Stigma Presentation 2014
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Stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS continues to a major factor when it comes to getting tested, learning your status and disclosing an HIV+ status. Stigma can also be a significant factor in the workplace. We aim to reduce the stigma associated with HIV/AIDS. HIV/AIDS can infect or affect ANYONE. Individuals who are HIV+ can still receive hugs, handshakes, live and love in our homes, and work safely in our workplaces
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Stigma & discrimination final by dr. munawar
Stigma is negative attitudes and beliefs directed towards people based on attributes like health status. HIV-related stigma refers specifically to stigma against people living with HIV. Discrimination occurs when stigma leads to unjust treatment, like denial of rights. HIV stigma is common and can negatively impact healthcare uptake and outcomes for people living with HIV. Reducing stigma requires education to increase understanding and sympathy for those affected by HIV.
Counselling HIV/ AIDS patient
COUNSELLING IN HIV/AIDS
Qurrot Ulain Taher
P.G Diploma in Nutrition & Dietetics
Dietetic Techniques & Patient Counseling
HIV/AIDS
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. AIDS is a result of the development of the HIV virus into a more serious condition. AIDS was first recognised by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1981 and its cause, HIV, identified in the early 1980s.
Understanding HIV
HIV is a contagious infection which attacks the immune system, reducing its effectiveness and leaving the body susceptible to infections. The HIV infection damages the cells the body needs to fight illnesses. AIDS can be diagnosed when the number of immune system cells (CD4 cells) in the blood of a person with HIV drops below a certain level.
There is no cure for HIV or AIDS, but there are treatments that can slow down the disease, and help prevent the onset of AIDS. It takes around ten years for someone with HIV to develop AIDS, but it can be prevented with early detection and treatment of the HIV
PREVENTION OF Mother to child transmission
Treatment for HIV and AIDS
HAART
TYPES OF HIV TESTS
Why Is Counseling Necessary
Objectives
Whom to counsel
Characteristics of a Counselor
Skills Required in Counseling
Stages of Counseling
Risk assessment counseling
Pre test counseling
Post test counseling
Follow up counseling
Role of Counselor
Advocacy role
Health education
Referral
Clinical and therapeutic role
Special Situations in HIV Counseling
Pregnant women
Childless couples
Breast feeding positive mothers
Spouse and family members of HIV infected persons
Stigma and Discrimination and Mental Illness
Stigma and Discrimination and Mental IllnessDr. DawnElise Snipes ★AllCEUs★ Unlimited Counselor Training
This document discusses reducing stigma and discrimination against those with mental illnesses or substance use disorders. It defines stigma and discrimination, and explores protections under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Several common stereotypes and their negative effects are described. The document advocates challenging stereotypes through education, advocacy, and speaking openly about mental health. It also discusses protections against discrimination in housing and education.Mental health & Substance abuse
Nearly half of the world's population is affected by mental illness which impacts self-esteem, relationships and ability to function. Good mental health allows one to realize their abilities and cope with stress, while poor mental health prevents a normal life. Mental health involves well-being and functioning well, while mental illness affects thinking, feelings and behavior. Risk factors for mental disorders include genetics, age, toxins, infections, and family/social problems. Both physical and mental health problems interact and influence each other. Prevention strategies target promotion, early intervention, treatment and social support/rehabilitation.
Stigmatization and Discrimination
Stigma is a social process of devaluation of people who do not seem to conform to societal standards, such as living with HIV/AIDS
Stigma and mental illness
This document outlines strategies for challenging mental health stigma. It begins with definitions of stigma and discusses the causes and manifestations of stigma, including ignorance, fear, and negative media portrayals. The document then describes different types of stigma such as self-stigma and enacted stigma. It notes that stigma can lead to discrimination and negative consequences for those with mental illness, including reluctance to seek treatment. The three most effective ways to challenge stigma identified are education to promote facts over misperceptions, contact with those experiencing mental illness, and protest against negative media portrayals.
Child and adolescent psychiatry
This document provides an overview of several topics in child and adolescent psychiatry. It discusses the tiers of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS), ranging from primary care providers (Tier 1) to highly specialized services (Tier 4). It also summarizes several common disorders seen in youth, including conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, enuresis, encopresis, learning disabilities, anxiety disorders like separation anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. For each topic, it covers characteristics, causes, symptoms, comorbidities, and management approaches.
STIGMA OF MENTAL HEALTH
Mental health stigma can be divided into two distinct types: social stigma is characterized by prejudicial attitudes and discriminating behaviour directed towards individuals with mental health problems as a result of the psychiatric label they have been given. In contrast, perceived stigma or self-stigma is the internalizing by the mental health sufferer of their perceptions of discrimination (Link, Cullen, Struening & Shrout, 1989), and perceived stigma can significantly affect feelings of shame and lead to poorer treatment outcomes (Perlick, Rosenheck, Clarkin, Sirey et al., 2001).
