This document defines and describes different types of verbs including action verbs, linking verbs, auxiliary verbs, transitive and intransitive verbs, active and passive voice, verb tenses, moods, and changes in verb form. It discusses the simple, progressive, perfect, and perfect progressive tenses and provides examples of how verbs are used in each tense. It also covers non-verb forms including participles and infinitives.

1. Verbs

2. A verb is a word
the expresses an
action, or a state of
being.

3. Kinds of Verbs
Action Verbs – show either a physical or mental
action.
The plane landed at the airport a while ago.
(physical action)
Mother always hopes for the best. (mental action)

4. Kinds of Verbs
Linking Verbs – connect the subject with a noun
or an adjective that identifies or describes the noun
or the pronoun.
The verb be is the most frequently used linking verb.
Be, being, been, am, is, are, was, and were are
its most common forms.

5. Kinds of Verbs
Other linking verbs include:
appear get remain sound
become grow seem stay
feel look smell taste

6. Kinds of Verbs
Auxiliary Verbs – verbs used with main verbs to
form verb phrases. The most common auxiliary verbs
are forms of be, have, and do.
be, been, am, is, was, were do, does, did
have, has, had can, could
will, would may, might
shall, should must

7. Characteristics of Verbs
A verb is transitive when a person or thing
directs the action toward someone or something.
The receiver of the action is called the object of the
verb.
He wrote a beautiful poem. (a what? – a poem)
A verb is intransitive when the doer of the action
does not direct the action toward someone or
something.
The sky darkened.

8. Active and Passive Voice
Voice tells whether the subject of the sentence is the
doer of the receiver of the action.
The verb is in the active voice if the subject
performs the action.
Mother gave me a new dress.
The verb is in the passive voice is the subject
receives the action.
I was given a new dress by Mother.

9. Moods of Verbs
a. Indicative mood – expresses something
factual that has happened, is happening, or will
happen.
Rommel eats quickly.
b. Imperative mood – is used for commands or
requests.
Please stop at the next gas station.
c. Subjunctive mood – expresses a wish or
statement contrary to fact.
If I were you, I would visit my family more often.

10. Changes in Verb Form
1. It changes form according to how it is formed.
2. It changes form in order to agree in person and
number with a noun or pronoun.
3. A verb also changes form to express tense.

11. Verb Tenses
Simple Tense
 Simple Present Tense
 Simple Past Tense
 Simple Future Tense
Progressive Tense (Continuous)
 Present Progressive
 Past Progressive
 Future Progressive

12. Verb Tenses
Perfect Tense
 Present Perfect Tense
 Past Perfect Tense
 Future Perfect Tense
Perfect Progressive (Continuous) Tense
 Present Perfect Progressive Tense
 Past Perfect Progressive Tense
 Future Perfect Progressive Tense

13. Simple Tenses
Simple Present Tense
base form + -s/es
 expresses action happening at the present moment or action
that happens habitually
A strange noise comes from the basement.

14. Simple Tenses
Simple Past Tense
base form + -d/ed
 express action or a state of being that took place in the past
The students waited for the guest for more than four hours.
The president signed the peace treaty.

15. Simple Tenses
Simple Future Tense
will / shall + base form
 expresses an action that will take place sometime in the
future;
 may also express a prediction or give an order
The Zoom Master will play against the Gin-Makers on
Sunday.
The candidate will surely win the pageant.

16. Progressive Tenses
Present Progressive Tense
present auxiliary verb + -ing form
of the verb
 shows action happening in the present or continuing action
Look! That girl is waving at you.
They are painting landscapes.

17. Progressive Tenses
Present Progressive Tense
past auxiliary verb + -ing form
of the verb
 express action or a state of being that took place in the past
I was writing my report when you called.
When the principal came, the students were doing their
English projects.

18. Progressive Tenses
Future Progressive Tense
will / shall + be + -ing form
of the verb
 indicates future action
I was writing my report when you called.
When the principal came, the students were doing their
English projects.

19. Perfect Tenses
Present Perfect Tense
has / have + past participle of the
verb
 describes an action in the past and continues to the present;
 also expresses an action that has been completed at some
indefinite past
The basketball player has had a lot of trouble with his knee.
We have waited long for this blessing.

20. Perfect Tenses
Past Perfect Tense
had + past participle of the
verb
 express an action that was completed in the past at some
time before another action took place
Mariz had worked as a nanny before she graduated.
I had already left by the time the school bus came to pick me
up.

21. Perfect Tenses
Future Perfect Tense
will / shall + have + past participle
of the verb
 used to express future action that will be completed before
another future action
My brother will have graduated by 2005.
In December, they will have known each other for a year.

22. Perfect Progressive Form
Present Perfect Progressive Form
has/have + been + -ing form of
the verb
 indicates past action that continues to the present
I have been hoping you would call.
Sheila had been dreaming of a nice and peaceful vacation.

23. Perfect Progressive Form
Past Perfect Progressive Form
had + been + -ing form of the verb
 indicates continuous action that has been completed in
the past
Nico had been seeing Nikki a lot until summer.
Until the end of her European tour, Tracy had been
traveling alone with a backpack.

24. Perfect Progressive Form
Future Perfect Progressive Form
will / shall + have + been +-ing
form of the verb
 indicates a continuous action that will be completed at some
point in the future
In another five minutes, we will have been driving for five
hours.
The twins will have been surfing for ten days by sundown
today.

25. Non-Verb Forms - Participles
A participle must be in a verb string in order to
behave as a verb. Without an auxiliary, a participle
plays a non-verb role in its sentence.
 Arriving home late, Priscilla rushed into the kitchen.
 She was thinking about the burnt potatoes.
Remember that participles are parts of verb
strings. They need auxiliaries to do a verb's work. If
a participle has no auxiliary in front of it, look
elsewhere for the sentence's verb.

26. Infinitives
When the word to stands in front of the base form of
a verb, it creates an infinitive. An infinitive plays a
non-verb role in its sentence.
To know him is to love him.
I want to bring him with me at Christmas.