This document provides information about the ENGL 123-2 Writing II course, including details about tense, voice, and gerund usage. It defines and provides examples of different tenses like present, past, future, and perfect tenses. It also contrasts active and passive voice and provides exercises transforming sentences between the two voices. Finally, it defines gerunds and lists common verbs that can be followed by gerunds, along with examples of gerund usage.

1. ENGL 123-2
Writing II

2. TENSE ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE
Present
We normally heat the water in a
kettle.
The printer prints the Excel sheets.
The water is normally heated in a
kettle.
The Excel sheets are printed
by/using a printer
Simple
past
We heated the water in a kettle.
The scientist found out the reason
for the disease.
The water was heated in a kettle.
The reason was found out by/the
scientist.
Present
perfect
We have heated the water in a
kettle.
The program has calculated the
parameters.
The water has been heated in a
kettle.
The parameters have been
calculated by/using the program.

3. Tense
Auxiliary verb + sample V3 (past
participle)
Examples
Present simple am, is, are + made
Water is heated in a
kettle.
Many cars are made in
Japan.
Present progressive
am, is, are + being +
sent
The document is being
sent right now.
I am being sent to work in
the London office.
Past simple was, were + invited
John was invited to speak
at the conference.
We were invited to
Daniel and Mary’s
wedding.

4. Past progressive
was, were + being +
washed
The car was being
washed when I got
home.
Their families were
being kidnapped while
they were in the mall
shopping.
Future (will) will be + signed
The contract will be
signed tomorrow.
The documents will all be
signed by next week.

5. Present perfect has, have + been + sold
That start-up has been
sold for $5 million.
The rights to his book
have been sold for
$250,000.
Past perfect had + been + hired
The new manager had been
hired before John left the
company.
All the employees had hired
before the store opened.
Future perfect will + have been + finished
The car will have been
loaded by the time he gets
home.
The crates will have been
loaded by then.

6. Modals: can/could can, could + be + issued
A passport can only be
issued at the embassy.
He said the documents
could be issued within
the week.
Modal: have to
have to, has to, had
to + be+ arranged
A babysitter has to be
arranged for this evening.
Joan’s travel plans have
to be arranged by
December.
Modal: must must + be + stopped
Criminals must be
stopped before they
commit crimes.

8. • Rachel will give you some advice.
→
• I sent him a letter.
→
• The police officer showed us the way.
→
• Our neighbour gave me a lift.
→
• We have asked him a favour.
→
• She told me a lie.
→
• They have written her a postcard.
→
• Kerrie will make you a cup of tea.
→
• The waiter has not brought us the coffee.
→
• They did not offer her a seat.
→

9. • 1.Rachel will give you some advice.
• → You will be given some advice.
• 2.I sent him a letter.
• → He was sent a letter.
•
• 3.The police officer showed us the
way.
• → We were shown the way.
•
• 4.Our neighbour gave me a lift.
• → I was given a lift.
•
• 5.We have asked him a favour.
• → He has been asked a favour.
•
• 6.She told me a lie.
• → I was told a lie.
•
• 7.They have written her a postcard.
• → She has been written a
postcard.
•
• 8.Kerrie will make you a cup of
tea.
• → You will be made a cup of tea.
•
• 9.The waiter has not brought us the
coffee.
• → We have not been brought the
coffee.
•
• 10.They did not offer her a seat.
• → She was not offered a seat.

10. • 1.People know that she is a good swimmer.
• →
• 2.They say that Francis is in hospital.
• →
• 3.They think that the children are in bed.
• →
• 4.People believe that the robber has worked in the bank.
• →
• 5.People believe that nuclear power stations are dangerous.
• →
• 6.His collegues thought that he was on holiday.
• →
• 7.People know that cars pollute the environment.
• →
• 8.They suppose that the new product will come out soon.
• →
• 9.They found that the mission was impossible.
• →
• 10.They believe that she will win a gold medal.
• →

11. • 1.People know that she is a good swimmer.
• → She is known to be a good swimmer.
• 2.They say that Francis is in hospital.
• → Francis is said to be in hospital.
• 3.They think that the children are in bed.
• → The children are thought to be in bed.
• 4.People believe that the robber has worked in the bank.
• → The robber is believed to have worked in the bank.
•
• 5.People believe that nuclear power stations are dangerous.
• → Nuclear power stations are believed to be dangerous.

