This document discusses the pathophysiology of tuberculosis. It identifies key risk factors as smoking for 9 years and a family history of tuberculosis. The bacteria then invades the body, causing an inflammatory response with symptoms like a cough producing green mucus, difficulty breathing, and fever. Left untreated, the infection can spread and cause complications like pleural effusion which compresses the lungs and impairs gas exchange.

1. VI. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Risk Factors:
Smoking (9 years)
Family history of tuberculosis
Invasion of bacteria in the body
Inflammatory process
Increase stimulation Stimulate MAST
of goblet cells cells in the lungs
Difficulty of breathing
Increase mucus Release of
(RR=36 breaths/min,
production chemical mediators
shallow and rapid)
(histamine)
(01/21/2012)
Flaring of nares
Crackles on posterior
chest heard bilaterally Intercostals retraction Increase vascular
upon auscultation Mouth breather permeability
(January 21, 2012)
Productive cough,
greenish in color (January Increase blood flow in WBC and its
21, 2012) the site (hyperaemia) component go to
the site of infection
Impairment in the
exchange of gases Increase hydrostatic
(between oxygen and pressure Increased WBC
carbon dioxide) (15.9 {1/18/2012}
and 18.3
Pale palpebral Increase and rapid shifting {1/19/2012})
Inadequate supply of conjunctiva and of fluids to the pleural
oxygen in body nails space
Easy fatigability
(01/21/2012)

2. Compresses the left Not treated promptly
lung upward and properly (with
The heart increases recurrent cough in 5
its rate and Diminished breath months
sounds and difficulty of Increase fluid
contraction as
breathing collection
compensatory
mechanism of the (January 21, 2012)
body Irritation of the pleural Prolonged bacterial
spaces occurs infection
Heart rate= 119
beats/minute, strong
(01/21/2012) Complaint of chest
pain (01/21/2012) Lysis of red blood
cells occur
RBC (4.98 and 4.47),
HgB (10.1 and 11.1), and
Hct (30% and 35%)
(01/18/2012 and
01/19/2012)