The document discusses the past perfect tense, which is used to describe an action that was completed before another past action or time. It provides examples of how to form the past perfect using "had" plus the past participle of the verb. It also notes that using words like "before" or "after" in a sentence makes the past perfect tense optional in some cases.

1. Past Perfect Present Past Future 1 2

2. The past perfect expresses an activity that was completed before another activity or time in the past . Examples: We got home late. The children had already fallen asleep . Past Perfect Form : had + past participle (-ed2 form of the V. ) Present Future 1 2 Past

3. Example: Hatim had already left when Ahmad got there. Explanation : First: Hatim left. Second: Ahmad got there. Past Perfect 2 1 Present Future 1 2 Past

4. Where’s Sam? He left before you came. Sam had left before Jack got there.

5. Notice: If either before or after is used in the sentence, the past perfect is not necessary because the time. Examples : Sam had left before Ann got there. Sam left before Ann got there. After the guests had left, I went to bed. After the guests left, I went to bed. before, after Past Perfect

6. Future Past Present Past Perfect 1 2 Sam had left before Ann got there. Sam left before Ann got there. After the guests had left, I went to bed. After the guests left, I went to bed. = =