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Stigma & discrimination final by dr. munawar
Stigma is negative attitudes and beliefs directed towards people based on attributes like health status. HIV-related stigma refers specifically to stigma against people living with HIV. Discrimination occurs when stigma leads to unjust treatment, like denial of rights. HIV stigma is common and can negatively impact healthcare uptake and outcomes for people living with HIV. Reducing stigma requires education to increase understanding and sympathy for those affected by HIV.
Counselling HIV/ AIDS patient
COUNSELLING IN HIV/AIDS
Qurrot Ulain Taher
P.G Diploma in Nutrition & Dietetics
Dietetic Techniques & Patient Counseling
HIV/AIDS
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. AIDS is a result of the development of the HIV virus into a more serious condition. AIDS was first recognised by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1981 and its cause, HIV, identified in the early 1980s.
Understanding HIV
HIV is a contagious infection which attacks the immune system, reducing its effectiveness and leaving the body susceptible to infections. The HIV infection damages the cells the body needs to fight illnesses. AIDS can be diagnosed when the number of immune system cells (CD4 cells) in the blood of a person with HIV drops below a certain level.
There is no cure for HIV or AIDS, but there are treatments that can slow down the disease, and help prevent the onset of AIDS. It takes around ten years for someone with HIV to develop AIDS, but it can be prevented with early detection and treatment of the HIV
PREVENTION OF Mother to child transmission
Treatment for HIV and AIDS
HAART
TYPES OF HIV TESTS
Why Is Counseling Necessary
Objectives
Whom to counsel
Characteristics of a Counselor
Skills Required in Counseling
Stages of Counseling
Risk assessment counseling
Pre test counseling
Post test counseling
Follow up counseling
Role of Counselor
Advocacy role
Health education
Referral
Clinical and therapeutic role
Special Situations in HIV Counseling
Pregnant women
Childless couples
Breast feeding positive mothers
Spouse and family members of HIV infected persons
Stigma and Discrimination and Mental Illness
Stigma and Discrimination and Mental IllnessDr. DawnElise Snipes ★AllCEUs★ Unlimited Counselor Training
This document discusses reducing stigma and discrimination against those with mental illnesses or substance use disorders. It defines stigma and discrimination, and explores protections under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Several common stereotypes and their negative effects are described. The document advocates challenging stereotypes through education, advocacy, and speaking openly about mental health. It also discusses protections against discrimination in housing and education.Mental health & Substance abuse
Nearly half of the world's population is affected by mental illness which impacts self-esteem, relationships and ability to function. Good mental health allows one to realize their abilities and cope with stress, while poor mental health prevents a normal life. Mental health involves well-being and functioning well, while mental illness affects thinking, feelings and behavior. Risk factors for mental disorders include genetics, age, toxins, infections, and family/social problems. Both physical and mental health problems interact and influence each other. Prevention strategies target promotion, early intervention, treatment and social support/rehabilitation.
Stigmatization and Discrimination
Stigma is a social process of devaluation of people who do not seem to conform to societal standards, such as living with HIV/AIDS
Stigma and mental illness
This document outlines strategies for challenging mental health stigma. It begins with definitions of stigma and discusses the causes and manifestations of stigma, including ignorance, fear, and negative media portrayals. The document then describes different types of stigma such as self-stigma and enacted stigma. It notes that stigma can lead to discrimination and negative consequences for those with mental illness, including reluctance to seek treatment. The three most effective ways to challenge stigma identified are education to promote facts over misperceptions, contact with those experiencing mental illness, and protest against negative media portrayals.
Child and adolescent psychiatry
This document provides an overview of several topics in child and adolescent psychiatry. It discusses the tiers of child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS), ranging from primary care providers (Tier 1) to highly specialized services (Tier 4). It also summarizes several common disorders seen in youth, including conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, enuresis, encopresis, learning disabilities, anxiety disorders like separation anxiety disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. For each topic, it covers characteristics, causes, symptoms, comorbidities, and management approaches.
STIGMA OF MENTAL HEALTH
Mental health stigma can be divided into two distinct types: social stigma is characterized by prejudicial attitudes and discriminating behaviour directed towards individuals with mental health problems as a result of the psychiatric label they have been given. In contrast, perceived stigma or self-stigma is the internalizing by the mental health sufferer of their perceptions of discrimination (Link, Cullen, Struening & Shrout, 1989), and perceived stigma can significantly affect feelings of shame and lead to poorer treatment outcomes (Perlick, Rosenheck, Clarkin, Sirey et al., 2001).
Impact of culture on health
Culture is deeply involved in matters of personal hygiene, nutrition, immunization, seeking early medical care, family planning -in short, the whole way of life. Different cultures are there in different societies which may or may not have positive effects on health.
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Histrionic personality disorder is a condition in which people act in a very emotional and dramatic way that draws attention to themselves.
