR!”
“THE WEAK!”
“THE LEAST IMPORTANT!”

13. “THE POOR!”
“THE WEAK!”
“THE LEAST IMPORTANT!”
“Whatsoever you do to the least of my brethren,
that you do unto me!”
John
BESTOW
EMPOWER

15. 15

16. 16

17. 17

19. 19
In the movies

20. 20

21. 21

22. 22
In the newspapers

23. 23

25. 25

26. 26
In advertising

27. 27

30. 30

31. 31
In comics

32. 32

35. 35
Benevolence stigma

36. 36

37. 37

38. 38

39. 39

40. 40

41. Trenton State Hospital
has fire.

42. 42
Roasted Nuts

43. DANGER
Phelan, Link et al
43
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1956 1996
danger

44.  DANGER
Phelan, Link et al
44
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
1956 1996
danger

45.  DANGER
Phelan, Link et al
45
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
1956 1996
danger

46.  DANGER
Phelan, Link et al
46
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
1956 1996 2006
danger

47. 47
Public
stigma
Self-
stigma
Label
avoidance
Structural
stigma
stereotype
prejudice
discrimination
S
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
s
-----------types-----------

48. 48
 STEREOTYPES
◦ All Irish Americans are drunks and
beat their wives.
 PREJUDICE
◦ That’s right. They’re drunks and I
loathe them.
 DISCRIMINATION
◦ So, don’t: hire, rent, or befriend them

49. 49
 STEREOTYPES
◦ People with MI are: weak,
dangerous….
 PREJUDICE
◦ They are bad because: scary,
shameful.
 DISCRIMINATION
◦ So, don’t: hire, serve, or rent to them

50. 50
Public
stigma
Self-
stigma
Label
avoidance
Structural
stigma
stereotype
prejudice
discrimination
S
t
r
u
c
t
u
r
e
s
-----------types-----------

51.  Lost employment
 Subpar housing
 Worse health care
 Worse educational opportunities
 Diminished legislative support
 Alienated faith communities
 Coercive treatment

52. PTCA: percutaneous transluminal
coronary angioplasty
Druss et al., 2000

53. June 14, 1965
Affirming attitudes
and actions
ERASING STIGMA IS NOT
ENOUGH

54.  People with mental illness recover.
 They should determine all their goals and
interventions to reach those goals.
 Actions:
◦ Reasonable accommodations
◦ Community supports

55. STOP

56. EASY STUFF:
Just change the words!
Just cure the disease!

57.  Leprosy to Hansen’s Disease
 Dementia to Alzheimer’s
 Mental Retardation to Intellectual Disability
 Mania to Bipolar Illness

58.  Japan: Seishin-Bunretsu-Byo to togo shitco sho
 Korea: Jeongshin-bunyeol to Johyun-byung
 Hong Kong: Jing Shen Fen Lie to Si Jue Shi Tiao
 Singapore, China
“mind split disease” “integration disorder”
“attunement disorder”“mind splitted disorder”
“dysfunction of thought
and perception”
“splitting of the mind”
Sartorius et al., 2014

59.  The Data
◦ Japan: mixed findings (Takashi et al., 2009, 2011)
◦ Relationship between name recognition and
recovery (Sato in preparation, 2014)
◦ Hansen’s Disease (Oliveria et al., 2003; Van Brakel et al., in press)
 Perpetuates the difference
 Prejudice and discrimination more than words.
◦ MODERN RACISM
 .

60. It Looks easy:
NIMH and other funders decrease support
Advocacy groups: No longer a problem

61. KNOWLEDGE IS GOLD:
Educate stigma away!

62. 75% US school districts
43 countries
RESEARCH
Uncertain effects No effects
RTI (1994) Cal Dept Ed (1995)
U Maryland (1998)
SIGNIFICANT effects APA (1999)
Indiana U (1992)

64. RECOVERY

65. RECOVERY
HIRE THEM?
RENT TO THEM?
EQUAL HEALTH CARE?

66.  Knowledge: Causal Beliefs
 Stigma: Acceptance
 Sixteen representative samples of nation-
defined populations
 230 to 6000 Ss
 Response rates: 65-85%
Schomerus, Schwann, Holzinger, Corrigan, Grabe, Carta, & Angermeyer, 2011

67. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1990 1994 1998 2002 2006
Sz
Dep
Schomerus, Schwann, Holzinger, Corrigan, Grabe, Carta, & Angermeyer, 2011
Inherited/Genetic
META-ANALYSIS FINDINGS: CAUSE

68. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1990 1994 1998 2002 2006
Sz
Dep
Schomerus, Schwann, Holzinger, Corrigan, Grabe, Carta, & Angermeyer, 2011
Brain Disease
META-ANALYSIS FINDINGS: CAUSE

69. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1990 1994 1998 2002 2006
Sz
Dep
Schomerus, Schwann, Holzinger, Corrigan, Grabe, Carta, & Angermeyer, 2011
Co-worker
META-ANALYSIS FINDINGS: ACCEPTANCE

70. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1990 1994 1998 2002 2006
Sz
Dep
Schomerus, Schwann, Holzinger, Corrigan, Grabe, Carta, & Angermeyer, 2011
Neighbor
META-ANALYSIS FINDINGS: ACCEPTANCE

71. PROTEST:
The Pros and CONs!

72. 72
Protest
◦Review stigmatizing images
◦Shame on you for thinking
that way

73. 73

74. 74
Beware the rebound effect
the white bear

75. NAMI - stigmabusters

76. The
JASONUT
The CRAZY
FACE
The SUICIDE
SQUEEZE
Located in Campbell and San Jose
California

77. Join the national on-line food fight.
Help turn lemon donuts into lemonade.
Join the national on-line food fight.
Help turn lemon donuts into
lemonade.

78. I'm an advocate of equal rights and a more tolerant world
toward all people of different races, religion, gender, and
sexual orientation; but that is it. Any thing else is just moronic.
Stan Rezaee, Aug, 2009

79. FRANCHISE
OPPORTUNITIES

80. CONTACT vs EDUCATION
The Pros and CONs!

81. 81
Contact
“Meet Bob
Lundin”

82. 82
Bob’s story
◦ My name is ______ and I have a severe mental
illness called schizo-affective disorder
◦ My childhood was not unusual…
◦ Unfortunately, my mental illness was
traumatic. It did not go away quickly…
◦ Despite these problems, I have achieved
several accomplishments.

83.  Contact vs Education
 DV’s
◦ Overall
◦ Attitudes
◦ Behavior
 > 38,000 Ss
 79 studies; 13 RCTs
Corrigan, Michaels et al., 2012

84. p<.05

85. 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
attitudes
education
contact
*
***
***
k=136
Mean effect sizes:
Pre-Follow-up

86. TLC 3

87. Targeted
Local
Credible
Continuous
CONTACT
87
Corrigan, 2011

89. Landlords
Health care professionals
Teachers
Legislators
Employers

92. x
CHICAGO:
the heart and
brains of Illinois
ILLINOIS
Does it
play in
PEORIA?

93. City
Neighborhoods
What defines a neighborhood?
Faith-based
communities
93

94. 94
Good stigma
change
 credible
 continuous

95.  Contact with whom?
 Example
◦ Military (PTSD)
◦ Other enlisted members
 Marines from marines
 Sailors from sailors
95

96. Once is not enough
And cannot be carbon
copies
96

97. The GRAND PLAN

98. Come out everyone
Come out everywhere

99. Come out Mad
Come out Proud

100. Rod Steiger
Mike Wallace
Margot Kidder
Patty Duke

102. Thurgood
Marshall
Effect

105.  LGBT agenda
◦ Confusing
◦ Objectionable
◦Honest, Open, Proud
CHICAGO

106. Passive
COMING OUT PROUD
◦assertive

107. DONT BE A MENTAL PATIENT

108. EMBRACE WHO YOU ARE

109.  Three Lessons
◦ Consider the pros and cons of
disclosing
◦ There are different ways to disclose
◦ Telling your story
2 RCTs

110. 3.6
3.8
4
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
5
HOP Cntrl
Pre
Post
3-wk F-up
2X3 ANOVA
F=4.70, p<.01
N=100
Rusch et al., 2014
p<.05

111. HOPMULTI-SITE

112. 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
HOP control HOP control
pre
post
follow-up
*
*
**
HARMAPPLY
SELF STIGMA
*
Corrigan et al., in press

113. 15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
HOP control HOP control
pre
post
follow-up
± p<.10 * p<.05 ** p<.01
COPING RESOURCESSTIGMA HARM
**
+
+*
**

114.  What are the pros and cons of disclosing?
◦ Which vary by setting: work, vs family vs faith-
based comm
 What are rarely safe ways to come out?
 What is your story?
www.HOPprogram.org

116. Clifford Beers - 1909

117. 117

118. National Consortium on
Stigma and
Empowerment
www.ncse1.org
Honest,Open,
Proud to erase the
stigma of mental
illness
www.hopprogram.org
corrigan@iit.edu

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