12. • 6.His colleagues thought that he was on holiday.
• → He was thought to be on holiday.
• 7.People know that cars pollute the environment.
• → Cars are known to pollute the environment.
• 8.They suppose that the new product will come out soon.
• → The new product is supposed to come out soon.
•
• 9.They found that the mission was impossible.
• → The mission was found to be impossible.
• 10.They believe that she will win a gold medal.
• → She is believed to win a gold medal

13. • Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.
• Jane will buy a new computer. -
• Millions of people will visit the museum. -
• Our boss will sign the contract. -
• You will not do it. -
• They will not show the new film. -
• He won't see Sue. -
• They will not ask him. -
• Will the company employ a new worker? -
• Will the plumber repair the shower? -

14. • 1.Jane will buy a new computer. - A new computer will be bought by Jane.
• 3.Millions of people will visit the museum. - The museum will be visited by millions of
people.
• 4.Our boss will sign the contract. - The contract will be signed by our boss.
• 5.You will not do it. - It will not be done by you.
•
• 6.They will not show the new film. - The new film will not be shown by them.
•
• 7.He won't see Sue. - Sue will not be seen by him.
•
• 8.They will not ask him. - He will not be asked by them.
• 9.Will the company employ a new worker? - Will a new worker be employed by the
company?
• 10.Will the plumber repair the shower? - Will the shower be repaired by the plumber?

15. • Frank will have ordered the drinks. -
• You will have spent all the money. -
• I will have taken the dog for a walk. -
• She will have sold the car. -
• They will have solved the problem. -
• She will not have read the book. -
• They will not have trusted him. -
• He won't have rung Barbara. -
• Will they have paid the bill? -
• Will you have washed my socks? -

16. • 1.Frank will have ordered the drinks. - The drinks will have been ordered by Frank.
• 2.You will have spent all the money. - All the money will have been spent by you.
•
• 3.I will have taken the dog for a walk. - The dog will have been taken for a walk by me.
•
• 4.She will have sold the car. - The car will have been sold by her.
•
• 5.They will have solved the problem. - The problem will have been solved by them.
• 6.She will not have read the book. - The book will not have been read by her.
•
• 7.They will not have trusted him. - He will not have been trusted by them.
• 8.He won't have rung Barbara. - Barbara will not have been rung by him.
•
• 9.Will they have paid the bill? - Will the bill have been paid by them?
•
• 10.Will you have washed my socks? - Will my socks have been washed by you?

17. Passive Voice - Exercise with Auxiliary Verbs
• Rewrite the sentences in passive voice.
• I can answer the question. -
• She would carry the box. -
• You should open the window. -
• We might play cards. -
• You ought to wash the car. -
• He must fill in the form. -
• They need not buy bread. -
• He could not read the sentence. -
• Will the teacher test our English? -
• Could Jenny lock the door? -

18. • Portal dolmens(be) ____________ancient tombs.
• They(build) ____________about 6000 years ago.
• In order to build such a tomb, ancient people(put) _________up big stones.
• These standing stones then(form) ____________the walls.
• Another huge stone, the cap stone,(place) __________on top of the other
stones.
• Finally, the tomb(have) _______________the form of a little chamber.
• In that chamber, the dead person(bury)__________ .
• Then the entrance to the tomb(close)____________ with another stone.
• Nowadays, portal dolmens(see / can) _________in Ireland, Wales and
Scotland.
• They(call)______ portal dolmens because they (look) _____like a huge
doorway (or portal

19. • Portal dolmens are ancient tombs.
• They were built about 6000 years ago.
• In order to build such a tomb, ancient people put up big stones.
• These standing stones then formed the walls.
• Another huge stone, the cap stone, was placed on top of the other
stones.
• Finally, the tomb had the form of a little chamber.
• In that chamber, the dead person was buried.
• Then the entrance to the tomb was closed with another stone.
• Nowadays, portal dolmens can be seen in Ireland, Wales and
Scotland.
• They are called portal dolmens because they look like a huge
doorway (or portal).

21. Gerunds: Verb + ing
1. Gerunds are used as subjects of
sentences
Drinking a lot of coffee might be harmful.
Travelling helps us to explore the world.
2. Gerunds are used as objects after
certain verbs:
I usually avoid driving in the rush hour.
She does not enjoy cooking after 5 o’
clock.
3. Use gerunds after prepositions The whole idea is about learning the new
language

22. • admit
• avoid,
• carry on
• Consider
• delay,
• deny, detest,
• dislike,
• Enjoy
• ,excuse
• ,finish,
• give up,
• Imagine
• ,involve,
• keep on,
• practise,
• put off,
• Save
• Suggest
• tolerate

23. • She didn't tell me(do / what)
• We asked a man(get / to the station / how)
• We didn't know(go / this way or that way / whether)
• She found out(queue / for the tickets / where)
• I learnt(juggle / with three balls / how)
• Fill in the gerund as the subject of the sentence.
• (smoke) causes cancer.
• (play) football is not allowed here.
• (walk) in New York's Central Park at night can be dangerous.
• (spend) your summer holidays watching TV is a waste of time.
• (sleep) in is what we usually do on a Sunday.

24. • .
• She didn't tell me what to do.
• We asked a man how to get to the station.
• We didn't know whether to go this way or that way.
• She found out where to queue for the tickets.
• I learnt how to juggle with three balls.
• Fill in the gerund as the subject of the sentence.
• Smoking causes cancer.
• Playing football is not allowed here.
• Walking in New York's Central Park at night can be dangerous.
• Spending your summer holidays watching TV is a waste of time.
• Sleeping in is what we usually do on a Sunday.