Stigma Presentation
Mental illnesses like schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder are legitimate medical conditions, not character flaws. They are caused by genetic and biological factors and can be effectively treated. However, stigma and lack of understanding prevent many from seeking help. Myths that those with mental illnesses are dangerous or that conditions like depression are simply weakness perpetuate social stigma. In reality, around 1 in 4 people will experience a mental health problem in their lifetime, and conditions like depression result in significant economic costs due to lost productivity. Increased education is needed to reduce the stigma around mental illnesses.
Symptomatology of mental illness
This document discusses mental illness and its symptoms. It lists common symptoms such as behaving strangely by removing clothes in public, becoming moody and withdrawn by sitting alone and not maintaining hygiene, seeing or hearing things that others do not, being abnormally suspicious of others, being unusually cheerful and boastful, feeling unusually sad for no reason, having suicidal tendencies, attributing behavior to black magic, suffering from fits, and exhibiting delayed mental development by behaving like a child as an adult. The document encourages referring people exhibiting these symptoms to the nearest hospital for treatment.
Substance abuse
This document provides an overview of substance abuse and dependence. It defines key terms like tolerance, dependence, addiction, withdrawal, and craving. It then examines specific substances in more detail, including the effects of nicotine, cannabis, opioids, alcohol, hallucinogens, cocaine, benzodiazepines, and others. For each substance, it discusses acute and long term effects, intoxication, withdrawal symptoms, hazards, and psychiatric disorders associated with abuse. The document concludes with sections on management of substance abuse/dependence, rehabilitation centers, and pharmacological treatment options.
Personality disorders
This document provides an overview of personality disorders, including definitions, types, causes, and treatment approaches. It defines a personality disorder as an enduring pattern of inner experiences and behaviors that deviate significantly from cultural expectations and cause distress or impairment. Five classical types are described in detail: schizoid, paranoid, antisocial, histrionic, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Personality disorders are influenced by biological, social, and psychological factors. Treatment involves psychotherapy tailored to the individual, as well as medication for any concurrent disorders or uncontrollable behaviors. The overall goal is to improve social and vocational functioning.
Factors to mental illness
The presentation defines mental illness and discusses its importance, causes, contributing factors, signs and symptoms, and prevention. It notes that mental illness affects thoughts, emotions and behavior and can negatively impact those suffering and their loved ones. Contributing factors include biological, psychological and social influences like genetics, trauma, stress, poverty and relationships. Signs may include hallucinations, delusions, anxiety and strange behavior. Prevention focuses on healthy coping strategies, medical care, social support and avoiding substance abuse.
Stigma and mental illness
The document discusses stigma associated with mental illness. It notes that stigma involves negative stereotypes and attitudes that label people with mental illness as less worthy. These attitudes are perpetuated by misrepresentations in media and a lack of understanding. The document outlines various factors that contribute to stigma, including fear, economic issues, lack of treatment facilities, and cultural beliefs. It also discusses the negative impacts of self-stigma, discrimination, and social exclusion that people with mental illness often face. Interventions like social contact and education are mentioned as ways to potentially help address stigma.
Anxiety Disorders
This document provides information on various anxiety disorders, including the symptoms, causes, and treatments. It discusses what constitutes normal and pathological anxiety, and defines different types of anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, PTSD, and OCD. For each disorder it outlines the key features including onset, prevalence between genders, associated symptoms, common comorbidities, and potential treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressant medications.
Somatoform disorders
Somatoform disorders are a group of mental illnesses characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by medical factors. Key features include symptoms not being imaginary, but also not correlating with medical test results. Common types are somatization disorder, conversion disorder, hypochondriasis, body dysmorphic disorder, pain disorder, and undifferentiated somatiform disorder. These disorders are thought to involve both psychosocial factors like how symptoms are interpreted emotionally, as well as potential biological and genetic components. Treatment involves both medical evaluation and psychological or psychiatric approaches.
Study unitb 12.1 family disorganisation
Family disorganization can occur when there is a breakdown in the family system due to a lack of role models, support systems, or internal conflicts. Common causes include a lack of privacy, incompatibility between family members, interference from others, unemployment, poor communication, and abuse or neglect. Children from dysfunctional families often take on roles like the "good child" or "scapegoat" to cope. Consequences for children can include mental health issues, addiction, academic struggles, low self-esteem, delinquency, and continuing the cycle of dysfunction into their own relationships and families as adults.
Social groups and processes
This document discusses social groups and processes. It defines social groups as collections of humans brought together through social relationships and common goals. Groups are classified based on size, structure, type of contact between members, and other factors. Primary groups are small, stable, and involve direct, face-to-face contact between members. Secondary groups are larger and involve more impersonal, indirect contact. An in-group is the group an individual identifies with, while an out-group is any other group. Crowds are temporary gatherings of many people brought together in close proximity around a common focus.
