The document discusses determiners and how they are used to modify nouns. It explains that determiners indicate whether a noun refers to something specific or a type. The main types of determiners are articles, possessives, demonstratives, numbers, quantifiers and ordinals. Articles include a, an, the. Possessives are words like my and your. Demonstratives are words like this and that. Determiners can be either specific, referring to something known, or general, without specifying exactly what is referred to. The document also discusses the uses of either and neither in sentences involving a choice between two items.

1. course : LANE 334 instructor: Dr.Shadia Banjar done by Nawar abullrhman khan 0879681

2. syntax Presentation:

3. We are going to concentrate on making noun phrases by using the following formulas: Determiner | Noun Determiner | Adjective | Noun Determiner | Adjective | Adjective | Noun

4. Determiners are used in front of nouns to indicate whether you are referring to something specific or something of a particular type. Determiners are words that are used with nouns: to define something or someone to state the amount of people, things or other nouns to state possessives to state something or someone is specific to state how things or people are distributed to state the difference between nouns to state someone or something is not specific

5. There are different types of determiners. The type of determiner depends on the type of noun. Singular nouns always need a determiner. Plural nouns the determiner is optional. Uncountable nouns the determiner is also optional. There are about 50 different determiners in the English language they include: Articles Possessives Demonstratives Numbers Quantifiers Ordinals

6. Articles : a, an , the Demonstratives : this, that, these, those, which etc. Possessives : my, your, our, their, his, hers, whose, my friend's, our friends', etc. Quantifiers : few, a few, many, much, each, every, some, any etc. Numbers : one, two, three, twenty, forty Ordinals : first , second , 1st 2nd, 3rd, last , next , etc.

7. Determiners general determiners specific determiners

8. For example:- " The dog barked at the boy." " These apples are rotten." " Their bus was late." You use a specific determiner when people know exactly which thing (s) or person/people you are talking about. The specific determiners are: the definite article ( the), Demonstratives , possessives You use general determiners to talk about people or things without saying exactly who or what they are. The general determiners are: the indefinite articles ( a, an), a few, a little, all ,another any, both ,each ..etc For example:- " A man sat under an umbrella." "Have you got any English books that I could have?" "There is enough food to feed everyone."

9. Either and neither are used in sentences concerning a possible choice between two items. Either can mean one or the other (of two) or each of two. For example:- I've got tea and coffee, so you can have either . (One or the other) The room has a door at either end. (Both) Neither means not the first one and not the second one. For example:- Neither of the students were listening. Either Neither