This document defines and provides examples of gerunds and gerund phrases. A gerund is a verb form ending in "-ing" that functions as a noun. Gerunds can serve as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, predicate nominatives, objects of prepositions, and appositives. A gerund phrase consists of a gerund plus any modifiers or objects. The document gives examples of sentences using different gerund forms and functions. It also provides exercises asking the reader to rewrite sentences using gerunds.

1. GERUND

2.  Definition
 Form
 Functions
 Gerund Phrase

3. Make sentences using these
pair of words
Enjoy – study
go – swim

4. I enjoy studying
I go swimming

5. A gerund is a verbal that is
used as a noun and has an –
ing ending
What is a gerund?

6. How to form a gerund?
Verb + ing
Examples:
study + ing = studying
walk + ing = walking
talk + ing = talking

7. The functions of Gerunds
1. Gerund as subject
2. Gerund as direct object
3. Gerund as indirect object
4. Gerund as predicate nominative
5. Gerund as object of preposition
6. Gerund as an appositive

8. Gerund as subject
a. The battle of Trojans was the greatest
war in ancient Greece.
.b. Fighting between the Greeks and
Trojans was the greatest war in
ancient Greece.

9. Gerund as direct object
b. Daedalus decided escaping from
the labyrinth soon.
a. Daedalus decided an easy way to go
out from the labyrinth.

10. Gerund as indirect object
b. The great King Minos gave designing the
labyrinth the highest award in Crete
a. The great King Minos gave the architect
Daedalus the highest award in Crete.

11. Gerund as predicative
nominative
b. Daedalus’ job was designing Architectural
structure for the people of Greece
a. Daedalus’ job was an architect in
Greece.

12. Gerund as object of preposition
b. The police arrested Jean Valjean for
stealing the bread.
a. The police arrested Jean Valjean for
his crime.

13. Gerund as an appositive
2. Gerund as objective in apposition
Beowulf is actually enjoying the
achievement , defeating the ugly monster
Grendel from the Swampland.
1. Gerund as nominative in apposition :
His experience, flying over the sea, was
the most exciting one in the life of Icarus.

14. What is a gerund phrase?
A gerund phrase is a group of words
consisting of a gerund and its modifier(s)
and/or objects

15. Examples:
a. Creating a huge labyrinth for the monstrous
monster would be a prestigious duty for Daedalus to
do.
b. Icarus and his father enjoyed flying over the
hills and mountain during the escape.
c. Daedalus’ instruction has always been
reminding his son of flying carefully.
d. Jean Valjean was given additional punishment
for trying to escape from the galleys.

16. Exercise
1. The trial of Jean Valjean was an effort to
sentence the ex-convict.
2. The author of the Raven heard the
mysterious sound at that night.
3. King Minos gave the creation the
highest present in Crete.

17. 4. Cossete’s job at the Thernidier’s house
was a difficult job .
5. The Greek warriors attacked Trojans for
a serious motive.
6. - Beowulf’s success was the biggest
achievement in his life.
- The fisherman is actually proud of his
victory.

18. 1.Investigating the criminal deeds of Jean Valjean was
an effort to sentence the ex-convict.
2.The author of The Raven heard constant tapping at
that night.
3.King Minos gave creating the huge labyrinth the
highest present in Crete.
4.Cossete’s job at the Tharnidier’s house was doing all
the chores.

19. 5. The Greek warriors attacked Trojans for abducting
Helen from Spartan Kingdom
6. - Beowulf’s success, defeating the monstrous
monster Grendel, was the biggest achievement in his
life.
- The fisherman is actually proud of his victory,
catching and releasing the fish.