Family disorganization
The document discusses family disorganization and its causes and effects. It defines family as a group of two or more related individuals living together. Family disorganization refers to a breakdown in the family system due to factors like loss of role models, parental overburdening, and conflicts between family members. This can lead to a loss of social controls and increase criminal and antisocial behavior. Causes of family disorganization include unemployment, poverty, lack of communication, and domestic violence. Effects involve mental health issues, low self-esteem, and risky behaviors in children. Improving rules, roles, and rights within families can help address family disorganization.
Mental illness stigma ppt slides - cultural info
This document discusses mental illness stigma in several non-Western cultures. It finds that most cultures exhibit somatization of emotional distress and idioms of distress that are culturally specific. Treatment often focuses on pharmacotherapy due to stigma, and families prefer to keep mental illness private. While biomedical views are more common in urban areas, traditional beliefs involving spirit possession or witchcraft remain influential, especially rurally. Integrating biomedical and traditional views into mental healthcare may help reduce stigma.
Substance Abuse, Psychiatric Nursing, B. Sc (N) PPT
The document discusses substance abuse and alcohol dependence. It defines key terms like substance abuse, addiction, dependence, and withdrawal. It covers the ICD-10 classification of substance use disorders and commonly abused substances. It discusses the etiology of substance abuse from biological, behavioral, psychological, and social perspectives. It provides details on the stages of alcoholism, clinical features of alcohol dependence, and psychiatric disorders caused by alcohol like acute intoxication, withdrawal syndrome, amnestic disorders, and mood disorders. It also covers relapse in alcohol dependence and complications of long-term alcohol abuse.
Unit 10 social organization and social system
This document discusses social organization and social systems. It defines social organization as a set of differentiated activities serving a common purpose. Some key elements of social organization include goals, roles, norms, and sanctions. There are different types of social organization such as political, economic, and religious organizations.
A social system is defined as a network of interactive relationships. It consists of elements like beliefs, norms, roles, status, and power. Social systems can be classified based on factors like evolution, means of livelihood, type of solidarity, and culture. Mechanisms like socialization and social control help maintain equilibrium and integration within a social system. Institutions must also be properly interrelated for a social structure to be maintained.
Emotional Abuse
Emotional and verbal abuse can be more difficult to identify and prove than physical abuse. While physical abuse leaves marks, emotional and verbal abuse mainly impacts one's mental health and self-esteem. Two main reasons women resist leaving these abusive relationships are economic hardship, as abusers often control finances, and emotional attachment. Over time in abusive relationships, intermittent good and bad treatment can form a traumatic bond and dependency on the abuser, weakening one's self-esteem and making leaving feel impossible. More research is still needed to fully understand how emotional attachment specifically prevents women from exiting abusive relationships.
Problems related to abuse or neglect
The document summarizes information presented in a seminar on abuse and neglect. It discusses various types of abuse like intimate partner abuse, child abuse, and elder abuse. It provides epidemiological statistics on abuse in India, highlighting high rates of violence against women and children. It also outlines predisposing factors for abuse like biological, psychological, and sociological theories. Finally, it describes the cycle of battering in intimate partner relationships and reasons why victims may stay in abusive situations.
Suicide - Psychiatry
special thanks and acknowledgement goes out to the contributors of the slide:
meroshana, haziman fauzi, griselda pearl, widad ulya, atiqah shakira, halim latiffi, farith che man and marwan omar.
Hopefully this is able to help medical students to understand about the psychiatry topic, suicide.
This is made by students so if there are any mistakes, please do correct us. We are open to constructive criticism. thank you :)
Substance abuse
Substance abuse refers to the maladaptive use of substances like alcohol, drugs, and chemicals. It can lead to addiction and dependence where the body develops a tolerance and needs more to achieve the same effects. Substance abuse disorders include alcohol dependence, opioid use, cannabis use, cocaine use, and abuse of volatile solvents. The causes of substance abuse are biological like genetics, psychological factors such as low self-esteem, and social influences including peer pressure. Treatment involves medical management of withdrawal symptoms, detoxification, and maintenance therapy as well as prevention efforts.
Stigma Presentation
The document discusses stigma related to HIV/AIDS in a community. It defines stigma as bodily signs used to identify and exclude those seen as impure or immoral. Living with HIV can involve self-stigma from fear of disclosure and stigma from others related to lack of knowledge and moral judgements. This stigma promotes risk behaviors and prevents people from getting tested due to fear of being labeled. The document calls for empowering women, combating myths, and creating an enabling environment to reduce HIV transmission and stigma in the community.
6 Szablowinski HIV-AIDSdiscrimination 72-84 (1)
This document discusses stigmatization and discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS in Papua New Guinea. It notes that stigma stems from ignorance about HIV transmission and a moral association of the virus with promiscuity. Stigma isolates people with HIV/AIDS and discourages them from seeking care. It also prevents open discussion about HIV status and spreads misinformation. The document argues for promoting compassion and understanding of people with HIV/AIDS as the most effective way to address the epidemic.
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Impact of culture on health
Culture is deeply involved in matters of personal hygiene, nutrition, immunization, seeking early medical care, family planning -in short, the whole way of life. Different cultures are there in different societies which may or may not have positive effects on health.
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Histrionic personality disorder is a condition in which people act in a very emotional and dramatic way that draws attention to themselves.
Stigma Presentation
Mental illnesses like schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder are legitimate medical conditions, not character flaws. They are caused by genetic and biological factors and can be effectively treated. However, stigma and lack of understanding prevent many from seeking help. Myths that those with mental illnesses are dangerous or that conditions like depression are simply weakness perpetuate social stigma. In reality, around 1 in 4 people will experience a mental health problem in their lifetime, and conditions like depression result in significant economic costs due to lost productivity. Increased education is needed to reduce the stigma around mental illnesses.
Symptomatology of mental illness
This document discusses mental illness and its symptoms. It lists common symptoms such as behaving strangely by removing clothes in public, becoming moody and withdrawn by sitting alone and not maintaining hygiene, seeing or hearing things that others do not, being abnormally suspicious of others, being unusually cheerful and boastful, feeling unusually sad for no reason, having suicidal tendencies, attributing behavior to black magic, suffering from fits, and exhibiting delayed mental development by behaving like a child as an adult. The document encourages referring people exhibiting these symptoms to the nearest hospital for treatment.
Substance abuse
This document provides an overview of substance abuse and dependence. It defines key terms like tolerance, dependence, addiction, withdrawal, and craving. It then examines specific substances in more detail, including the effects of nicotine, cannabis, opioids, alcohol, hallucinogens, cocaine, benzodiazepines, and others. For each substance, it discusses acute and long term effects, intoxication, withdrawal symptoms, hazards, and psychiatric disorders associated with abuse. The document concludes with sections on management of substance abuse/dependence, rehabilitation centers, and pharmacological treatment options.
Personality disorders
This document provides an overview of personality disorders, including definitions, types, causes, and treatment approaches. It defines a personality disorder as an enduring pattern of inner experiences and behaviors that deviate significantly from cultural expectations and cause distress or impairment. Five classical types are described in detail: schizoid, paranoid, antisocial, histrionic, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. Personality disorders are influenced by biological, social, and psychological factors. Treatment involves psychotherapy tailored to the individual, as well as medication for any concurrent disorders or uncontrollable behaviors. The overall goal is to improve social and vocational functioning.
Factors to mental illness
The presentation defines mental illness and discusses its importance, causes, contributing factors, signs and symptoms, and prevention. It notes that mental illness affects thoughts, emotions and behavior and can negatively impact those suffering and their loved ones. Contributing factors include biological, psychological and social influences like genetics, trauma, stress, poverty and relationships. Signs may include hallucinations, delusions, anxiety and strange behavior. Prevention focuses on healthy coping strategies, medical care, social support and avoiding substance abuse.
Stigma and mental illness
The document discusses stigma associated with mental illness. It notes that stigma involves negative stereotypes and attitudes that label people with mental illness as less worthy. These attitudes are perpetuated by misrepresentations in media and a lack of understanding. The document outlines various factors that contribute to stigma, including fear, economic issues, lack of treatment facilities, and cultural beliefs. It also discusses the negative impacts of self-stigma, discrimination, and social exclusion that people with mental illness often face. Interventions like social contact and education are mentioned as ways to potentially help address stigma.
Anxiety Disorders
This document provides information on various anxiety disorders, including the symptoms, causes, and treatments. It discusses what constitutes normal and pathological anxiety, and defines different types of anxiety disorders like generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias, PTSD, and OCD. For each disorder it outlines the key features including onset, prevalence between genders, associated symptoms, common comorbidities, and potential treatments like cognitive behavioral therapy and antidepressant medications.
Somatoform disorders
Somatoform disorders are a group of mental illnesses characterized by physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by medical factors. Key features include symptoms not being imaginary, but also not correlating with medical test results. Common types are somatization disorder, conversion disorder, hypochondriasis, body dysmorphic disorder, pain disorder, and undifferentiated somatiform disorder. These disorders are thought to involve both psychosocial factors like how symptoms are interpreted emotionally, as well as potential biological and genetic components. Treatment involves both medical evaluation and psychological or psychiatric approaches.
Study unitb 12.1 family disorganisation
Family disorganization can occur when there is a breakdown in the family system due to a lack of role models, support systems, or internal conflicts. Common causes include a lack of privacy, incompatibility between family members, interference from others, unemployment, poor communication, and abuse or neglect. Children from dysfunctional families often take on roles like the "good child" or "scapegoat" to cope. Consequences for children can include mental health issues, addiction, academic struggles, low self-esteem, delinquency, and continuing the cycle of dysfunction into their own relationships and families as adults.
Social groups and processes
This document discusses social groups and processes. It defines social groups as collections of humans brought together through social relationships and common goals. Groups are classified based on size, structure, type of contact between members, and other factors. Primary groups are small, stable, and involve direct, face-to-face contact between members. Secondary groups are larger and involve more impersonal, indirect contact. An in-group is the group an individual identifies with, while an out-group is any other group. Crowds are temporary gatherings of many people brought together in close proximity around a common focus.
Family disorganization
The document discusses family disorganization and its causes and effects. It defines family as a group of two or more related individuals living together. Family disorganization refers to a breakdown in the family system due to factors like loss of role models, parental overburdening, and conflicts between family members. This can lead to a loss of social controls and increase criminal and antisocial behavior. Causes of family disorganization include unemployment, poverty, lack of communication, and domestic violence. Effects involve mental health issues, low self-esteem, and risky behaviors in children. Improving rules, roles, and rights within families can help address family disorganization.
Mental illness stigma ppt slides - cultural info
This document discusses mental illness stigma in several non-Western cultures. It finds that most cultures exhibit somatization of emotional distress and idioms of distress that are culturally specific. Treatment often focuses on pharmacotherapy due to stigma, and families prefer to keep mental illness private. While biomedical views are more common in urban areas, traditional beliefs involving spirit possession or witchcraft remain influential, especially rurally. Integrating biomedical and traditional views into mental healthcare may help reduce stigma.
Substance Abuse, Psychiatric Nursing, B. Sc (N) PPT
The document discusses substance abuse and alcohol dependence. It defines key terms like substance abuse, addiction, dependence, and withdrawal. It covers the ICD-10 classification of substance use disorders and commonly abused substances. It discusses the etiology of substance abuse from biological, behavioral, psychological, and social perspectives. It provides details on the stages of alcoholism, clinical features of alcohol dependence, and psychiatric disorders caused by alcohol like acute intoxication, withdrawal syndrome, amnestic disorders, and mood disorders. It also covers relapse in alcohol dependence and complications of long-term alcohol abuse.
Unit 10 social organization and social system
This document discusses social organization and social systems. It defines social organization as a set of differentiated activities serving a common purpose. Some key elements of social organization include goals, roles, norms, and sanctions. There are different types of social organization such as political, economic, and religious organizations.
A social system is defined as a network of interactive relationships. It consists of elements like beliefs, norms, roles, status, and power. Social systems can be classified based on factors like evolution, means of livelihood, type of solidarity, and culture. Mechanisms like socialization and social control help maintain equilibrium and integration within a social system. Institutions must also be properly interrelated for a social structure to be maintained.
Emotional Abuse
Emotional and verbal abuse can be more difficult to identify and prove than physical abuse. While physical abuse leaves marks, emotional and verbal abuse mainly impacts one's mental health and self-esteem. Two main reasons women resist leaving these abusive relationships are economic hardship, as abusers often control finances, and emotional attachment. Over time in abusive relationships, intermittent good and bad treatment can form a traumatic bond and dependency on the abuser, weakening one's self-esteem and making leaving feel impossible. More research is still needed to fully understand how emotional attachment specifically prevents women from exiting abusive relationships.
Problems related to abuse or neglect
The document summarizes information presented in a seminar on abuse and neglect. It discusses various types of abuse like intimate partner abuse, child abuse, and elder abuse. It provides epidemiological statistics on abuse in India, highlighting high rates of violence against women and children. It also outlines predisposing factors for abuse like biological, psychological, and sociological theories. Finally, it describes the cycle of battering in intimate partner relationships and reasons why victims may stay in abusive situations.
Suicide - Psychiatry
special thanks and acknowledgement goes out to the contributors of the slide:
meroshana, haziman fauzi, griselda pearl, widad ulya, atiqah shakira, halim latiffi, farith che man and marwan omar.
Hopefully this is able to help medical students to understand about the psychiatry topic, suicide.
This is made by students so if there are any mistakes, please do correct us. We are open to constructive criticism. thank you :)
Substance abuse
Substance abuse refers to the maladaptive use of substances like alcohol, drugs, and chemicals. It can lead to addiction and dependence where the body develops a tolerance and needs more to achieve the same effects. Substance abuse disorders include alcohol dependence, opioid use, cannabis use, cocaine use, and abuse of volatile solvents. The causes of substance abuse are biological like genetics, psychological factors such as low self-esteem, and social influences including peer pressure. Treatment involves medical management of withdrawal symptoms, detoxification, and maintenance therapy as well as prevention efforts.
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Stigma Presentation
The document discusses stigma related to HIV/AIDS in a community. It defines stigma as bodily signs used to identify and exclude those seen as impure or immoral. Living with HIV can involve self-stigma from fear of disclosure and stigma from others related to lack of knowledge and moral judgements. This stigma promotes risk behaviors and prevents people from getting tested due to fear of being labeled. The document calls for empowering women, combating myths, and creating an enabling environment to reduce HIV transmission and stigma in the community.
6 Szablowinski HIV-AIDSdiscrimination 72-84 (1)
This document discusses stigmatization and discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS in Papua New Guinea. It notes that stigma stems from ignorance about HIV transmission and a moral association of the virus with promiscuity. Stigma isolates people with HIV/AIDS and discourages them from seeking care. It also prevents open discussion about HIV status and spreads misinformation. The document argues for promoting compassion and understanding of people with HIV/AIDS as the most effective way to address the epidemic.
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Hiv Related Stigma Pryor Texas Hiv Std Conf
Presentation by John B. Pryor, Ph.D. at the 17th Texas HIV/STD Conference on May 25, 2010 in Austin, Texas
Hiv related stigma pryor texas hiv std conf
The document outlines John B. Pryor's presentation on HIV-related stigma. It discusses the theoretical framework of the four manifestations of stigma, including public stigma, self-stigma, stigma-by-association, and institutional stigma. It then applies this framework to examine HIV-related stigma and describes studies evaluating interventions to reduce public and self-stigma. Common effective components of stigma reduction interventions are discussed.
The impact on hiv and aids among
This document discusses the impact of HIV/AIDS among Kenyan youth. It notes that Kenyans aged 15-24 are particularly vulnerable to infection. HIV/AIDS is a serious challenge in Kenya affecting development goals. The document asks questions about knowledge of HIV, who is affected, testing, and prevention. It discusses how HIV/AIDS spreads within a social context and notes stigma associated with the virus can negatively impact mental health and access to services.
COUNSELLING FOR AIDS PATIENTS.pptx
Counseling is important for AIDS patients to help them cope with the emotional impact of their diagnosis and improve their psychological health and quality of life. AIDS patients experience issues like anxiety, depression, stigma, confidentiality concerns, and death anxiety. Therapeutic interventions like cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation techniques, support groups, and family therapy can help AIDS patients address emotional challenges and improve medication adherence. Counseling is crucial, as emotional distress can negatively impact disease progression.
Hiv aids related stigma & discrimination by Dr Munawar Khan SACP
This document discusses HIV/AIDS related stigma and discrimination. It begins by defining stigma as unfavorable attitudes directed towards someone, while discrimination refers to treating someone with prejudice. The document then explores several key aspects of stigma: how it works through social hierarchies, how language reinforces it, and its internal and external forms. Specific examples of external stigma include avoidance, rejection and abuse, while internal stigma comprises feelings of shame and fear of disclosure. The document considers approaches to addressing stigma at national, community, healthcare, and individual levels through education, policies, and community involvement. It emphasizes that stigma and discrimination undermine HIV/AIDS programs by discouraging testing, treatment, and prevention efforts. Overcoming stigma requires promoting human rights and a supportive
Voluntary test and counselling for HIV clients
HIV/AIDS related stigma and discrimination refers to prejudice against people living with HIV/AIDS and can take many forms including self-stigma, governmental stigma through discriminatory laws, restrictions on travel and healthcare, and stigma at the community and household level through social isolation and rejection. Stigma increases vulnerability to HIV infection and limits access to testing, treatment and services, negatively impacting health. Effective approaches to fighting stigma include empowering people living with HIV about their rights, providing accurate information to address myths and misinformation, and implementing zero discrimination in healthcare settings.
Counselling for HIV/AIDS
The ppt is prepared to serve the need of curriculum for post graduate students interested in learning about the counselling for terminal disease esp. HIV/AIDS.
HIV/AIDS Stigma & Discrimination by Dr Munawar Khan SACP
The document discusses HIV/AIDS related stigma and discrimination. It defines stigma and discrimination, and explains how stigma works by labeling, stereotyping and devaluing individuals. It discusses the different types of stigma including external stigma of discrimination from others and internal stigma of low self-esteem. Root causes of stigma are discussed as lack of HIV knowledge and moral judgments of those with HIV. Addressing stigma requires educating healthcare workers and the community to correct misinformation and promote compassion.
Discrimination & Stigma
OBJECTIVES:
To define Stigma & Discrimination
Combating Stigma
How to - 4 Case Studies
HIV Speak
Dignity in Death
Bangalore-Presentation.ppt
Women face a higher biological risk of HIV infection during intercourse due to contact with seminal fluids and lacerations during practices like dry sex. They also face greater economic and social vulnerability, as many depend on partners for income and have little power to refuse unprotected sex or negotiate condom use. This document argues that promoting gender equality and women's empowerment are vital to reducing new HIV infections and enabling women to cope with the disease.
Abuse of individuals with disabilities webinar
This document discusses abuse of individuals with disabilities. It notes that individuals with disabilities experience abuse, including physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, at similar or higher rates than the general population. Abuse can also be disability-specific, such as denying access to mobility devices. Risk factors include isolation, a large number of caregiver contacts, and dependency on others for support. However, abuse is often not recognized or reported due to a lack of screening and accessible resources, as well as societal ableism. The document provides tips for screening clients for abuse.
Swayam academic writing (1)
This document discusses counselling for HIV/AIDS. It explains that HIV can cause AIDS by reducing the body's natural immunity. AIDS testing is important for detecting infection early. Counselling provides confidential support to help patients cope with stress and make personal decisions related to their HIV status. Counselling aims to support patients' physical, psychological and social health by providing information, addressing risk behaviors, and offering unconditional emotional support. Specialized counselling is needed for HIV/AIDS due to the diverse personal, family, and social impacts of the disease. Counselling sessions should provide information to help infected individuals care for themselves and modify behaviors to protect their immune system. Counsellors must clearly explain test results and ensure clients are comfortable seeking follow-up
Swayam academic writing
HIV is a minimal virus that can cause AIDS. AIDS is not a disease in itself but a syndrome. It reduces human's natural immunity to fight other diseases. Any opportunistic infection due to gradual decay of immunity, i.e. from common cold to common cold, to diseases like pleurisy, tuberculosis, tuberculosis, cancer, becomes easy and difficult to treat and even death of the patient. Might be possible.
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Hiv stigma & discrimination by Dr Munawar Khan SACP
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HIV/AIDS Stigma & Discrimination by Dr Munawar Khan SACP
HIV/AIDS Stigma & Discrimination by Dr Munawar Khan SACP
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Stigma Presentation 2014
- 2. Stigma: A mark of disgrace; a sign of moral blemish; stain or reproach caused by dishonourable conduct Stigmatization: A social process of devaluation; people devalue others or themselves because of some mark(s) or characteristic(s) they have or appear to have. Expressed in fear, avoidance, shame, blame, and passing judgment Discrimination: Unfair treatment of a person or group based on prejudice; generally refers to treating one group of people worse than another based on their ethnicity, gender, disability, sexual orientation, age, political views or another personal characteristic
- 4. Fear of infection coupled with negative, value- based assumptions about people who are HIV positive leads to high levels of stigma surrounding HIV and AIDS
- 5. Perceived as lethal and incurable Perceived to be the responsibility of the bearer A lack of understanding of modes of HIV transmission Fear of being HIV+
- 6. HIV infection is associated with negative behaviours that are already stigmatised Inaccurate information regarding transmission, creating irrational behaviour and misperceptions of personal risk Being HIV+ is often thought to be the result of personal irresponsibility Religious or moral beliefs
- 7. refers to stigmatization of other people or by other people. People stigmatize people living with HIV/AIDS when they: Do not want to share dishes, equipment or other objects with them Do not want to touch them or be close to them Do not want to spend time with them Pressure them to leave their home Pressure them to leave some social setting Think it is their own fault for contracting HIV Judge them as being “immoral” or “irresponsible” or “sinful”
- 8. also called “self stigma” or “felt stigma”- refers to ways that people stigmatize themselves. For example, people living with HIV/AIDS may feel that they: Are somehow guilty or dirty Are a threat to other people’s health Need to withdraw socially to protect themselves Cannot have intimate relations with someone else Must work harder than other people in order to prove themselves
- 9. Loss of employment Loss of housing Rejection by family Being ostracized by community Denied schooling Denied marriage Restrictions on movement Physical and verbal abuse and threats Interferes with HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment services
- 10. Prevention - afraid to access prevention services and be identified as member of "at risk" group - afraid to disclose positive status to sex partner Treatment - afraid to disclose status to health care staff and not wanting to be seen at "AIDS clinic" Research - not wanting to identify as member of stigmatized group. Concerns of loss of confidentiality Care - unwilling to provide care for sick family member. Unwilling to go into AIDS treatment field Mental health - high rates of depression & suicide
- 11. HIV/AIDS is considered a physical disability under the law. This means that it is against the law to discriminate against someone on the basis of their HIV status. This includes discrimination to people who are: Symptomatic (have symptoms) Asymptomatic (do not have symptoms) Perceived to be HIV+ but are not Associate with people who are HIV+
- 12. Freedom from discrimination is a fundamental human right Discrimination on the basis of HIV/AIDS status, actual or presumed, is prohibited by existing human rights standards Discrimination against persons living HIV+ or those thought to be infected, is a clear human rights violation
- 13. Break the silence surrounding HIV stigma in our community. Talk about HIV/AIDS Educate others The prevention of HIV is the responsibility of all individuals whether HIV-positive, HIV-negative or HIV status unknown Challenge attitudes, beliefs and behaviours that contribute to HIV stigma. Don't be a silent witness to it when it happens around you Avoid using language that overtly stigmatizes others Treat everyone with HIV as you would treat anyone else: with respect, empathy, and compassion Get informed about how to protect yourself from HIV and be confident in that knowledge
Editor's Notes
- stigma and discrimination continue to undermine prevention, treatment and care of people living with the HIV and AIDS